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ADVANTAGES OF USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN
TRANSPORT NETWORKS
G‘. M. Bahodirov
Assistant, Andijan State Technical institute
Abstract:
Renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal energy and
biofuels) are playing an important role in the global energy system. The use of these sources in
transportation networks allows for environmentally friendly and efficient vehicles such as cars,
buses, trains and even ships.
Keywords:
renewable energy sources, transport, solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal
energy, biofuels.
Renewable energy sources offer the following key benefits in transport: Environmental
friendliness and reduced emissions. The exhaust gases (CO₂, NOx, soot) emitted by conventional
fuels (petrol, diesel) vehicles pollute the environment. Renewable energy, such as the use of
solar or wind energy in electric vehicles (EVs), can reduce emissions by 75-95%. For example,
the Toyota Mirai hydrogen car emits only water and reduces CO₂ emissions to zero. Globally,
transport emissions account for 24% of global warming, and renewable energy can reduce this
figure by 50%.
Energy savings and cost reduction. Renewable energy increases the efficiency of vehicles.
Electric engines have an efficiency of 80-90%, much higher than gasoline engines (20-30%). For
example, the Tesla Model 3 can travel 500 km on a single charge, and the cost of charging is
50% cheaper than gasoline. Charging via solar panels or wind turbines will further reduce costs.
The solar energy potential in Uzbekistan (3,000 hours of sunshine per year) is ideal for electric
transport.
Noise and pollution reduction. Electric and hydrogen vehicles operate almost noiselessly,
which creates comfort for city dwellers. For example, electric buses reduce city noise by 20-30%.
In addition, due to their low emissions, urban air quality improves and health costs are reduced.
New jobs and economic growth. Renewable energy creates new sectors in transport
networks. For example, the production of electric batteries and the construction of charging
stations can create more than 100 thousand jobs. Solar panel production in Uzbekistan (for
example, projects in Navoi region) can become the basis for electric transport.
Energy security and sustainability. Reduces dependence on oil and gas. Solar and wind
energy are renewable, preventing price volatility. In Uzbekistan, wind energy (Bukhara and
Karakalpakstan) and solar energy potential are sufficient to provide electric transport.
Renewable energy sources are essential to power these vehicles. For example, homes
equipped with solar panels or city infrastructure can provide cars with clean energy. Electric
vehicles are one of the most advanced ways to effectively use renewable energy. EVs are
charged with clean energy from solar and wind power plants, which reduces greenhouse gas
emissions and significantly reduces dependence on imported oil.
Public health benefits. Transport emissions cause respiratory diseases and allergies.
Renewable energy can reduce emissions and reduce health costs by 15-20%. For example, in
Europe, the introduction of electric transport has reduced health problems by 10%.
Renewable energy in transport networks in Uzbekistan is still in its early stages. As for
electric transport, 50 charging stations are planned for Tashkent in 2024, but the number of
electric cars is less than 5,000. Solar power plants are being built in Navoi and Kashkadarya
regions, which can be used to power the charging stations. Wind turbine projects are being
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developed in Karakalpakstan and Bukhara regions, which will help generate electricity for
transport. Cotton and other agricultural products have the potential to produce bioethanol and
biodiesel, but the production infrastructure is limited. As for hydrogen transport, there are
currently no pilot projects, but hydrogen production through solar energy is planned by 2030.
While the benefits of renewable energy in transport are great, there are the following
problems:
Lack of infrastructure: The number of electric charging stations is limited, and solar and
wind energy networks are underdeveloped. Costs are high, electric batteries are expensive ($100-
150 per kWh). Technological limitations, hydrogen storage and battery charging time (30
minutes-1 hour) reduce competitiveness compared to traditional fuels. There is a shortage of
renewable energy specialists in the transport sector, 60% of the population is unaware of the
benefits of electric transport. Environmental problems, battery production and disposal processes
can harm the environment if renewable energy sources are not used.
In addition, transport systems based on smart technologies are contributing to the
expansion of the use of renewable energy sources (RES) within the framework of the “smart
cities” concept.
Uzbekistan is taking important steps to transition road transport to environmentally
friendly energy: electric buses are being introduced as a test in Tashkent and tourist areas.
Customs privileges are being provided for the purchase of electric vehicles through the “Green
Transport” program. The network of charging stations is gradually developing.
Uzbekistan is making significant progress in the use of RES. The country’s natural and
geographical opportunities, reforms carried out by the state, and international cooperation are
creating the basis for the rapid development of the “green energy” sector.
Conclusion:
Renewable energy sources offer significant benefits in transport networks, such as
environmental friendliness, energy efficiency, noise reduction, economic growth and improved
health. The potential of solar and wind energy in Uzbekistan, the Digital Uzbekistan 2030
strategy and international experience create the basis for the introduction of these technologies.
However, infrastructure, cost and skill constraints need to be overcome. Achieving these goals
will make Uzbekistan’s transport system sustainable and efficient, protect the environment and
improve the standard of living of the population.
References:
1. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). *Renewables in Transport: Global Trends
and Opportunities*. Paris: IEA Publications.
2. Union of Concerned Scientists. (2023). *Benefits of Renewable Energy Use*.
UCSUSA.org.
3. World Bank. (2023). *Sustainable Transport Solutions for Central Asia: Uzbekistan Case
Study*. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.
4. Cameto. (2023). *7 Benefits of Renewable Energy in Transportation*. Cameto.com.
5. Wattcrop. (2023). *The Future of Transportation: Electric Vehicles and Renewable
Energy*. Wattcrop.com.
6. U.S. Department of Energy. (2023). *Electric Vehicle Benefits and Considerations*.
AFDC.energy.gov.
7. One Earth. (2023). *The Global Transition to 100% Renewable Transportation*.
OneEarth.org.
