Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
47
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
47-54
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
If we pay attention to the history of the development of countries in the world economy, they have experienced
several economic crises during their development. The economic crises of the 1930s, the financial and economic crisis
that began in 2008, and the coronavirus pandemic that began in early 2020 required the reconstruction and
modernization of the world economy. This, in turn, made all countries realize the need to digitize their economies,
and in several countries the mechanisms of the digital economy began to be developed.
KEYWORDS
“Social 5.0” “Smart (intelligent) society” “Smart (intelligent) city” “Smart (intelligent) villages” Digital platform e
-
commerce “Digital revolution” Robot
-drone Robot-assistant Robot-consultant Robot-programmer online freelance
marketplaces.
INTRODUCTION
The digitization of the economy required the
development of inclusive development paths and the
improvement of existing ones. This, in turn, led to the
development of an information society, the Japanese
g
overnment established a new digital society “Social
5.0”. These are issues of implementing the ideas of
Research Article
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION TRENDS OF
FREELANCING ACTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY INDICATORS
Submission Date:
December 01, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 06, 2024,
Published Date:
December 11, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/Volume04Issue12-05
Lutpidinov Shukhrat Zakirdzhanovich
Senior Lecturer (PhD) of the Department of Green Economy and Sustainable Business, Namangan State
University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmef
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
48
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
47-54
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
creating a new “Smart (intelligent) society” by
changing people’s life activities, connecting them with
digital technologies, and giving digital technologies a
greater role in socio-economic development. In 2020-
2021, the Japanese government began work on large-
scale projects, namely the construction of “Smart
(smart) cities”, “Smart (smart) villages”, and the
convenience of these is that all processes and socio-
economic development are fully based on digital
technologies. Such actions began to be implemented
in many developed countries, and a digital economy
based on digital technologies began to be developed.
The period of crises mentioned above accelerated
these processes even more. For this reason, various
international organizations, along with the attention
paid in recent years to the development of digital
technologies, are conducting research on many
current problems and ways to overcome them.
METHODOLOGY
In the economies of several countries, opportunities
have been created to reduce the impact of crises
caused by the pandemic by several times using digital
technologies.
Much attention has been paid to the use of artificial
intelligence (AI) in the reform of the healthcare system
and in other areas. Digital technologies based on
artificial intelligence began to be widely used. The
Internet was widely used, communication was carried
out in the form of video conferences. Distance learning
and e-commerce were introduced in the field of
education. At the same time, various digital platforms
began to develop.
In 2020, global economic growth fell by 4% due to the
pandemic”
[1. Digital technologies are playing a key
and decisive role in the fight against the pandemic, and
the aim is to stimulate the development of e-
commerce, among other areas, the digitization of
business sectors.
The above-mentioned contraction in the global
economy, in turn, can be attributed to factors such as
the existence of problems with internet connectivity,
the novelty of the elements of the digital economy and
their lack of familiarity with the general public. The
gender composition of the population and the
differences between urban and rural residents can be
cited as reasons for the problems in using digital
platforms.
Today, a total of 5.07 billion people worldwide use the
internet
–
equivalent to 63.5% of the world’s population
–
and internet users continue to grow, with the latest
figures showing that the world’
s connected population
grew by more than 170 million in the 12 months to
October 2022. Social media usage also continues to
grow, with the total number of global users reaching
4.74 billion in October 2022. This equates to 59.3% of all
people on Earth and means that over 93% of internet
users now use social media every month2.
Thus, the gross added value created in the service
sector in the "information and communication" sector
increased from 2.4 trillion soums in 2016 to 8.8 trillion
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
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2771-2257)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
47-54
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
soums in 2021, and the volume of services provided in
the "information and communication" type of
economic activity doubled, from 6.3 trillion soums to
12.9 trillion soums.
The
development
of
the
information
and
communication technologies sector was facilitated by
the growth of investments in fixed assets in the
“information and communication” type of activity,
which in 2016-2021 from 1.2 trillion soums to 4.8 trillion
soums, including a 4-fold increase in volume3. This, in
turn, increased the number of people communicating
with digital technologies, created a competitive
environment between them, and created a new kind of
competition between telecommunications operators.
All this led to the development of new types of
activities. According to the Secretary-General of the
Unit
ed Nations, António Guterres, the “Digital
Revolution” has fundamentally changed human work
and life, and new technologies serve to ensure the
sustainable development of the world economy,
moving towards new goals. The digital economy is
presenting cybersecurity challenges to the global
economy, with a digital shadow economy flourishing in
countries with weak digital technologies.”4]
In order to overcome these problems, rapid
development of the field of digital technologies is
required in all countries. At the same time, it is
necessary to reduce internet tariffs and fully provide
internet systems in all countries.
A key role in the digital economy requires extensive use
of information technology, and the definition of the
Internet is inextricably linked to its speed. In 2002, 100
gigabytes per second, 2000 gigabytes in 2000, and
46,000 gigabytes in 2017 were reached, and by 2022, it
was predicted to reach 150,700 gigabytes per second
[5.
Acceleration of this process, in turn, creates
technological progress. In this, positive results will be
achieved through the wide use of digital technologies
and resources, and the implementation of economic
and social reforms. New technologies are produced
through artificial intelligence, and thus additional
potentials are used. In the information society, digital
infrastructures are built with the help of digital
technologies. At the same time, new economic security
is emerging through the creation of new digital
technologies.
Internet access by households in countries of the world
is more than 90% mainly in developed countries, only in
Estonia 90%, in Korea and Japan 99%, in Great Britain
95%, in Germany, Finland 94%, in Sweden 92%, in France
89%, 87% in Canada, 86% in the Czech Republic, 84% in
the USA and Italy, and 77% in Russia reached 6.
Information on such Internet access is provided,
prepared in the cross-section of households by country
of the world.
It can be seen from the data that Internet usage is 96%
in the Republic of Korea and Japan, 95% in Great Britain,
92% in Germany and Sweden, 81% in Russia and 74% in
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
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VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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47-54
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Italy. These indicators were studied among the 16-74-
year-old population. The research conducted in 2020
was conducted among 13 countries of the world. Thus,
64.8% of the population access the Internet via mobile
devices, 11.4% via a laptop or netbook, and 8.9% via
tablets. entry was observed7.]
Most of the world's population uses the Internet via
mobile phones, and many mobile applications and
mobile electronic programs are being developed. With
the widespread use of such opportunities, new
innovative forms and forms of self-employment are
emerging, which is why the development and
formation of freelance activities, which are being
studied, is in turn related to the quality levels of the
Internet, mobile phones, tablets, laptops and
netbooks.
Information on access to the Internet using mobile
phones in countries around the world is provided, and
it can be seen that in the Republic of Korea, 96% of the
population access the Internet via mobile devices, 39%
of the population of Italy and Japan access the Internet
via mobile devices, and in the USA, 47% of the
population uses Internet systems via mobile devices.
This figure is around 64-68% in France, Estonia, Russia,
the Czech Republic, and 79-74% in Germany, the United
Kingdom, and Finland [8.
The main reason for the separate analysis of this
indicator is that these mobile devices are always in
front of a person and extend the period of activity in
Internet systems. Due to the inconvenience of carrying
other devices, the population of countries with a low
indicator has a limited period of activity on the Internet
or they can use the Internet at work or at home, which
reduces their periods of activity on the Internet.
Countries with an advantage in this indicator have the
opportunity to constantly be online. From the data in
Figure 5, it can be understood that it is possible to
determine statistical data on the search for work by the
population through Internet resources. The highest
indicator was observed in Finland, where 31% of the
population searched for work online in 2020, while in
Sweden it was 29%, in Russia 8%, and in the Czech
Republic 6% of the population searched for a suitable
job online.
In countries with high indicators, it is possible to find a
job through virtual platforms, and information about
job vacancies is provided on Internet resources, or in
countries with low indicators, the virtual system is
poorly developed and the possibility of finding a job
through the Internet is low or no information is
provided at all.]
The data suggests that it is possible to determine
statistical data on the population's search for work
through online sources. The highest rate was observed
in Finland, where 31% of the population searched for
work online in 2020, while in Sweden it was 29%, in
Russia 8%, and in the Czech Republic 6% of the
population searched for a suitable job online [9. In
countries with high rates, it is possible to find work
through virtual platforms, where information about
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
51
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
47-54
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
job vacancies is provided on online sources, or in
countries with low rates, where the virtual system is
poorly developed and the possibility of finding work
online is low or not provided at all. The data in Figure 5
shows the level of convenience of countries due to the
development of digital technologies, the high level of
development of these digital platforms, the
abundance of information in them and the ability of
those seeking the necessary information to find the
necessary information, the ease of finding a job
through virtual platforms, and the absence of
unnecessary hassle.
An analysis of the orders placed by the population via
the Internet in the world by youth is presented,
according to which the age group that makes the most
orders via the Internet is 25-34 years old, but the group
that makes the most orders via the Internet is 65-74
years old. From this it can be understood that the
population between the ages of 25-34 can freely
communicate with mobile devices, understand
software tools and digital platforms,
while the population between the ages of 65-74 slowly
absorbs innovations, and reasons such as health
problems limit their activities in this area.
From this it can be concluded that the main factor in
using the Internet, communicating with digital
technologies, searching for necessary information
through digital platforms is the age factor.
Representatives of the elderly population face many
difficulties in working with these systems.
Figure 7 presents information on the tasks performed
by owners of digital professions. Robot-assistant helps
people with household chores, and this figure is 66%
worldwide. Robot-drones are used to deliver products
to the population and carry out sales and purchases
from stores, this figure is 62%. Robot-consultants are
used to provide legal advice to the population, and this
figure is 53%, and robot-assistants help the population
with personal affairs, and its figure is 44%.
A robot programmer drives cars and performs various
programming tasks, a robot surgeon is used in delicate
operations in the medical field, and a robot educator
helps in raising and caring for children in kindergartens.
From this table, it can be concluded that the range of
areas and professions related to freelance activities is
expanding, which in turn indicates the need for new
research and scientific research.]
Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial
Revolution, the self-employment and labor sectors,
like all other sectors, are undergoing significant
structural changes. Therefore, it is necessary to take
such changes into account in all studies.
Data on the business digitization index for some
countries of the world are provided. The highest level
of the business digitization index was observed in
Finland, with a score of 50 points, and no low level was
observed, while the lowest level was observed in
Romania, with a score of 25 points. Belgium, Japan, and
the Netherlands had high scores, while Poland had 31
points, Russia had 31 points, and Turkey had 33 points.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
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2771-2257)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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47-54
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In developed countries, the difference between low
and high levels of business digitization is not high, but
low levels are observed in Eastern Europe and Russia.
In conclusion, it can be said that in order to increase the
business digitization index, it is necessary to first create
digital platforms and build digital infrastructures. By
digitizing all processes, the human factor is reduced.
This creates many conveniences, saves time and
money for the population.
The data shows that wireless Internet
in 2017 was 85.3%, in 2020 it was 89.5%, broadband
Internet was 78.9% in 2017, in 2020 it was 86%, access
through servers was 53.8% in 2017, in 2020 it was 59.9%,
and access through websites was 41.4% in 2017, in 2020
it was 48.7%. The use of ICT by business entities is
mainly carried out via wireless internet, and broadband
internet with a speed of 100 Mbps is
9.1% in 2017, 9% in 2018, 9.3% in 2019, and 10.4% in 2020
worldwide, with a small percentage of business
entities using this internet resource.
In conclusion, it can be said that high-level use is mainly
carried out via wireless internet, broadband internet,
and stationary servers. Such an increase in the level of
internet use, in turn, leads to the formation of forms of
digitization in the activities of other sectors.
From the data, it can be understood that broadband
internet is widely used in some developed countries,
while Finland has a 100% internet usage rate, while
Russia has 90% internet usage and 86% broadband
internet usage, while Mexico has an 80% internet usage
rate. In conclusion, it should be noted that we can
observe that broadband internet usage rates are
increasing year by year in most countries of the world.
nformation on the use of RFID technologies is
provided, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
technologies are technologies that automatically
identify objects and work on the basis of radio
signals[11. RFID tags are placed, work through
software applications. RFID tags are microcircuits that
store a lot of data and wirelessly transmit information.
Internal circuits scan the RFID tag, process the data.
Every year, objects are automatically identified, Radio
Frequency IDentification conducts financial audits of
organizations, controls the automation of production
processes, logistics shipments, and monitors future
activities. Radio Frequency IDentification works on the
basis of “familiar
-
alien” radar algorithms and
automatically searches for radio waves.
Conclusion: Information is provided on the current
state of freelancers in countries around the world, the
development of the world economy based on digital
technologies. At the same time, the development of an
information society aims to develop innovative and
creative freelance activities as a result of the
development of an information society. An
information society is developed through the
development of inclusive development paths,
digitalization of the economy, and information on the
development of a new digital society “Social 5.0”. The
problems of changing people’s lives, connecting them
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
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ISSUE
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AGES
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47-54
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
with digital technologies, and creating a new “Smart
(intelligent) society
” by giving digital technologies a
greater role in socio-economic development are
developed. During the pandemic, attention is paid to
digital technologies based on the use of artificial
intelligence (AI) for the virtual development of
economic sectors. The results of the business
digitization index in countries around the world are
presented and a group of countries with the highest,
middle, and low levels of the business digitization
index is developed. In freelance work, RFID
technologies (RFID in English refers to technologies
that automatically identify objects, operating on the
basis of radio signals) are used to automatically identify
objects by placing RFID tags, developing software
applications, storing a lot of data, and wirelessly
transmitting
information.
Radio
Frequency
IDentification
has
developed
scientific
recommendations for creating digital platforms that
work on the basis of “familiar
-
alien” radar algorithms
and automatically search for radio waves.
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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:
47-54
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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