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THEORETICAL ISSUES OF FORMATION OF EDUCATION BASED ON
NATIONAL VALUES
Safiyeva Shohista Shuhrat qizi
Asia Internation University Faculty of Social
Sciences and Technology Master’s degree in
pedagogy and psychology student
Annotation.
This article describes the role and importance of pedagogical-psychological
features of the influence of national values in the process of education. Analysis of the concept of
national values and its theoretical foundations, concepts of the forms of manifestation of values
in the process of education are also presented.
Key words:
Education, upbringing, pedagogy, psychology, national value, tradition,
heritage, national consciousness, national revival, national pride.
Introduction:
In the world, the search for the development of high spiritual qualities is
interpreted as the quintessence of pure human relations. The socio-pedagogical
nature of the phenomenon of spirituality is manifested in ensuring human
perfection and uniting people in the path of good. The spirituality factor relies on
both rational and irrational foundations to achieve humanistic goals. Moderation of
the negative factors that can affect the spiritual and spiritual maturity of a person,
technocratic processes and other events occurring in the society as a result of
technical development, puts further improvement of the effectiveness of spiritual
and educational work on the agenda. In the world's leading higher education
institutions and scientific centers, research is being conducted on improving the
philosophy, methodological and methodical foundations of spiritual education of
young people, and developing criteria and levels of its objective assessment. After
the independence of our country, the necessary conditions were created for the
restoration of national values created by our ancestors, the popularization of
forgotten traditions and their in-depth study. After all, paying special attention to
ancient customs, traditions and rituals of the people of Uzbekistan is one of the
important urgent problems of the present day, when the process of spiritual revival
is accelerating. Because educating students in a new spirit, deeply instilling the
ideas of national independence into their minds, widely promoting the essence of
values created by our ancestors, understanding the essence of traditions and
ceremonies, explaining them more deeply, especially to students, is considered one
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of the effective means of spreading the ideology of national independence among
the youth.
It is known that national values emdiv the high ideals of humanity as a
component of human spirituality from time immemorial. "Especially, it should be
emphasized that our sacred values have been a powerful factor in keeping a deep
place in the hearts of our people, understanding the meaning of life, preserving our
national culture and way of life, religion, customs and traditions." Formation of
ideological immunity of students based on the restoration of national and national
values, their study and promotion, researching how to influence the development
of youth spiritual culture is one of the important tasks of today.
The issue of youth spirituality has been one of the important directions facing
mankind since the early stages of society's development. After all, from the
philosophers of the ancient world to the researchers of the present time, they have
been conducting research on the education of mankind in general, and the
development of youth in particular, making a significant contribution to this issue.
The ancient Chinese thinker Confucius, Greek philosophers Democritus, Plato,
Herodotus, Aristotle and others considered the perfection of the individual as an
important issue for the development of society. In particular, according to
Aristotle's point of view, as important as socio-economic changes are for the
development of society, the education of citizens is no less.
The main part
The spiritual role of teachers is important in providing education and training
to young people who are able to strengthen their independence, who have matured
in all respect, who can adapt to the living conditions set before them by society,
who can feel a sense of responsibility before the state, society and family. In the
current period, increasing the efficiency of education, developing the level of
competence of specialists, directing pedagogic personnel to innovative activities,
applying innovative education and information and communication technologies to
the educational process in higher education institutions, assimilation of advanced
foreign experiences and targeted orientation were identified as urgent tasks in the
modernization of the higher education system. Education is a key factor in
reforming society and making it more open to the outside world and oriented
toward new technologies and knowledge.
In the organization and management of the educational process, professional
training of teachers, that is, their knowledge, coordination of students activities and
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providing education on the basis of national values, in ensuring the effectiveness of
the pedagogical process, is of great importance. To work successfully, every
teacher must have high pedagogical skills and a broad worldview. At a time when
education of the young generation has risen to the question arises whether what we
are doing for the education of young people is enough, whether we are able to
educate them based on the national values defined in the development strategy.
Unfortunately, it is difficult to give a positive answer to this question. After all, the
actions of local educational institutions alone are not enough in the field of child
education. At a time when the whole world is developing at a rapid pace, the role
of social networks and Internet pages, various advertisements on the streets is
becoming important in the upbringing of children and the development of the
young generation.
Values are one of the most important factors that reflect the past, present and
future of each nation like a mirror. Scholars divide values into a number of types,
such as national, religious, local, regional, and universal. As a result of different
attitudes towards socio-historical events occurring in the society, along with the
formation of people’s outlook, lifestyle, mentality, national values also improve.
National values include the language, customs, history, culture, traditions, all
material and spiritual wealth, all aspects of economic, socio-economic life of each
nation. That is why values reflect the spiritual image of nations. Our national
values are known to everyone, and people who are close to us gradually become
our relatives. We call the customs, traditions, holidays, language, religion,
literature and culture samples and various rituals of such a people, which make up
the meaning of their life. With the emergence of humanity, its language, customs,
traditions, religion, culture, and moral qualities representing goodness have
appeared.
Education and training is a product of consciousness, but at the same time it is
a factor that determines the level of consciousness and its development. Mint
cannot be changed without changing the education system. Today, when it comes
to the educations of the young generation, we should not forget the need to use our
ancient traditions and methods og education. It is known that a person does not
become a believer by himself. Faith in a person is formed as a result of deep
mastering the basics of sciences related to the development of nature and society,
analyzing and summarizing the acquired knowledge and great life experiences to
understand the truth and existence and make it beautiful. Also, scientific and
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artistic conferences held at the initiative of teachers of educational institutions have
a positive effect on the education of students. It should also be noted that
introducing students to ancient monuments, historical and literary museums is of
great importance for their spiritual and educational education. For example,
Samarkand is a city of ancient monuments. Along with introducing students to the
history of the city, madrasahs, Mirza Ulugbek observatory, positive results will be
achieved if some history and literature lessons are held directly against the
background of these immortal monuments, the spiritual heritage to us by our
ancestors. This will help to conduct education and upbringing together.
Values can be universal, national and personal:
1) Values that express the most important aspects and relationships of the world,
nature and society have a universal character. Such values are universal eternal
values that do not lose their importance;
2) Values related to the life, lifestyle, language, culture, customs and traditions,
past and future of a certain people, nation, people are national values;
3) Values related to a person, his activity, lifestyle, faith, meaning of life, manners,
beauty are personal values.
X. Kadirova in her article entitled "The role of national values and spiritual
heritage in the life of the society": "The people of Uzbekistan rely on universal and
national values. One does not negate the other. It lists the following as national
values:
1. The priority of the spirit of living as a community in the life of our people;
2. The main idea in the mind of the people is to be a friend and a good neighbor, to
live in peace and harmony, in close cooperation;
3. Sacred knowledge of the concepts of family, neighborhood, country, homeland;
4. Show high respect to parents, community groups, leaders, respect the whole
society;
5. To instill love for the mother tongue as the immortal soul of the nation, the life-
giving source of the nation's spirituality, to love it;
6. To follow the rule of respect to elders and honor to children;
7. To show respect to the female race, that is, to value a woman who is the symbol
of love, beauty and sophistication;
8. Patience and diligence;
9. Honesty implies kindness.
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In our research, Tillaeva G., Yusupov Q., Boboev N., Khaldibekova F., Yusupov
A. In the book "Factors and means of personal spirituality formation" written by
1. Commitment to universal values;
2. To strengthen and develop the spiritual level of our people;
3. A person can freely demonstrate his capabilities
4. Patriotism, humanitarianism, tolerance - it can be seen that it is necessary to pay
more attention to the directions of educational work among young people based on
our national values and to strengthen the role of neighborhood, family, community,
and educational institutions in propaganda work.
The authors approach values and their types as follows:
• Family value - a certain type of spirituality for a family (for example, celebrating
a birthday);
• National value - to carefully preserve the spiritual wealth and unique historical
monuments of the nation created over the centuries, to pass them on to future
generations, to develop them, to treat them with respect, to establish the freedom of
bigotry, conscience and religion, to protect spiritual property as a national value;
• Community value - some social event (public events, for example, hashar) is a
tradition in a certain neighborhood, village, work community;
• Universal value - a set of material, cultural and criteria goals and aspirations that
are of positive importance for the peoples of the world and correspond to the
common interests of mankind. Universal values and national spirituality, in turn,
the spirituality of the Islamic nations, the spirituality of the Indian nations, the
spirituality of the European nations, and the spirituality of the Eastern nations are
covered as follows;
Spirituality of Islamic peoples - Arab peoples, Persian-speaking peoples, Turkic
peoples;
• Spirituality of European nations - Russian, English, French spirituality, etc.;
• The spirituality of Indian peoples - the spirituality of Aryan peoples, the
spirituality of the Dravidian peoples;
• Spirituality of Eastern peoples - Japanese spirituality, Chinese spirituality.
Various forms of values, material, spiritual, national, regional, universal,
economic, social, political, cultural, moral, religious, legal, etc. In particular,
national value is manifested in an inextricable connection with the nation's history,
way of life, spirituality and culture.
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Universal values represent the goals and aspirations of a set of material,
cultural and criteria that are compatible with the common interests of humanity,
which have positive significance for the peoples of the world.
Indifference to events, non-interference in the work of society, indifference to
one's own perspective and destiny limits the human potential of any person, an
active life position ceases, mental brokenness, spiritual depression, dependence
and muteness take deep root in a person, as a result, mentally handicapped, a
society of spiritually disabled people can be formed. Any person who has the
qualities of political and legal maturity and ideological combativeness shows
himself as a person who is free from such vices and has his own place and position
in society. Such a citizen will be spiritually strong, morally sound, and have a high
level of education, who can preserve and protect himself, his life, his family, and
the entire society, and he will have the potential to develop it. Every person is a
special and unique value, an individual reality. And the homeland is more valuable
than him. Because each person is a value for himself, and the Motherland is the
highest value related to the entire nation, the people, its entire past and future.
That's why it's above all else. Ideological-ideological combativeness is the savior
and protector of individual and common values, and should become a feeling of
ideological combativeness.
The history of the subject of values, its roots and the formation of principles
of human values have a long history. In this regard, Western scholars rely mainly
on European cultural heritage and ideas, and mention the names of many scholars.
The formation of the science of axiology (aksio - value, logos - teaching) in the
West, which deals with values, is a certain basis for their views. We do not doubt
that this subject, to which Socrates and Plato, Aristotle and Hegel paid great
attention, has its own history in Western philosophy. But this topic is not alien to
the ancient and modern East, especially Uzbekistan! Searching for its deepest
aspects not only from the West, but also from the East is probably not without
benefits. There are traces of this theme in the works of thinkers such as Khorezmi,
Farabi, al-Bukhari, al-Termizi, Beruniy, Ibn Sino, Najmuddin Kubra, Yassaviy,
Naqshband, Ulug'bek, Navoi, Mashrab, Bedil, Behbudiy, Avloniy, whose names
are forever etched in the history of our civilization. the edges are open. It is a
matter of finding these traces, not forgetting them, polishing them, and interpreting
them objectively from the point of view of contemporary realities.
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The history of the evaluation criteria created by our generations and
ancestors goes back to the oldest tales, legends, stories, epics, that is, samples of
folk oral creativity. In the works about Spitamen, Muqanna and Jaloliddin
Manguberdi, legends and epics about Alpomish, To'maris and Shiroq, many
universal values are described, such as patriotism, sacrifice for the freedom of the
people and the country. A bright example of our spiritual heritage - "Avesta" is the
holy book of Zoroastrianism, in which the value system of this religion, criteria of
appreciation, and national ideas of that time are vividly expressed.
Among the forms of manifestation of values, which are important factors of
education, there are also those that retain their importance and positive
characteristics. These are the vitality of the human div, life and life, health, work,
knowledge, behavior. they will keep their social importance as long as there are
people and society. Unfortunately, their opposite disease, meaningless life,
ignorance, etc. are also companions of historical processes. As long as there is life
- death, as existence is the greatest thing - absence, as man is a living being -
illness, as long as the purpose of living is a meaningful life - as some meaningless
steps, one of the necessary conditions for living is knowledge and understanding -
as long as there is ignorance, the desire for progress - decline and others will
always haunt mankind. The importance of the above positive values is also
determined in relation to aspects that are opposite to them. Teaching the inner and
outer aspects of such axiological connections is of great importance in the
formation of mature spiritual feelings in young people, especially students and
pupils. Any society, socio-historical units (clan, tribe, nation, people, nation),
social subjects, etc. will have their own value system. In this system of values,
non-basic values form a certain series, manifested in different situations. A certain
period of development of society or a country has such a system of values, which
serves as a general criterion for the people of that period, society and state, and
their activities. Each socio-historical unit, class and party also operate on the basis
of such a system of values, use them or use different methods to achieve them.
When determining the importance of this or that value, it is necessary not to forget
that such systems exist, and not to forget what position it has for a period, social
unit, field, process, etc. At first glance, the forms of values seem innumerable and
extremely chaotic. In fact, there is an amazing harmony in humanity, universe,
nature and society. Forms of value are also corresponding to them in such a
harmony, legal connection, general connection. In such a case, in their
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classification, things, events, phenomena, processes in nature and society appear
on a certain scale, and forms of value appear in connection with them. In space and
time, these objects of value appear as a form of existence, an aspect, a part of
reality, the most important aspects of things in the world and the environment. in
this sense, the forms of values that are universal, universal and regional and related
to a small area or place. can be shown. In this case, the dialectic of generality,
particularity and individuality appears in the form of the interaction of modern
terms "global", "zonal" and "local" objects of value.
It is extremely important to teach the basics of modern axiology, that is,
value science, which is a set of knowledge about the sense of value and
appreciation, the category of values, their essence, content, and forms of
manifestation, in the education and formation of young people, especially students
and pupils, as representatives of a spiritually mature generation. For this reason,
one of the main criteria of educational effectiveness is the use of knowledge fields
that summarize the achievements of the entire humanity in terms of values.
Summary
Every people, nation has its own national and universal priceless treasures on
the stage of world culture. Especially among them, values are considered an
incomparable treasure. After all, this treasure is characterized by the fact that it is a
solid foundation for the aesthetic thinking and spiritual potential of future
generations. Values are a product of socio-historical development, an important
factor of the spiritual maturity of society, and when we describe it, we see that it is
a philosophical-sociological concept used to show the universal, universal, social-
ethical, cultural-spiritual significance of certain events in reality. A deep and
comprehensive study of the values established in our society has important
scientific and practical importance for a deep understanding of the social and
political events taking place in the world today. Many philosophers have tried to
illuminate values within the requirements and possibilities of their time by
approaching them from an ontological, epistemological and heuristic point of view,
depending on their place in the life and development of society. Values are
considered an important factor in knowing the world and changing it practically,
and are the product of the spiritual maturity of a person. Values are formed directly
on the ground of human intelligence and arise as a result of practical activities. It
can be said that, first of all, the person himself is the highest value. Indeed, the
structure and rational aspects of value are not always considered by the general
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public. When we study values, we always see that they are the product of rational
thinking and activity of people. Anything created by man can be of value if it is
positive for humanity. It occurs through the rational and purposeful activity of
people. Past values, masterpieces of science and culture constitute the nation's
invaluable cultural heritage. Today, it is one of the most important tasks to
scientifically study the foundations of our great culture, the stages of its creation
and development, as well as to determine its characteristics. It is important to know
the place and essence of values in the national education system, to believe in
them, to be devoted to them, to form a sense of national pride, patriotism, national
unity and solidarity in people, including young people, and to perfect the qualities
of humanity, honesty, hard work, and moral purity. All types of values are
considered to be a means for a person to live freely, achieve spiritual and moral
maturity and lead a prosperous life.
List of references:
1.
Karimov I.A. High spirituality is an inexhaustible power. - T.: "Spirituality",
2008. Page 36.
2.
Aristotle.
Metaphysics.–M.:
1934
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3.
Marginoniy B. "Al-Hidaya", volume 1. T; 2001; See also "Hidaya", UzME,
vol. 11. T; 2005. B. 326 Koshifi V.H. Morality is Muhsini. – T; UzME, 2010.
Ziyamuhammadov B. A perfect book. – T; "TURON-IQBOL" publishing
house, 2006. P.73. Encyclopedia of education. -T; "National Encyclopedia of
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