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DETERMINING THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL QUALITY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINES.
Karimkhodzhaev N.
Andijan State Technical Institute
Annotation.
The results of the conducted work on a comparative assessment of the toxicity of
emissions from motor vehicles under different climatic conditions and the influence of fuel
quality on the reliability of the vehicle are presented.
Keywords:
vehicle transport, fuel quality, operational reliability, toxicity of exhaust gases,
climatic conditions.
Introduction.
Over the past decade, the reliability of motor vehicles has significantly
increased, which is associated with a significant improvement in the quality of structural and
fuels and lubricants (FSM) [1, 2, 6,].
Internal combustion engines are the most popular consumers of fuel and
lubricants. During engine operation, the total costs calculated only for fuel are several times
higher than the engine's own cost. Consequently, irrational consumption and a decline in the
quality of GNP cause significant damage to the country's economy [5,6].
The main characteristics that determine the quality of fuel are its purity, i.e., the absence
of various organic and inorganic pollutants, and compliance with the requirements of EURO
standards in terms of environmental characteristics.
Many consumers believe that the octane rating of gasoline reflects its quality and
purity. At the same time, the octane number (OC) indicates only the resistance of gasoline to
spontaneous combustion during compression[11], and the name of the standard corresponding to
the type of fuel determines its environmental safety and purity. Thus, the Euro standard does not
depend on OS, but regulates the quantitative content of harmful compounds in exhaust gases of
automobile engines.
Europe was the first to begin environmental protection with a policy aimed at reducing
the amount of harmful substances in exhaust gases. For this purpose, the countries of the
European Union established the first Euro standard for automotive fuel, which appeared in
Europe in 1992, in Russia in 2005, and in
Result and discussion
. Uzbekistan in 2010. Since
then, there has been a systematic tightening of environmental requirements for fuel and vehicles.
Since 2015, Euro-6 standards have been observed in Europe. In accordance with these
requirements, the permissible amounts of harmful substances for gasoline and diesel fuel are
indicated in the following standards (Table 1).
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Table 1.Environmental quantity standards for Euro-6 fuel, g/km
Ejection composition
Engine type
Gasoline
Diesel
Carbon monoxide (CO)
1.0
0.5
Hydrocarbon (HC)
0.1
Nitrogen oxide (NO)
0.06
0.08
Solid Particles (SM)
0.005
0.005
Carbon and nitrogen oxides
(NC + NOx)
-
0.17
The ecological parameters of different gasolines differ in the composition and quantity of
harmful gases and substances released into the atmosphere during their combustion. The higher
the atomic number of gasoline (3, 4, 5, etc.), the higher the quality of the fuel, and its use causes
less harm to the environment, to the engine. For example, in Euro-5 gasoline, the amount of
sulfur in exhaust gases has been reduced by 3 times compared to Euro-4. The Euro-6 standard
sets 5-10 times lower norms for nitrogen oxide content in gases compared to aromatic
hydrocarbons.
Fuel produced according to European standards has better environmental properties than
conventional fuel, i.e., when using such fuel, the amount of exhaust gas smoke and harmful
emissions in combustion products is reduced[3].
The permissible amount of sulfur-containing substances in diesel fuel is strictly limited,
since their presence in the fuel exceeding the permissible norm negatively affects the
environmental situation and reduces engine life [1,3,4]. An increase in the amount of sulfur in
the fuel leads to the following consequences: an intensive increase in corrosive wear of parts of
the cylinder-piston group (Fig. 1), which reduces the reliability of the engine; carbon formation
and the formation of burns in the combustion chambers; a decrease in the overall efficiency of
fuel equipment and exhaust systems; severe environmental pollution, etc.
Table 2. Environmental standards for diesel fuel are Euro [6].
Indicators
Euro
2
Euro
3
Euro 4 Euro 5
Cetane number, not less than
53. 55.
55.
55.
Composition of sulfur compounds, mg/kg
500
350
50.
ten
CO content in gases, g/kWh
4.0
2.1.
1.5.
<1.5
Share of polycyclic hydrocarbons, %
5.
2.
2.
2.
Incension temperature,
o
S
55.
However, complete removal of sulfur compounds from the fuel is ineffective, since a
decrease in sulfur content below 0.35% leads to a deterioration in the lubricating properties of
diesel fuel, which leads to increased wear in the plunger and a decrease in the ability of the fuel
supply system to operate without fail (Fig. 1).
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Figure 1
. Wear of diesel engine cylinders depending on the amount of sulfur (S) in the fuel
-temperature of the cooling system 75 - 95
O
C
- cooling system temperature 33-35
O
C.
As noted in the following work, when using diesel fuel of the Euro standard, the average
NOx content decreases by 9%, CO - by 23%, CO
2
- by 12%, and soot - by 9% compared to
GOST 305-82.
The reliability, power, efficiency, and environmental safety of gasoline engines also
largely depend on the quality of the fuel used. When using low-quality gasoline, the starting and
heating of the engine deteriorate; disruptions in engine operation occur due to the formation of
vapor jams; fuel consumption increases, wear of cylinder-piston group parts accelerates, etc.
The above information allows us to draw the following conclusions:
1. The problem of environmental safety of road transport and reduction of harmful
emissions is the most important task of our time, the solution of which requires improvement of
engine design and improvement of fuel quality.
2. The quality of existing fuels has a decisive negative impact on the operational
reliability and environmental indicators of road transport.
List of used literature.
1. Karimkhodzhaev N., Almatayev T.O., Odilov Kh.R. Main causes causing wear of parts of
vehicles operating in various natural and climatic conditions // Universe: Technical Sciences:
electronic. scientific journal. 2020. No. 5 (74). URL: http://7universum.com/ru/.
2. Kamensky Yevgeny Nikolayevich, Buligin Yuriy Igorevich. Research on the technical,
environmental, and economic characteristics of internal combustion diesel engines based on
Euro-standard fuel. Text of a scientific article in the journal "Chemical Technology":
Bulletin of Donetsk State Technical University, 2009.
3. Kamerlocher, V.A. On the Toxicity of Internal Combustion Engines / V.A. Kamerlocher,
A.I. Osinsev, A.A. Belyayeva. - Text directly // Young Scholar. - 2015. - No 12.1 (92.1). - P.
33-36. - URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/92/17789/ (accessed: 14.09.2017).
4. Kramarenko G.V., Salimov A.Yu., Karimkhodzhaev N.T. Fuel Quality and Reliability of
Automobile Engines. - Tashkent. Science. 1992. - 126 p.
5.
FUEL
RATES
Euro
(comparative
description)
http://www.toplivoprodazha.ru/diztoplivo/diztoplivo-yeuro/
6.
Adding "Euro" fuel standards
