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THE PLACE OF DIALOGUE IN THE POETICS OF THE NOVEL GENRE
Abdullayev Khotamjon Khamroyevich
Nukus DPI named after Ajiniyaz
Teacher of the Department of Uzbek Literature
Abstract:
The article covers the issues of the poetic function of dialogues in the depiction of the
artistic psyche, ensuring the logical development of artistic thought, elucidating the essence of
semantic, poetological and polyphonic signs of speech, and the aesthetics of understanding.
Keywords :
Novel, dialogue, psyche, psychological image, character, image, hero
.
Today, in our literature, the traditional psychological means of depiction have become more
symbolic, and there is a special need to study the inner world of the hero in connection with the
essence of the social environment in which he lives. The spiritual needs of today's reader, who
looks at man and society, and past history with a new perspective, cannot be satisfied with works
consisting only of detailed events. Because today's man seeks to know and understand not only
the external appearance of the hero, but also his motivation (intention), his inner dialectic.
Today's man is not a gullible person, but a thoughtful, conscious, thinking person.
The writer Khurshid Dostmuhammad typifies the serious changes in the psyche of the
contemporary man, creating the image of a modern hero, a young man Fozilbek, "sometimes
using elements of modernism, sometimes principles of realistic depiction, sometimes romantic
colors." The writer simultaneously creates both the image of the "bazaar" and the image of the
hero's spiritual experiences in the process of plot development. In the current era, when the social
thinking of human society is rapidly developing, creating the image of a "modern hero" is the
main task for every novelist.
In literature, the artistic character is the artistic will of the work, the direction of the will that has
arisen in a certain social situation, including individual signs, and has acquired social meaning.
Only the will of the person that has arisen on the basis of social conditions provides the artistic
and ideological basis of the character in the work . As the scientist M.Koshjonov rightly noted,
the character of the hero in the novel "Bozor" is also a spiritual, philosophical interpretation in
the work of art that has arisen as a necessity due to today's social market conditions.
The writer, while creating the problems of the era and the character of the hero of the era in the
novel, pays attention not to the simple ups and downs of life, but rather to the depiction of the
inner will of a person, which is related to the future. That is why the dialogues between the
characters created by Khurshid Dostmuhammad are not so simple conversations, but rather
polyphonic speeches. The peculiarity of the use of dialogues in the novel "Bozor" (in comparison
with novels written in the traditional style) is that, observing the dialogues between the
characters, you also enter into a debate with them on a certain problem.
Awakens a sense of awareness in your heart and encourages you to think about the era and
human problems. Not only that, it encourages the reader to think logically and to understand the
image of the era and the psyche of its hero with heart and mind. The ability to "revive" the image
of the hero of the era in fiction, that is, to listen to their hearts through dialogues, is a sign of the
writer's high skill.
Clear feature of the novel is that the writer, while remaining in real life, skillfully uses romantic
colors and modernist images to further enhance the idea of the work during the development of
the plot. The exposition of the work also begins with the unique epigraph "The beginning of the
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world is a flower garden, the middle is a cemetery, between the flower garden and the cemetery
is a market" and the image of the symbol of "Bozor". In revealing the people of our time and the
image of " Bozor", the main character Fozilbek skillfully used polyphonic dialogues between
Qosimbek, Diyorbek, Qadriya, Bahtish, Von Suu, G' ulomjon, Egam Baba. All dialogues in the
development of the plot are not simple conversations , but figurative speeches that create
character.
Three main plot lines in the work . These are: "Bozor", love and enlightenment . During the
development of these three plot lines, the writer artistically analyzes the problems of the era,
such as man and "market", man and love, man and enlightenment, man and kindness.
Used dialogues of a psychological nature, mainly to reveal the characters of Fozilbek and
"Bozor", appropriately and effectively .
Converses with people from different backgrounds and ages, and as this dialogue (system) grows,
it illuminates the true face of the "Market" (those who have put even pure human relationships
into the "marketplace").
- Fozilbek's heart suddenly softened.
"None of these little things are in vain, brother," he said with a sigh, "all these are signs of
indecency... always the wisdom of evil when the devil is in the market." Diyorbek's head swelled.
When he opened his mouth, not hiding the fact that his neck was starting to stiffen, Fozilbek
conveyed his thoughts to his son:
No person who has escaped the convulsions of the market: There is no family that has not
suffered from it. So much chaos, so much poverty, the husbands and wives who are mating at the
same time, the children who are born in this environment, in these conditions... [3. 39]
Whether Dostmuhammad creates images of real people or symbolic images, the author's speech
in the discussions serves to clarify mental states. It should help to reveal not only mental states,
but also the essence of the hero as a spiritual "person". Let's take the dialogue between Fozilbek
and Diyorbek :
"Our father has a lot of love for you," his brother said suddenly. Fozilbek had not expected such
a statement, which is probably why he did not understand the intention behind it. It became clear
from his next words that his brother's thoughts were related to another problem.
If they put you in charge of the market, those scoundrels who are gnashing their teeth here will
kill so many people...
Diyorbek's eyes lit up, as if at that moment the fate of the market would be decided, and if he
could convince his brother, the bird of happiness would land in his hands. [3. 142]
Brother and sister serves two purposes. First: In order to reveal Diyorbek's spiritual image, it
does not place him in a specific environment and show "who" he is through the description of
some activity . On the contrary , he refrains from excessive verbiage. Second, the incomplete
sentence "If they give you the leadership of the market, the gnashing of teeth will kill so many
people... " in Diyorbek's language creates his spiritual image. Diyorbek, a selfish man, seems to
be telling his brother, " Don't fight me for the market, you can't do it. "
Yes, who wouldn't be drawn to the "Market"? It seems that even two young men who fought
from the same mother's womb are in their thoughts. Diyorbek "Market" forgot his brother in the
pursuit of wealth and worldly pleasures . The market stole their happiness and bought the love
between brothers. No , Fozilbek is different. He is not interested in the market, he is interested.
He even thought of "making the market flourish" to reform it. However, he fell in love with
Qadriya and changed. He realized that nothing can decorate a person's life except love.
"Qadriya" is the embodiment of enlightenment and books , and the writer considers this to be the
only way to get rid of the "Market" and any kind of bondage. He feels that only in this way can
people's minds and worldviews be changed.
Between brothers is typical for today's "Marketplace". The author, Diyorbek, while revealing the
image of the Fozilbeks, brings the reader into the spirit of today's real life, drawing him to think
and reflect on the thousand and one aspects of "Marketplace". In order to reveal the image of
"Marketplace" and the market environment in the novel, the writer created a number of
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supporting characters such as Bakhtish, Kampir, G' ulomjon, Egam Baba, Zar Baba. The main
character Fozilbek visits the market almost every day, he has nothing to do . For this reason, he
observes the "Marketplace". In order to achieve his goal, the writer makes Fozilbek talk to each
of the characters. He expresses his thoughts about the market. The plot of the novel is not formed
by events, as in works written in the traditional style, but by the thoughts, worldview, and
consciousness of the characters.
The reader does not follow the events as the plot unfolds. Rather, he reflects on the
consciousness, worldview, and, of course, the " self " (self) of modern people. At the same time,
he reflects on their thoughts and opinions through the eyes of the soul . Having openly analyzed
his contemporaries and himself , the reader draws conclusions about his own activities. Let us
observe the climax of the dialogue between Fozilbek and Bakhtish:
Is not a single sane person who would step into the reading room!
- Where to?
- Go to the reading room...at least once, look around, rub your head, and you'll barely be able to
stand up straight .
I would build a reading room in the middle of every market .
- It's true that there is a fire hazard in the reading room, - said Bakhtish - well, how many years
has it been since it was closed? Oh, how many years has it been ? It didn't burn down, did it? It
didn't collapse!... There's a fancy teahouse, a souk, a bathhouse right across the street ... you'll
find money to build a fancy toilet, but four witnesses for the reading room haven't been found! [3.
87-89].
The writer was a master, he spoke with a lot of passion, he spoke with a lot of passion. Today's
"Marketplace" man has embellished his external world with a thousand desires and tastes, and
has forgotten his inner world (spirituality) .
H. Dostmuhammad did not introduce two friends to the conversation for nothing! He simply
looked at the faces of today's people. The writer H.Do'stmuhammad also analyzes the "Bozor" in
the dialogues of the main character Fozilbek with G'ulomjon, Egambobo, Zar bobo and the old
woman (Voon Su) . Thus, dialogues play a key role in creating the idea of the work .
It seems that in the novel "Bozor" the most important problems of the era, spirituality and
enlightenment, the issue of education of today's youth, are very appropriately artistically
interpreted. The writer does not simply approach this issue, but raises it to a social level . It
would not be wrong to say that he attracted the attention of the entire public . In general, in the
novel "Bozor" Khurshid Dostmuhammad typifies the image of our contemporaries at that time,
their complexity and contradictions, and their thoughts and opinions through dialogues. In this
term, the essence of the nature of the image, the thoughts of a person about life, death and
perfection, the interpretation of basic national values \u200b\u200bare embodied. It is precisely
in the dialogues that the root of spiritual tension is revealed, in which all aspects of humanity
strive for a certain dialectical harmony and contradiction.
List of used literature :
1.
Abdullayev Kh. The harmony of image and interpretation in epic thought. – Tashkent,
2023.
2.
Boboev T. Fundamentals of Literary Studies. – Tashkent, 2002.
3.
Sanjar Sadiq. The Power of Truth. Article. UzAS newspaper, 2000, December 8.
4.
Kushjanov M. Oybek's skills. – Tashkent, 1965.
5.
Dostmuhammad H. Bozor. – Tashkent, Sharq, 2000.
