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FITRAT'S VIEWS IN THE ETERNAL AND IMMORTAL
TONES OF LITERATURE
Bukhara State University
Faculty of Foreign Languages, 3rd-year student
Umarqulova Barchinoy Sherali qizi
Abstract:
This article provides detailed information about Abdurauf Fitrat’s
contribution to literature, literary principles, and the science of aruz. It scientifically
substantiates that Fitrat’s scholarly heritage serves as a strong foundation for
contemporary literature and presents remarkable examples.
Keywords:
literature, aruz, poetic system, art, treatise, rhyme, rhythmic
structure, style.
Аннотация:
В этой статье представлена подробная информация о вкладе
Абдурауфа Фитрата в литературу, литературных принципах и науке аруз. В
ней научно обосновано, что научное наследие Фитрата служит прочной
основой для современной литературы и представляет собой замечательные
примеры.
Ключевые слова:
Литература, аруз, поэтическая система, искусство,
трактат, рифма, ритмическая структура, стиль.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada Abdurauf Fitratning aruz adabiyoti, adabiy
tamoyillari va faniga qo'shgan hissasi haqida batafsil ma'lumot berilgan. Unda
Fitratning ilmiy merosi zamonaviy adabiyot uchun mustahkam asos bo'lib xizmat
qilishi va ajoyib misollar keltirishi ilmiy asoslangan.
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Kalit so'zlar:
Adabiyot, aruz, she'riy tizim, san'at, risola,
qofiya, ritmik tuzilish, uslub.
As
a
prominent
scholar of his time, Abdurauf Fitrat
conducted research in all fields of literary
studies. As a textologist, source scholar,
linguist, lexicographer, literary critic,
and theorist, he authored numerous
scientific treatises and articles, many of
whose conclusions still serve as a foundation for today’s research. Although
considerable time has passed, his studies remain scientifically significant.
As an expert in the science of poetry, Fitrat paid serious attention to poetics,
meter, and artistic expression in various studies and treatises. Issues concerning
poetry and poetical art, classical and national poetic systems, and their role in artistic
literature formed the core of his academic work. As a polymath of his time, Fitrat
conducted extensive research in the field of classical poetic theory. The scientific
conclusions derived from his studies remain relevant not only for his era but also for
modern literary studies.
Abdurauf Fitrat was a prominent thinker in Uzbek literature and literary theory,
and his views on aruz meter hold great significance. He regarded aruz as the primary
meter of Eastern poetry and conducted an in-depth analysis of its importance in
Uzbek literature. In his works, Fitrat not only elaborated on the theoretical
foundations of aruz but also focused on its practical application.
Another important aspect was that Fitrat was influenced by Western
philosophers, especially those who dealt with the themes of life, death and eternity,
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such as Nietzsche and Schopengauer. A comparative approach can
focus on how his ideas about immortality intersect with or diverge
from these philosophical traditions. It is also possible to place the
perspective of the Fitrats within the framework of Islamic
metaphysical views on the immortality of the soul. You can discuss
his attitude towards eternal life within the framework of Islamic mysticism
(mysticism) and its reflections in literature. According to Fitrat, aruz meter is one of
the key factors ensuring the rhythmic structure and melody of Uzbek and Eastern
poetry. Poems written in aruz possess a distinctive musicality and harmony,
enhancing their artistic expressiveness. He considered aruz not merely a technical
tool but a method for deepening meaning and intensifying the aesthetic impact of
poetry.
Although aruz meter was later regarded as outdated in the post-20th century
period, understanding its theoretical foundations remains crucial for studying the
history of literature and analyzing classical works. Contemporary scholars also
emphasize this viewpoint. Fitrat presented his ideas on this topic in his article
"Poetry and Poets" and his book "Literary Principles." Initially, he introduced these
concepts in "Poetry and Poets," later reinforcing them with concrete poetic examples
in "Literary Principles." His perspectives on aruz science were further elaborated in
his treatise "On Aruz."
There are numerous treatises on the science of poetry and the aruz system, but
Fitrat’s "On Aruz" holds a unique place. Alongside theoretical principles, the treatise
incorporates a scholarly and creative approach, the author’s style, comparative
analyses, and strong arguments. This is why the information in the treatise is
accessible not only to specialists but also to poets and readers. As Fitrat himself
stated, this scientific treatise was created to introduce aruz meter comprehensively
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and to bring discussions on the subject beyond a narrow circle of
experts, making it accessible for a wider academic audience.
While adhering to traditional approaches in employing aruz
meter in Uzbek poetry, Fitrat also emphasized the importance of
adapting it to the local literary environment. According to him, since
the Uzbek language possesses Turkic characteristics, it is essential to consider its
unique phonetic and morphological features when using aruz meter. This ensures
that aruz is applied naturally rather than artificially.
Although Fitrat highly valued aruz meter, he opposed treating it as an
unchangeable set of rigid rules. He acknowledged that, in some cases, the complex
rules of aruz could impose limitations on Uzbek poetry. Therefore, he explored the
possibility of creatively modifying aruz meter to better suit the needs of national
poetry.
Fitrat not only studied aruz theoretically but also composed poetry in this meter.
He referred to aruz as "the heart of Eastern poetry" and consistently emphasized its
importance in Uzbek literature.
Fitrat viewed aruz meter not just as a part of traditional poetry but as a system
with a strong scientific basis. He stressed the importance of studying and correctly
applying aruz. According to him, aruz is one of the key factors determining a poet’s
artistic mastery, and poems written in this meter exhibit a unique rhythm and
musicality. He also rejected the idea that aruz was merely borrowed from Persian-
Tajik literature, instead recognizing it as an integral part of Uzbek literary heritage.
Fitrat’s views on aruz also highlight its influence on national literature. He
acknowledged the significant role of poets who wrote in aruz throughout Uzbek
literary history and supported the continuation of this tradition. Moreover, he
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emphasized that aruz could still be used in modern literature and
conducted scientific research on adapting it to contemporary forms.
Fitrat’s perspectives on aruz meter played a crucial role in his
literary and theoretical work. He accepted aruz as an inseparable part
of Uzbek poetry while advocating for its adaptation to local literary
traditions and enrichment through creative approaches. At the same time, he
regarded aruz not merely as a structural tool but as a deeply expressive and
aesthetically powerful means of artistic expression. His ideas on this subject remain
relevant in Uzbek literary studies and poetry today.
REFERENCES:
1.
Fitrat, "Literary Principles." Tashkent, 1995.
2.
Fitrat, "On Aruz." Tashkent: O‘qituvchi, 1997.
3.
D. Quronov, "Introduction to Literary Studies." Tashkent, 2004, p. 56.
4.
The Theory of Literature, Volume 2. Tashkent, 1979, p. 349.
5.
Fitrat, "Selected Works." Tashkent: Ma'naviyat, 2009.
