International Journal of Law And Criminology
20
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijlc
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue07 2025
PAGE NO.
20-24
10.37547/ijlc/Volume05Issue07-05
The Socio-Legal Significance and Necessity of
Integrating Information Technologies into Judicial
Practice
Karomatjon Davletova
Independent Researcher, Academy of Law Enforcement of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Received:
16 May 2025;
Accepted:
12 June 2025;
Published:
14 July 2025
Abstract:
This article examines the socio-legal significance and necessity of introducing information technologies
into judicial activities. It also reviews proposals and opinions presented in legal literature on this topic, and
analyzes the legislative experience of foreign countries.
Keywords:
Judicial activities, transparency, information technologies, legal foundations, improvement.
Introduction:
In recent years, our country has
implemented comprehensive reforms aimed at
strengthening judicial independence and transforming
the courts into truly independent institutions that serve
to reliably protect the rights and freedoms of citizens.
All these efforts are a practical reflection of citizens'
constitutional rights to judicial protection, which are
firmly enshrined in the newly revised Constitution and
current legislation.
It is well known that economic courts in our country
play a significant role in ensuring the stability and
transparency of business relations and resolving
economic
disputes.
Currently,
the
increasing
complexity of economic relations and the growing
volume of court cases demand the improvement of
procedures for conducting economic litigation and the
use of more effective tools for reviewing and resolving
cases in court. From this perspective, the introduction
of modern information technologies into judicial
activities is seen as an effective solution and is
recognized as an integral part of judicial and legal
reforms.
At a meeting held on February 27, 2025, under the
leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, measures
to further improve the judiciary and increase the level
of openness and digitalization were discussed.
According to a presentation by the Chairperson of the
Supreme Court, the concept of a “Digital Court” will be
implemented with the aim of completely abandoning
paper-based procedures in legal proceedings. For this
purpose, an Information Technology Center will be
established under the Supreme Court. This center will
be responsible for developing the necessary
information systems and software products for courts,
introducing artificial intelligence, and ensuring
information security. Electronic data exchange
between courts and business entities will be organized,
resulting in faster case reviews.
As a result of the development of the integration of
information technologies into judicial activities,
Professor Z.N. Esanova notes that new scientific
concepts are expected to emerge in the judicial system
and the scientific basis of procedural law. These include
terms such as “electronic appeal,” “electronic justice,”
“electronic
address,”
“electroni
c
information
exchange,” and “unified portal of interactive
government services.” These terms will reveal new
priority directions in the field and create a need for
further scientific research.
When examining the issue of implementing modern
information technologies into the judicial system more
deeply, it becomes necessary to analyze terms such as
“electronic justice” and “judicial informatization”, and
to determine the relationship between them.
It is worth noting that today the informatization of
courts has become a stable concept, referring to a
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International Journal of Law And Criminology (ISSN: 2771-2214)
comprehensive process that includes the design,
implementation, and use of information systems within
the judicial system to increase its efficiency.
Practitioners also regard the informatization of judicial
systems through the introduction of modern
information technologies as one of the most effective
tools in the world today for achieving fair justice and
increasing its quality and transparency.
As noted by legal scholar Y.G. Prosvirin, “Judicial
informatization constitutes a complex organizational,
socio-economic, and scientific-technical process
directed at establishing optimal conditions to fulfill the
information requirements of judicial institutions.”
Indeed, the process of informatisation includes
equipping the courts with special technical and
information resources, which contributes to the full
performance of their duties.
In addition, informatization of the judicial system helps
expand the practice of resolving disputes both before
and outside the courtroom, helps prevent conflicts, and
fills gaps in citizens' legal knowledge. In turn, this
enables citizens to more effectively protect their rights.
he informatization of the judiciary involves the use of
electronic data produced, processed, and stored
through electronic devices, information systems, and
digital technologies in judicial proceedings. This
process also encompasses equipping courts with
specialized technical tools and information resources,
ultimately enabling them to fulfill their responsibilities
more effectively.
Judicial informatization
includes mechanisms such as
participation in court sessions via digital platforms,
automated case distribution among judges, publication
of court decisions online, and the electronic
transmission of enforcement documents using
information technologies.
Given these developments, it is proposed that the
Economic Procedural Code of Uzbekistan incorporate a
legal definition of electronic data, alongside provisions
that regulate its use. Under this proposal, electronic
data would be defined as information created,
processed, and stored through electronic devices,
information systems, or digital technologies. Parties to
a case, witnesses, and other involved persons would
have the right to present such data by transferring
copies between electronic media. Courts would be
obliged to accept such electronic submissions with the
participation of relevant specialists and, where
necessary, inspect the original electronic source of the
data.
The informatization of judicial activities significantly
reduces bureaucratic barriers, allowing legal entities
and citizens to access the courts more efficiently.
Today, individuals and organizations in Uzbekistan can
submit
claims,
applications,
and
complaints
electronically via the exsud.sud.uz platform. Moreover,
the Supreme Court of Uzbekistan has launched the
my.sud.uz portal, which offers interactive services such
as electronic submission of claims, template forms for
applications, a state duty calculator, electronic
payment systems, and online access to court decisions.
As noted by legal scholar D. Artikov, judicial
informatization plays a crucial role in ensuring that the
public receives timely and objective information about
court activities, thereby enhancing legal awareness in
society. The recently launched stat.sud.uz portal is a
clear example, offering public access to judicial
statistics and information in real time. In this regard,
informatization also serves as a key mechanism for
promoting public oversight of the judiciary and
increasing public trust in judicial institutions.
Therefore, it is essential that courts create the
necessary infrastructure to ensure transparency in
court proceedings and enable citizens to exercise their
right to access judicial information.
It is important to distinguish between the terms
"judicial informatization" and "electronic justice", as
they are often used interchangeably but represent
different concepts. Electronic justice has been studied
independently by many scholars. For instance, L.V.
Prikhodko defines it as a component of electronic
government, which in turn is understood as "a method
of organizing state power based on information and
communication technologies.” Other scholars describe
electronic justice as a combination of automated
information systems and services such as publishing
court decisions, digital case management, and enabling
parties to access digital case materials or more broadly
as the application of ICTs in resolving legal disputes
through the court system. As can be seen, there is
currently no universally accepted definition of
electronic justice in legal literature, and the concept
remains a subject of ongoing academic debate. In our
view, however, judicial informatization directly
contributes to the implementation of electronic justice.
Its introduction significantly accelerates judicial
proceedings, reduces the workload of judges and staff,
enhances transparency, and most importantly
facilitates the participation of citizens and business
representatives in legal processes while reducing
litigation costs.
In our view, e-justice should be understood as a
method of administration of justice that utilises
information technology at all stages of the judicial
process and makes it accessible to all participants.
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International Journal of Law And Criminology (ISSN: 2771-2214)
Furthermore, the above analysis highlights the critical
importance of fully digitizing judicial operations,
implementing electronic justice, integrating artificial
intelligence, improving inter-agency electronic data
exchange, and expanding remote participation in court
proceedings. In practice, the use of modern ICTs in the
judicial system streamlines the circulation of electronic
documents,
ensures
the
efficient
collection,
processing, organization, and storage of judicial data.
As Professor D.Yu. Khabibullaev rightly observes,
electronic systems create significant convenience by
allowing court participants to be notified electronically
and
receive
judicial
documents
and
other
communications in digital form.
The implementation of information technologies in the
judiciary is recognized as a crucial stage in the ongoing
reforms of Uzbekistan’s judicial and legal system. This
initiative plays an essential role in ensuring government
transparency before its citizens, strengthening public
trust in the judiciary, and promoting legal awareness.
As access to information becomes more widespread,
judicial processes have become increasingly open and
transparent to the public. The official publication of
information about courts, judges, and court personnel
has fostered greater public trust and enabled civic
oversight of government activities and accountability.
Most importantly, citizens now have easy access to
information regarding where, when, and at what time
their cases will be heard, court schedules, and the
progress of submitted claims. This enhances
communication between the public and the judiciary
and contributes to increasing legal literacy and civic
engagement in legal processes.
The introduction of electronic justice has undoubtedly
become an effective tool in reducing legal nihilism,
encouraging active public participation in legal
proceedings, and reinforcing mutual trust between the
state and society.
Recent developments in the judicial system have
further highlighted the global importance of
information technologies. In particular, economic
courts tasked with resolving commercial disputes are
now using digital tools to not only reduce judges'
workloads but also to improve efficiency and
transparency in delivering justice to businesses,
institutions, organizations (hereinafter referred to as
legal entities), and citizens. The integration of digital
technologies into the judiciary contributes significantly
to social stability, economic growth, and the
development of the rule of law.
In today’s era of globalization
, economic relations are
evolving rapidly both domestically and internationally.
As emphasized in the legal literature, these processes,
while driving economic growth, have also led to a rise
in the number and complexity of commercial disputes,
often involving new types of conflicts. hese dynamics
can negatively impact the efficiency of judicial
processes and the timely protection of legal rights and
interests of legal entities and individuals. tate
institutions, accordingly, bear the responsibility
particularly in economic courts of protecting violated or
contested rights and legally protected interests,
upholding the rule of law in the economic sector,
preventing legal violations, and fostering respect for
the law and judiciary (as outlined in Article 2 of
Uzbekistan’s Economic Procedural Code). The
adoption of the Economic Procedural Code (EPC)
introduced key provisions regarding the digitalization
of judicial processes. These include the ability to submit
claims and accompanying documents in electronic
format, to form electronic case files, and for parties and
other participants to submit documents using digital
signatures. Electronic case files may be transferred to
other courts or agencies via telecommunication
networks.
The
socio-legal
significance
of
implementing
information technologies in economic courts is also
reflected in how digital tools such as electronic filing
systems, online portals, and video conferencing
platforms facilitate access to justice for a broad
segment of the public. Regardless of geographic
location or financial means, all economic actors are
now afforded equal opportunities to participate in legal
proceedings.
A unified information system now allows users to
access court data and documents quickly and freely.
Necessary information about the operations of the
judiciary is published online on official government
websites and is easily accessible to the public.
One of the most important advantages of this new
digital infrastructure is the ability to obtain information
quickly and easily . Citizens can now access video
recordings of court hearings online, which significantly
strengthens judicial transparency, enhances civic legal
awareness, and improves public oversight of the justice
system.
By adopting information technologies, the judiciary
ensures greater transparency and accountability in
court proceedings. As legal scholar and practitioner E.K.
Sabirov notes, the effectiveness of electronic justice
depends not only on the adoption of modern
technologies in judicial administration, but also on the
extent to which transparency and openness of judicial
activities are ensured.
The use of information technologies in court operations
enhances public confidence, promotes legal culture
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International Journal of Law And Criminology (ISSN: 2771-2214)
and legal consciousness, and ensures both efficiency
and openness in court processes.
Automated systems help reduce human error, limit
opportunities for corruption, and ensure accurate
records and reliable outcomes, thereby increasing trust
in the judiciary. As rightly noted by legal scholar and
practitio
ner A.Yu. Mavlonov, the state’s anti
-corruption
legal policy must be grounded in scientific and
technological progress. The implementation of e-
government platforms and modern technologies is a
key factor in the success of Uzbekistan’s anti
-
corruption strategy.
The high caseload in economic courts remains one of
the most pressing challenges within Uzbekistan’s
judicial system. The growing volume of cases resolved
by courts each year has led to a steady increase in the
average monthly workload of judges, making the
integration of modern information and communication
technologies into court operations both timely and
necessary. For example, the number of cases heard in
the first instance by economic courts (including court
orders) rose from 104,327 in 2020 to 436,086 in 2024.
In civil courts, first-instance cases increased from
291,132 in 2020 to 1,497,184 in 2024. In administrative
courts, the number of public disputes heard in the first
instance was 15,066 in 2020, compared to 15,369 in
2024. These figures illustrate the increasing burden on
the judiciary and highlight the fact that the number of
judges has not been proportionally adjusted to
population growth across the regions. For example, in
2022, the average monthly caseload of a judge in
interdistrict, district, or city economic courts was 163
cases, while for civil court judges at the same level, the
figure stood at 269 cases.
Statistics on the number of judges per 100,000 people
also reveal striking differences across countries and
provide insights into the relative efficiency and capacity
of different judicial systems. In Germany, there are 24
judges per 100,000 people, reflecting a well-
functioning judicial structure supported by a strong
legal framework and a high level of judicial training and
professionalism.
While Russia and Kazakhstan also have relatively high
numbers of judges, they still fall short of Germany’s
standard, which may impact judicial efficiency and
quality. In contrast, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan show
significantly lower ratios, indicating limitations in
judicial capacity and a shortage of younger judges.
In Uzbekistan, the number of judges is significantly
lower, which underlines the need for deep structural
reforms to enhance the development of the judiciary
and the broader legal system.
These numbers serve as an important indicator for
comparing judicial performance across countries. They
also underscore the urgency of implementing modern
information technologies, accelerating legal reforms,
and optimizing the quality and efficiency of justice
delivery.
Looking more closely at international experience,
Germany maintains 24 judges per 100,000 populations,
while this number is 18 in Russia, 16 in Kazakhstan, 7
–
8 in Kyrgyzstan, 5 in Tajikistan, and only 3
–
4 in
Uzbekistan. In France, there are about 8,000 judges for
67.39 million people, while England has over 200
judges per million populations, Italy has 101, Sweden
100, and India 21
–
22 judges per 100,000.
These figures demonstrate that the current workload
of judges with tightly scheduled hearings, limited time
for case review, and pressure to deliver timely rulings
can adversely affect the quality of justice. Moreover,
the number of judicial positions has not been
proportionally aligned with population growth or the
caseload, and the number of court staff supporting
judges is also insufficient.
In conclusion, the integration of information
technologies into the judiciary in Uzbekistan will enable
electronic document submission, real-time case
tracking, digital access to court documents, and
participation in hearings via videoconference. These
developments will reduce litigation costs, ensure
reliable protection
of citizens’ rights and lawful
interests, and create greater convenience and
accessibility for all parties involved.
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