INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PEDAGOGICAL REFORMS AND
THEIR SOLUTIONS
VOLUME 11, ISSUE 01, 2025
82
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LIVER PATHOLOGY IN CHRONIC
HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE
Rakhimov Khamidullo Odiljonovich
Assistant, Department of Pathological Physiology, Andijan State Medical Institute
Abstract:
The liver, as the central metabolic organ, is highly susceptible to toxic, infectious,
autoimmune, and metabolic insults. Chronic hepatocellular injury leads to progressive
pathological changes that disrupt normal architecture and function. This study aimed to
evaluate the histopathological features associated with chronic liver pathology, including
steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, and to correlate these changes with their clinical
significance.
Materials and Methods
Liver biopsy specimens from 35 patients with chronic hepatocellular injury (viral hepatitis B
and C, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) were analyzed. Routine
hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson trichrome, and reticulin staining were performed.
Histological grading included assessment of necroinflammation, fat accumulation, and fibrosis
stage according to the METAVIR scoring system.
Results
Early pathological changes included hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and mixed
inflammatory infiltrates in the portal tracts. Macrovesicular steatosis was common in metabolic
liver injury, while interface hepatitis predominated in viral cases. Progressive perisinusoidal
and portal collagen deposition led to bridging fibrosis and the formation of regenerative nodules,
characteristic of cirrhosis. Cholestasis and ductular proliferation were observed in advanced
stages.
Discussion
Histopathological assessment demonstrated that chronic hepatocellular injury follows a
continuum from reversible cellular damage to irreversible architectural remodeling. The
accumulation of extracellular matrix in portal and pericentral zones disrupts sinusoidal blood
flow and promotes portal hypertension. These changes emphasize the importance of early
detection and antifibrotic therapies to prevent progression to cirrhosis and hepatic failure.
Conclusion
Liver pathology in chronic hepatocellular injury is defined by a sequence of cellular and
stromal alterations culminating in fibrosis and cirrhosis. Comprehensive histological evaluation
provides critical diagnostic and prognostic information, guiding clinical management and
treatment strategies.
