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ADVANTAGES OF CAR FUEL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HYDROGEN ENERGY
B. Akhmatohunov
Andijan State Technical Institute
Assistant of the Department of Transport Logistics
Annotation:
This article examines the advantages of developing the fuel system through the use
of hydrogen energy for automobiles. Hydrogen fuel is environmentally friendly, renewable, and
highly energy-efficient, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional fuels. The study
highlights the integration of hydrogen technologies into the automotive industry, their impact on
the environment, economic efficiency, and role in ensuring energy security. Global experience
and prospects of this technology are also analyzed. The article shows the possibilities of solving
fuel problems and forming a sustainable transport system through the introduction of hydrogen
energy.
Keywords:
Hydrogen, technology, transport, fuel
Introduction.
In recent years, energy products derived from hydrogen gas have been included in
the list of alternative energy sources. Since this sector, like other types of alternative energy
sources, has not received strong attention for years, currently there is no clear economically and
constructively acceptable mechanism for its acquisition and use.
First, let's clarify the following questions. What is hydrogen?
Hydrogen is a light gas that, when
burned, can produce several times more heat than the usual methane gas.
Hydrogen gas is
colorless and odorless. When combined with other types of chemicals, it does not form toxic
components. Not dangerous for the human div. Therefore, its use in the economy is very
important. Energy can be produced by oxidizing hydrogen, and as a result of this chemical
process, clean and environmentally safe drinking water is produced. Since it is possible to obtain
hydrogen again, hydrogen gas can be obtained and used indefinitely. A very important advantage
of hydrogen energy is that the efficiency of the hydrogen element has higher values compared to
all types of alternative energy sources. In a word, its efficiency reaches 60%. If we say that solar
power plants currently account for 20%, and wind power plants for 40%, then we know that it is
time to seriously engage in hydrogen energy, develop it, and intensify research on it. There is
another important reason for such a conclusion. That is, wind and solar power plants are highly
dependent on weather and climatic conditions, not always achieving the expected results.
Currently, hydrogen energy is mainly used in space exploration. However, if you think about it,
one of the most abundant elements in nature and the world is hydrogen. However, the technology
for obtaining it is more complex. More specifically, the technology of isolating hydrogen itself
from other substances is more challenging. Because, as is known from current scientific and
popular publications, there are three methods of hydrogen extraction: chemical, electrolytic, and
heat-chemical processing technologies. Among extraction technologies, one of the most effective
methods is the use of methane gas. If methane is combined with water vapor under high pressure,
a gas containing up to 75% hydrogen is formed. However, the complexity of this problem lies in
the large size of the device used to obtain hydrogen gas, and the transportation of methane gas is
also associated with problems [see Figure 1!]. If we try to obtain it by a simpler electrolysis
method, then it becomes necessary to use additional energy. The products obtained as a result of
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such technology are very inefficient and inexpedient. The fuel raw materials required for
hydrogen production currently do not meet demand due to their high cost. In conclusion, there
are currently major problems in using hydrogen energy, but considering that hydrogen itself is a
carrier of very large volumes of energy, we understand that scientists around the world face a
number of tasks.
Result and
discussion. Now let us dwell on what research and studies are being conducted on
these issues. Currently, a compact device using hydrogen is being used
by the company
Toshiba
at the H2One power plant. At this station, the electricity necessary for electrolysis is
generated by solar panels. Of course, in these structures, excess electrical energy obtained by
solar cells is stored using special batteries. This process prevents the risk of technological work
stoppage in unfavorable climatic conditions. The produced hydrogen is sent either directly for
energy production or for storage in special tanks. As a result, this station always has hydrogen
reserves. At this station, 2m3 of hydrogen is produced per hour, and 5m3 of water is consumed
for this purpose. The power of the device is 55 kW.
Figure 1.
Technology of obtaining and delivering hydrogen to the consumer.
According to information on social networks, Japan allocated $107.5 billion over 15 years for
the development of hydrogen energy (Fig. 2). Because this country is striving to improve science
and technology on the path to a faster transition to an economy that uses as few hydrocarbons as
possible. Currently, hydrogen is stored in gaseous, absorbed, and compressed gas states. If this
technology is developed, then it will be possible to meet the needs of villages and smaller cities
for hydrogen energy. This is done by trucks and trains, transported over short distances.
Currently, scientists face many problems. In this direction of hydrogen technology, its absorption
is considered more effective. With such works, French scientists were awarded the European
Inventor Award. They developed a technology for storing in solid "magnesium tablets."
Currently, Japan produces 2 million tons of hydrogen per year. This indicator will reach 12
million by 2040. Ga (within a year!) is expected. A profit of $2.5 trillion is expected from
hydrogen energy produced in such volumes.
Similar efforts exist in shipbuilding and maritime activities to utilize hydrogen energy. In
addition, some leading countries are used as fuel for trains in Germany. In the USA, a hydrogen-
powered passenger aircraft was tested for flying for 15 minutes. If a number of agreements and
contracts are implemented, by 2030 the volume of hydrogen energy here will reach 3.5 GW.
Figure 3 shows a diagram of the technology for obtaining energy from hydrogen for cars[1]. The
operating principle of the car's engine using this is as follows. At special filling stations, the
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vehicle's fuel tank is filled with compressed hydrogen. It enters the fuel cell, where the
membrane is located. The membrane separates the anode and cathode chambers in the chamber
where the anode and cathode are located. Hydrogen is introduced into the first, and oxygen is
introduced into the second through an air intake device. Each of the electrodes located on the
membrane is coated with a layer of catalyst. Platinum is used more often as a coating. It is also
necessary to take into account the high cost of this material. However, its electrophysical
properties are better compared to other materials. Due to the introduction of oxygen, hydrogen
begins to lose its negatively charged particles - electrons. It is at these moments that positively
charged protons arrive at the cathode through the membrane.
They can combine with electrons, releasing water vapor and electrical energy at the device's
output. In essence, such hydrogen-powered cars are similar to regular cars, but there is a
difference in their batteries. The capacity of a hydrogen storage battery is ten times greater than
that of a lithium-ion battery. A 5 kg cylinder is filled in 3 minutes, and this fuel is enough to
cover a distance of 500 km. As can be seen from this brief information, the possibilities of
hydrogen energy are invaluable. Therefore, physicists and young researchers should focus their
attention on research on obtaining and using hydrogen. A major positive shift in the energy
sector of Uzbekistan will depend on the development and widespread use of hydrogen energy.
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