International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
8
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
8-13
10.37547/ijhps/Volume05Issue01-03
Developing mechanisms for preparing effective political
speeches
Nurali ULUGOV
Independent researcher, Department of Political Science, National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5782-9657
Received:
20 October 2024;
Accepted:
22 December 2024;
Published:
12 January 2025
Abstract:
The article examines and studies the important mechanisms of creating an influential political speech.
It is worth noting that influential speeches have historically played an important role in the development of
humanity and have become a part of our lives today. Political speeches have served as an important tool for
leaders to express their opinions, mobilize supporters, and shape public opinion. The art of political oratory is
widespread in today’s conditions, from large election rallies to television and social media platforms. The articl
e
covers the historical development of influential speech and the importance of political speech, the problems that
hinder the preparation and delivery of an influential and meaningful speech, and the mechanisms for preparing a
political speech.
Keywords:
Rhetoric, preaching, oratory, effective speech, communication.
Introduction:
People have long sought to correctly
express their thoughts and ideas, to understand the
power and properties of words, and to master the skill
of using them effectively. Over time, as a result of
evolution, speech improved, first oral, then written and
other forms emerged and developed. Speechwriters
and speech technicians emerged as professions and
became
important
for
political
leaders
in
communicating with society. Oratory and the art of
public speaking began to play an active role in politics,
as it began to communicate with society, mobilize,
persuade, and manage. Political speeches previously
served as an important tool for leaders to express their
opinions, gain support, and shape public opinion.
The art of political oratory is widespread in today’s
conditions, from large election rallies to television and
social media platforms. The sphere of influence of
political speeches is very strong, it not only unites
society, but also turns it into a single force. However,
the preparation of today’s political speech is
characterized by a number of problems and
shortcomings that prevent the delivery of effective and
meaningful messages. The article examines with
examples the methods of overcoming these problems
in the preparation of an effective speech, how and
when to deliver a speech and what to pay attention to,
and determines the historical development of effective
speeches and the importance of political speeches, and
explains the mechanisms of preparing a political
speech.
Historical development of persuasive speech
Historically, the roots of meaningful speech date back
to ancient civilizations, where skilled orators were
valued for their ability to change public opinion and
influence decision-making processes. In ancient
Greece, famous orators such as Demosthenes and
Pericles delivered powerful speeches that united
citizens in defense of their city-states and expressed
the values of democracy [1]. Similarly, in ancient Rome,
Cicero’s emotional and meaningful speeches played a
significant role in shaping public discourse and political
debate [2]. The importance attached to an effective
and meaningful speech in the East also has a long
history. In particular, the linguistic evidence, some
considerations on speech culture and etiquette written
by the famous Turkish scholar Mahmud Kashghari in his
work “Dīwān Lughāt al
-
Turk” are clear evidence of this.
We see that another scholar Yusuf Khos Hajib perfectly
revealed the power of language and the importance of
words with the following verses: [3]
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
9
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
“A person should have a sweet tongue, an open heart,
sweet words, and be extremely intelligent.
A person with sweet words is beautiful, and the deeds
of a person who speaks beautifully are also good.
If his words are soft and sweet like sugar, both the great
and the small will melt for his sweet words.
The work of an ambassador consists entirely of words,
and if his words are good, he will find his desire.
It is known that in ancient times in the East the art of
speaking was called preaching. The word “preaching” is
translated from Arabic as exhortation. The word
“preaching” means a preacher and a speaker. The
famous writer Alisher Navoi writes about oratory in his
work
“Mahbub ul
-
qulub”: “Propaganda is the work of
the one who is alert and receptive to his exhortation.
The preacher should be such that if someone enters the
meeting empty, he should leave full; Those who enter
full should retreat a little and return relaxed. If the
preacher is a scholar and an honest worker, then those
who deviate from his exhortation will be sinners” [4].
These historical examples show that effective and
persuasive speech has always been important in
politics and social relations.
In today's world, powerful political speeches play a
significant role in shaping public opinion and guiding
society. Powerful speeches by world leaders, political
candidates, or activists have the power to mobilize,
inspire, and unite people toward a common goal. As
Russian writer V.A. Sukhomlinsky noted, “words can kill
or revive people, wound or heal, sow despair in their
minds, or unite them around new ideas and inspire
them toward a single goal” [5].
By engaging audiences through compelling rhetoric and
persuasive
arguments,
political
speakers
can
communicate their goals and aspirations and unite
people around common goals. For example, historic
speeches such as Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream”
speech and Winston Churchill’s “We Will Fight on the
Beaches” d
emonstrate how public speaking can
generate intense passion and unity, leading to social
movements and political change.
The power of political speech is so powerful that it can
not only unite a society but also transform it into a
unified force. For example, the nonviolent resistance
and inclusive rhetoric of Gandhi, the founder of the
Indian Independence Movement, inspired people
around the world and contributed to the eventual
decolonization of many countries. One of his most
effective speech slogans was
: “Do or die: We will
liberate India or we will die in the process” [6].
One of the famous names who fought for the
independence of his homeland, Mustafa Kemal
Atatürk, united his entire nation with his speeches and
started the war of independence. His speeches that
went down in history were as follows: “I am not
ordering you to attack; I am ordering you to die! “Other
forces and commanders can take our place until we
die.”, “Either independence or death” orders and
slogans changed the course of the war and therefore
the course of history [7].
Nelson Mandela’s 1964 “I am ready to die” speech is
one of the most famous and influential speeches. It
demonstrated
Mandela's
leadership
and
determination by effectively communicating the
struggle against apartheid in South Africa to the
international community. He said, “I have fought
against white rule and I have fought against black rule.
I have cherished a democratic and free society, in which
all people live in harmony and with equal opportunity.
This is the perfection I hope to live for and achieve. If
necessary, I am ready to die for it” [8].
Based on the above examples, we can say that every
great step begins with effective and influential
speeches and conversations. Mobilizing people,
empowering and inspiring them, is achieved through
effective oratory and speeches. The speeches of the
young girl Greta Thunberg on climate change have
shown that influential speeches can have different
directions and objects. Indeed, Thunberg’s direct and
passionate communication about the urgency of the
fight against climate change crossed cultural
boundaries and caused a global movement to begin [9]
These examples demonstrate effective interpersonal
communication through strategies such as empathy,
inclusion, kindness, liberation, struggle, and diplomacy,
and highlight the power of emotional speech to cross
cultural boundaries.
The importance of influential political speeches
Effective political speeches have the potential to shape
public discourse and set the agenda for political debate.
By framing issues and highlighting specific priorities,
political leaders can influence the focus of public
discussion and focus attention on specific policy areas.
Through their speeches, leaders can highlight pressing
societal needs, promote political reforms, and shift
public opinion toward specific courses of action.
Therefore, political speeches play a crucial role in
shaping the context around political issues and in
directing public opinion in the desired direction.
Effective political dialogue plays a key role in building
consensus and improving cooperation among diverse
stakeholders. Political leaders can bridge differences
and foster a sense of unity around shared policy goals
by appealing to shared values and aspirations. Through
their speeches, leaders can articulate a shared vision
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
10
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
that resonates with different segments of society and
inspires collaborative efforts to achieve policy goals.
The ability to navigate the complexities of policymaking
and create a framework for mutual understanding and
cooperation, and to unite people around a common
goal, is essential.
In addition, effective political speeches serve as a
means of connecting with the public on an emotional
level. Political leaders can connect with their audience
by using empathetic and interactive language, making
their speeches more resonant and engaging. This
emotional expression creates a sense of trust and
understanding and supports the speaker’s agenda and
policies. Effective communication of empathy and
understanding is essential in fostering a sense of
solidarity and camaraderie among diverse groups in
society.
Political speeches help mobilize public opinion and
bring about change in society. When delivered
convincingly, they can change public opinion, challenge
long-held traditions, and spark critical debate on
pressing issues. Effective political speeches have the
ability to capture the public’s attention and
imagination. Political leaders can build support for their
policies and initiatives by presenting a clear and
credible vision of the future. Through passionate and
persuasive rhetoric, speakers can inspire a sense of
collective purpose and encourage citizens to rally
behind specific policy proposals.
While an effective speech is generally a lifesaver in
engaging an audience, its importance can be
summarized as follows: [10]
• A speech outline helps you to determine in advance
what you are going to talk about and what you are
going to say.
• It helps you to communicate more freely.
• It allows you to express yourself in
the right
sentences.
• Public speaking outlines have a guiding function so
that you do not stray from the topic.
• With the help of speech outlines, you can give an
impressive
introduction
without
losing
your
confidence.
• Previously written speech outlin
es are valuable texts
that show you how to proceed. You can study them and
prepare your own speech outline.
The challenges of preparing an effective and
meaningful political speech
Political speeches have long served as an important
tool for leaders to express their views, mobilize society,
and shape public opinion. The art of political oratory is
widespread in today’s environment, from large election
rallies to television and social media platforms.
However, the current state of political speech is
characterized by a number of problems and
shortcomings that prevent the delivery of effective and
meaningful messages.
One of the main problems facing contemporary
political discourse is the proliferation of ambiguous and
manipulative rhetoric. Politicians often use catchy but
meaningless slogans, exaggerated promises, and
emotional rhetoric to influence public opinion. This
tendency to exaggerate and simplify not only dilutes
the content of political discourse, but also undermines
the credibility and authenticity of the messages being
conveyed [11]. As a result, public speeches are
saturated with superficial references, making it difficult
for listeners to discern the true intent and content of
political speeches.
Furthermore, the weakening of public trust in political
institutions and leaders leads to widespread doubts
about the legitimacy of political discourse. The public
often perceives political discourse as detached from
the realities of everyday life and perceives it as fake.
These widespread doubts create barriers for audiences
to analyze political messages, engage in meaningful
engagement, and engage in genuine dialogue. As a
result, the potential of political discourse to inspire
trust, understanding, and collective action is
undermined by a lack of credibility and effectiveness.
In addition, polarization in political discourse creates an
environment dominated by opposing rhetoric and
hostile communication styles. The abundance of
“combat” language, personal animosity, critical and
discriminatory language in political discourse creates
an atmosphere of division and hostility in societ [12].
This hostile rhetoric hinders the development of
discourse, undermines a common language and the
ability to solve problems together. Polarization in
political dialogue not only exacerbates divisions in
society, but also hinders the free exchange of ideas and
the search for meaningful solutions to existing
problems.
Another serious flaw in political speeches is the neglect
of important policy proposals and evidence-based
aspects. Political speakers often prioritize emotional
appeals and symbolic gestures over engaging in
argumentative debates and offering detailed policy
rationales. The prevalence of superficial speech leads
to a lack of meaningful debate on important issues and
hinders the search for innovative and effective
solutions to complex social problems.
In the modern era, discourses are rife with populism
and false news, harnessing the power of the media. As
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
researcher Diana Owen has written, the media is rife
with misinformation, false rumors, and outright lies. In
the 2016 election, fake news and unverified facts came
from fake news sites, as well as from the social media
accounts of candidates and their representatives. For
example, Republican candidate Donald Trump used his
Twitter (now X) account to spread sensational,
unverified claims, including one that claimed that
candidate Ted Cruz’s father was involved in the
assassination of President John F. Kennedy and one
that made history by falsely claiming that President
Barack Obama was not born in the United States.
Trump has continued to share such unverified opinions
even after becoming president [13].
As a result, the issue of trust in political discourse has
become very relevant in the current era. Lies and
manipulations aimed at convincing people, fear and
threats undermine the integrity of political discourse.
This reduces trust in political discourse and reduces
citizens’ political participation.
Mechanisms for preparing a meaningful and effective
political speech
It is well known that effective political speeches have
the power to capture the public’s attention and
imagination. Political leaders can build support for their
policies and initiatives by presenting a clear and
credible vision of the future. By using passionate and
persuasive rhetoric, speakers can inspire a sense of
collective purpose and encourage citizens to rally
behind specific policy proposals. Whether delivered in
front of a live audience or through media platforms,
these speeches have the power to resonate across all
segments of society and inspire a sense of unity and
common purpose.
In addition, meaningful and effective political speeches
serve as a means of informing and informing the public
on various policy issues. By communicating key facts,
statistics, and arguments in a consistent and
understandable manner, political leaders can increase
political literacy and arouse public interest in specific
policy issues. Politicians can use their speeches to
engage citizens in discussing the problems facing the
country and to present their proposals. Such an
important function of political speeches is crucial in
shaping public opinion and supporting political change.
But since writing an effective and meaningful speech is
not easy, many political scientists and social scientists
and experts have raised the question of how to write
such a speech. Since the importance of a speech is
great, they are working on the questions of under what
conditions it will be effective, and what needs to be
done to achieve this.
For any speech to be effective, it must be relevant to
the time, place, situation, and context, and the issues
raised in the speech must be relevant to society or
relevant to current issues. For example, when Martin
Luther King Jr. announced his vision of a future where
blacks and whites would have equal civil rights in his “I
Have a Dream” speech, it was a very important issue in
the United States.
The methods for developing effective and meaningful
political speech writing mechanisms include a wide
range of strategies and best practices needed to create
impactful political speeches. From improving your
public speaking skills to extensive research and
strategic messaging, the process of preparing a political
speech requires careful thought and attention to detail.
We can illustrate the general mechanisms for how to
prepare speech texts and what they should contain
with the following examples:
Consistent research and analysis
: A key element of
effective political speech preparation is in-depth
research and analysis. Political speakers must have a
comprehensive understanding of the issue or topic
they are addressing, including its historical context,
relevant data and statistics, and the various
perspectives and arguments surrounding the topic. This
requires careful study of authoritative sources, expert
opinions, and empirical evidence, ensuring that the
speech is accurate and realistic. In addition, audience
analysis and understanding the concerns and interests
of the audience are essential to tailoring the speech to
the intended audience.
Clarity of message and purpose
: Clarity of message and
purpose is key to preparing a political speech. Speakers
should clearly identify the main theme or main
message of their speech and ensure that it is concise,
coherent, and understandable. Establishing a clear and
effective purpose for the speech (to inform, persuade,
inspire, or call to action) serves as a guiding framework
for the content and delivery of the message. By
articulating a focused and purposeful message, political
speakers can effectively capture the attention of their
audience and adequately convey their objectives.
Create attention-grabbing videos
: Using eye-catching
visuals is a powerful way to convey complex ideas and
engage your audience on an emotional level. Political
speeches that include commentary and personal
anecdotes leave a deep and lasting impression on the
audience, fostering solidarity and connection. By
incorporating stories into their speeches, speakers can
generalize political issues, connect them to the
audience’s real
-life experiences, and make their
message more engaging and memorable.
Effective use of language and rhetoric
: The strategic
use of language and rhetoric is essential for the
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
effectiveness of political speeches. Political speakers
must use persuasive language, rhetorical devices, and
powerful imagery to engage their audience and
effectively convey their message. By using rhetorical
techniques such as parallelism, repetition, and vivid
metaphors, speakers can reinforce their main points
and inspire responses from their audience. It is also
essential to foster constructive and positive dialogue by
maintaining a respectful, inclusive, and understanding
tone.
Adapting to different audiences and contexts
:
adapting the content of political speeches to different
audiences and contexts is essential to ensuring
relevance and resonance. Political speakers must adapt
their messages to the specific needs, perspectives, and
concerns of different audiences, recognizing that
effective communication is not one-size-fits-all. In
addition, understanding the context of the situation,
including time, place, and cultural differences, is crucial
to having appropriate and effective conversations in
different settings.
Exercise and presentation techniques
: Effective
practice and presentation techniques are essential to
ensure that political speeches are delivered with
persuasion and confidence. Practicing delivering a
speech several times allows speakers to improve their
delivery style, work on their pace, and master the
content of their speech. In addition, using techniques
such as voice modulation, div language control, and
judicious use of pauses can significantly enhance the
impact of a message and capture the attention of the
audience.
Feedback and evaluation
: Seeking feedback and
evaluation from trusted sources, such as the speaker,
industry representatives, or community members, is an
invaluable way to improve the quality of your political
speeches. Receiving constructive criticism and
feedback on the content of your speech helps speakers
identify their strengths and improve. Incorporating
feedback into the speech preparation process allows
for continuous improvement and effectiveness of your
message, ensuring that it resonates with your target
audience.
Ethical considerations, reliability and transparency
:
Accuracy and ethical considerations are important
when preparing a political speech. Speakers should
promote clarity, transparency, and accountability in
their communications and avoid misinformation or
misleading information. Following ethical standards in
speech preparation builds trust and transparency with
the audience and demonstrates the sincerity and true
intent behind the message.
CONCLUSION
Consequently, persuasive speech is of great
importance in today’s political dialogue. Effective and
meaningful delivery of political speech is of great
importance in persuading the public, attracting its
attention,
solving
problems,
increasing
the
effectiveness of governance and mobilizing. The
decline in public trust in institutions and political
organizations is a major obstacle for speechwriters. In
an
environment of skepticism
and
despair,
speechwriters and communicators face the important
task of restoring credibility, developing authentic
relationships, and combating the spread of
disinformation. The need to develop transparency,
authenticity, and ethical communication practices in
speech preparation has proven to be a positive change
in an increasingly polarized and uncertain political
environment. For an effective political speech to be
prepared, the language of the speech must be relevant
to the time, place, situation, and situation; the issues
expressed in the speech must be reflected in society or
related to current issues; the speech must be grounded
in consistent research and analysis; the message and
purpose must be clear; and it must have important
features such as effective and persuasive use of
language and rhetoric; adaptation to different
audiences and contexts; repeated feedback and
evaluation; and ethical issues. Transparency and
accuracy are of great importance.
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