https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi
volume 4, issue 7, 2025
550
AGING POPULATION IN SOUTH KOREA
Ozodkhon Tulanboeva
Third-year student of Tashkent state university of oriental studies
Abstract:
South Korea is one of the fastest aging countries in the world, which poses a number
of challenges. Population aging is mainly associated with low fertility rates, increased life
expectancy, and socio-economic changes.The economic impacts of population aging, such as the
pension system, healthcare costs, and a shrinking workforce, are also analyzed. The social and
cultural consequences of population aging, including changes in intergenerational relations and
community life, are also considered.
Key words:
population aging, fertility rates, women's education, family policy, immigration
strategies, social issues, longevity.
Annotatsiya:
Janubiy Koreya dunyodagi eng tez qarayotgan mamlakatlardan biri hisoblanadi, bu
esa bir qator muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi. Aholining qarishi asosan past tug'ilish darajasi,
uzoq umr ko'rish va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy o'zgarishlar bilan bog'liq. Shuningdek, aholi qarishining
iqtisodiy ta'sirlari, masalan, pensiya tizimi, sog'liqni saqlash xarajatlari va ishchi kuchining
kamayishi kabi masalalar tahlil etiladi.Aholi qarishining ijtimoiy va madaniy oqibatlari, shu
jumladan, avlodlar o'rtasidagi munosabatlar va jamoaviy hayotdagi o'zgarishlar ham e'tiborga
olinadi.
Kalit so’zlar:
aholi qarishi,tug’ilish darajasi,ayollar ta’limi,oilaviy siyosat,immigratsiya
strategiyalari,ijtimoiy muammolar,uzoq umr ko’rish.
Аннотация:
Южная Корея — одна из самых быстро стареющих стран в мире, что создаёт
ряд проблем. Старение населения в основном связано с низким уровнем рождаемости,
ростом продолжительности жизни и социально-экономическими изменениями.Также
анализируются экономические последствия старения населения, такие как пенсионная
система, расходы на здравоохранение и сокращение рабочей силы. Также
рассматриваются социальные и культурные последствия старения населения, включая
изменения в межпоколенческих отношениях и жизни общества.
Ключевые слова:
старение населения, уровень рождаемости, образование женщин,
семейная
политика,
иммиграционные
стратегии,
социальные
проблемы,
продолжительность жизни.
Due to South Korea's extremely low birth rate, its population is projected to shrink to 38 million
by 2070. Over this same period, the world population is forecast to rise from 8 billion to 10.3
billion. According to a report released by the Korea Statistics Agency, the country's population
has already fallen from 52 million this year. Currently, the elderly account for 18.4% of the
population. "South Korea's population, which peaked in 2020, will fall to 40 million by 2041.
This figure was also recorded in 2011," the agency said in a statement. In South Korea, the
average number of children a woman has during her lifetime reached 0.78 in 2022, well below
the 2.1 birth rate needed to keep the country's population stable. The report shows that only
249,000 babies were born in 2022, compared to 480,000 in 2012. The agency suggests that
foreigners could account for a larger portion of the demographics. The number of foreign
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volume 4, issue 7, 2025
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nationals, which constituted 3.2% or 1.64 million of the population in 2023, is expected to
increase to 4.3% or 2.16 million in 2040. In 2022, 43.9% of employed foreigners worked in the
mining and manufacturing industries, while 18.7% worked in the wholesale, retail, food, and
accommodation segments. According to the data, the number of families with multiple children
accounted for 1.7% of all families in the country in 2021. In South Korea, thousands of people
die alone each year, their bodies discovered days or weeks later. Seoul authorities have
announced they will allocate approximately $327 million over the next five years to address this
problem. In 2023, 3,661 people died alone in South Korea. Moreover, men predominate among
them – over 84%. Dying alone is not a phenomenon exclusive to South Korea. In the first half of
2024, nearly 40,000 people died alone in their homes in Japan. Nearly 4,000 of them were found
a month after their death, and the deaths of 130 people went undetected for a year. South Korea
has drawn attention in recent years due to the rapid pace of population aging. This process is
having a serious impact not only on the country's demographic structure, but also on its
economic and social life. The birth rate in South Korea has declined sharply since the 1970s. In
2022, the birth rate reached a historic low of 0.81 births per 1,000 people. This was due to
women's education, increased employment opportunities, and the widespread adoption of family
planning. The average life expectancy in South Korea is 83 years, which is one of the highest in
the world. The development of the healthcare system and healthy lifestyles contribute to
longevity. The process of urbanization continues in the country, which leads to the shrinking of
families and a decrease in the number of children born in each family. Population aging leads to
a decrease in the workforce, which slows down economic growth. The shrinking workforce puts
pressure on the pension system and increases social security costs.
The aging process creates an additional burden on the healthcare system. The need for medical
services and care for the elderly increases, which leads to additional expenses for the state budget.
The increase in the number of elderly people causes problems of social isolation and loneliness.
The attitudes of the younger generation towards the elderly may change, which weakens social
ties. The South Korean government is taking a number of measures to address population aging.
The government is providing financial assistance and subsidies to encourage childbirth. There
are initiatives to help young families purchase housing, expand kindergartens, etc.Special
programs are being developed to improve healthcare services for the elderly and improve their
quality of life. Measures are being taken to ease immigration policies to replenish the workforce.
The population aging process in South Korea remains a serious problem, but the measures taken
by the government are aimed at reducing the negative consequences of this process. A
comprehensive approach is needed to address population aging, which is important not only
economically, but also socially. Solving this issue will be of great importance for the future of
the country.
References
1.
Tukhtabayev M. A. Features of organizing a practice base for training engineering
personnel in South Korea // Tadqiqot vа Tаraqqiyot ilmiy jurnаli. – Namangan: NamMQI, 2024.
3(7), – С. 109-111.
2.
“Uzbekistan-South Korea form a portfolio of projects worth $9.6 billion”, m.kun.uz.
2024.
3.
“Inha University in Tashkent: A Gateway to IT Leadership”, The Korea Times. 2024.
