Volume 15 Issue 08, August 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
415
PREPOSITIONS IN ARABIC
Khasanova Dilsora Bakhtiyor kizi
Oriental University Faculty of Philology
Philosophical and Language Teaching (Arabic)
3rd year student
Abstract:
This article analyzes the structure, grammatical aspects, types and usage of
prepositions in the Arabic language. In addition to expressing syntactic relations, prepositions in
the Arabic language play an important role in expressing the meaning of a sentence semantically.
Of course, this article will be useful for those interested in the Arabic language and students
studying it.
Keywords:
Arabic language (ةيبرعلا ةغلا) letter word group (فرح), prefixes ( رج فورح ّ ),
accusative case ( رج ّ ), word in accusative case (رورجم).
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada arab tilidagi old ko‘makchilar (predloglar)ning tuzilishi,
grammatik jihatlaari, ularning turlari va ishlatilishi haqida tahlil qilinadi. Arab tilida old
ko‘makchilar (predloglar) sintaktik munosabatlarni ifodalash bilan bir qatorda, semantik jihatdan
gapning ma’nosini ifodalshda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Albatta ushbu maqola orqali arab
tiliga qiziquvchilar va uni o‘rganayotgan talabalarga foydali bo‘ladi.
Kalit so’zlar
: arab tili (ةيبرعلا ةغلا) harf so‘z turkumi (فرح), old ko‘makchilar ( رج فورح ّ ),
qaratqich kelishigi ( رج ّ ), qaratqich kelishigidagi so‘z (رورجم) .
Аннотация:
В данной статье анализируются структура, грамматические аспекты, типы и
употребление предлогов в арабском языке. Помимо выражения синтаксических
отношений, предлоги в арабском языке играют важную роль в семантическом выражении
смысла предложения. Эта статья, безусловно, будет полезна всем, кто интересуется
арабским языком, и студентам, изучающим его.
Ключевые слова:
арабский язык (لالغللرعرّغ), часть речи “харф” (فرح), предлоги
(حروفجر ّ ), родительный падеж (جر ّ ), слово в родительном падеже (رورجم).
Kelishiklar
Aniq holat
Nooaniq holat
1.
Bosh kelishik
فُتاهلا
telefon
فُتاه
telefon
2.
Tushum kelishik
فُتاهلا
telefon
ni
اافتاه
telefon
ni
3.
Qaratqich kelishik
فُتاهلا
telefon
ning
افتاه
telefon
ning
Therefore, it cannot be used to form other sentences. In addition, in Arabic, conjunctions are
placed before the word to which they are attached.
Auxiliary words and prepositions that serve to express meanings such as place, time, purpose,
reason, means, togetherness are called auxiliary words and prepositions ( auxiliary - فرح ّرجلا )
[ Abduhafiz Abdujabbarov. Arabic language textbook. p. 78. T-2005].
Prepositions are divided into three groups.
1. Original (root) prepositions.
Volume 15 Issue 08, August 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
416
Words that have lost their independent word form and are used only as prepositions are original
prepositions. Original prepositions include the following:
يفِ - in, in; Student at the university. - بلاتلا يِ فةعماج
نْفم– from, from; Student left the university. جرخ بلاتلا ْم فِيعلا
ىلإ– to, towards; Student went to the university. لخد بلاتلا ىللا ةعمجلا
عALAY–above, above; The notebook is on the table. - رتِدلا ىال ةلواتلا
نال̊ about, from; The student asked about the lesson. - لس بلاتلا ْل يسردلا
bi - with, through; He wrote the letter with a pencil. - Is there a book?
li - for, belonging to; This book is a student's book
ka - like, like; Girls are beautiful like flowers. - ِنعلا ةايمج يدرولاك
suffixes bi, li, ka are added to words.
If
the
aux
ilia
ry
“ل”
co
me
s before the article “لا”, “ا” is not written.
ل+ ةسردملا = ةسردمال ف
If the first letter of the noun is “ل”, the letter “ل” of the article is not written either.
ةغالا = ةغّال + ل ف
2. Noun (made) prepositions. Adverbs (فورزلا)
This group includes words that have not lost their noun character, can be used as nouns, and act
as adverbs. When these words are used as adverbs, they often come in the accusative case
[N.Ibrahimov. Arabic grammar book. p. 56. T-1997
]:
لخاد - inside, into; Inside the university فل فخاد فةفعفمافجنلا
جراخ - outside, to the outside; Outside the school فج فرافخ فةفس فرندفملا
رعل - through; Through the book فبننفل فِافتفِنلا
للفخ - during; near; During the vacation فل فل فخ فةفانْفعنلا
ِرق - near; Near the house فِ فرق فِنيفعنلا
مام ا - in front of; In front of the car فمافمفَ فغفرافََّلا
فِفافَنلا
فب
مِفافَ
فب
bilan,
vositasida
ِﺑ
Qalam
bilan
فبفلاَْا
فل
مبفلافْ
فل
Uchun,
…niki,
…da bor
ﹻﻟ
Talaba
uchun,
Talaba
da bor
,
Talaba
niki
فِنمَّلا
فك
مِنمفّ
فك
-dek, kabi,
singari
ﹷﻛ
Quyosh
kabi
Volume 15 Issue 08, August 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
417
ُاخ - behind; behind; Behind Omar فُنافخ فِفل
ْيب - between; Between two students فْنيفعفلاَْلا فْنيفب
قوِ - above; upon; On the table فق نوفِ فةفلفوَْلا
فِنْفت فةفلفوَْلا
دنل - at; in the presence of; In the presence of the teacher فدننفل فِافتنسفأا
لوح - around; about; Around the school فل نوفح فةفس فرندفمنلا
These noun (made-up) prepositions are formed from nouns, that is, from some nouns. They
require the word following them to be in the case of jar, that is, in the accusative case, but رجلا is
not called a فورح. Based on the original Arabic sources, auxiliaries formed from the noun
word group are called ravish, in sentence analysis they are analyzed as mudaf- فاضم and the
word
following
them-هيلإ
فاضم
[ file:///C:/Users/MSI/Downloads/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F-
28402-ru%20(2).pdf ].
3. Complex prepositions.
These consist of two or three words and express more complex relationships than the above
prepositions[ N.Ibrohimov. Arabic Grammar Book. 57-p. T-1997
].
لظل - in order to, on the way to;
يِ ليعس - in the way to, on the way to;
اِوخ ْم - in fear of ...;
فرصب راظنلا ىلإ - because of;
راظنلاب ىلإ - because of;
ةاضِ ْل - next to; near;
يِ ةاْل - during ...;
غدئاز - next to; near;
ةعساوب - by means of
تاجيتن ل - as a result
ِغلاب ْم - despite ...
These prepositions are connected to the basic auxiliaries such as فل ْم ىلإ يِ ب, forming complex
auxiliaries. We can see this in the examples given above.
In conclusion, prepositions in the Arabic language serve to connect words with others in a
sentence, and they perform a semantic function in addition to performing a syntactic function.
For example, they express place, reason, time, etc. As mentioned above, it also determines the
case of the word following it. Students studying the topic of prepositions should definitely study
this topic carefully, because the topic of prepositions in Arabic is considered grammatically
complex. By using prepositions correctly, it is possible to ensure the clarity of the idea being
expressed.
Volume 15 Issue 08, August 2025
Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass
418
References
1.N.Ibrahimov. Arabic grammar book. 55-p. T-1997
2.Abduhafiz Abdujabbarov. Arabic grammar textbook. 78-p. T-2005
3.N.Ibrahimov. Arabic grammar book. 56-p. T-1997
4.file:///C:/Users/MSI/Downloads/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F-
28402-ru%20(2).pdf
5.N.Ibrohimov. Arabic grammar book. 57-p. T-1997
