INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1420
TEACHING METHODOLOGY OF NATURAL SCIENCES IN PRIMARY GRADES
Qudratova Shaxnoza Baxtiyor kizi
TAFU "Theory and Methodology of Primary Education" Department, Senior Lecturer
Email:
qudratovashahnoza768@gmail.com
Hakimova Dilobar Odiljon kizi
TAFU Student
Abstract:
The introduction of this article discusses the year in which the natural sciences
textbook was introduced in primary grades, its advantages, convenience, and how it helps
students appreciate the beauty of the environment and preserve nature. The shortcomings of the
textbooks are also mentioned, along with suggestions for addressing these deficiencies.
Keywords:
Natural sciences, didactics, Tashkent University of Applied Sciences, advantages,
convenience, The World Around Us, Natural Science, Geography, Biology, Physics,
experiments and practice, observation and analysis.
Аннотация:
Во введении к данной статье поясняется, с какого года в начальных классах вв
еден учебник естествознания, преимущества, удобства преподавания естествознания в нача
льных классах, показ учащимся красоты окружающей среды и сохранения природы. Включ
ены недостатки книг и предложения по их устранению.
Ключевые слова:
Естественные науки, дидактика, Ташкентский университет прикладных
наук, преимущества, удобства, «Окружающий мир», «Естествознание», «География», «Био
логия», «Физика», Эксперимент и практика, наблюдение и анализ.
The Natural Science (SCIENCE) curriculum was introduced step by step. The first phase
was implemented in the 2021/2022 academic year for grades 1-2, followed by its gradual
introduction in other grades.
Currently, Natural Science lessons are scheduled as follows: one hour per week for 1st grade,
two hours for grades 2-4, and three hours for grades 5-6, totaling 13 hours per week.
One of the main advantages of the Natural Science course is the integration of multiple
subjects. In other words, rather than overwhelming students with separate subjects, they are
taught 5-6 different disciplines within a single course. For example, if we take the topic of wild
and domestic animals’ habitats, we see a direct link between nature and zoology, demonstrating
the interconnection with biology. Similarly, in the 3rd-grade Natural Science textbook, the topic
“Stars and Planets” introduces students to fundamental concepts of “Astronomy” from an early
stage. Another convenience is the inclusion of exercise books alongside textbooks. This allows
students to reinforce their knowledge through workbook exercises, helping them retain
information better.
Identified Drawbacks While the textbook content is well-structured, engaging, and visually
appealing, one drawback is the issuance of separate books for each quarter instead of a single
comprehensive textbook for the entire academic year.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1421
This approach has several downsides:
The cost of printing multiple books increases.
Teachers must spend time collecting books at the end of each quarter.
At the beginning of a new quarter, distributing new books takes additional time, which
affects lesson quality.
Proposed Solution A more efficient approach would be to return to the previous system,
where a single textbook covered all four quarters. This change should apply to all elementary-
grade textbooks, ensuring both financial savings and time efficiency.
Teaching Methodology for Natural Sciences At the Tashkent University of Applied Sciences,
the methodology of teaching Natural Sciences is introduced in the second semester of the second
year for students specializing in Elementary Education. As part of their studies, students receive
essential knowledge on various aspects of Natural Science teaching methodology.
These areas includes the following:
1. Learning through Experiments and Practice
2. Interactive Teaching Methods
3. Use of Visual Materials
4. Observation and Analysis
5. Cooperative Learning
6. Research Projects
1. Learning based on experiments and practice: In this method, students observe nature,
studying weather conditions, birds, trees, animals, mountains, and plants in their natural
environment. They conduct various experiments while utilizing theoretical knowledge and
performing practical activities.
2. Interactive methods: This method is used to increase students' interest in lessons. For
example, engaging games, projects, discussions, project-based activities, and quick question-
answer sessions help boost students' participation and engagement in the learning process.
3. Use of visual materials: In teaching natural sciences, students are provided with various
photos, videos, short films, graphics, and other visual materials to help them develop
independent thinking skills.
4. Observation and analysis: Students observe their surroundings, analyze the knowledge
they acquire, study different scientific methods, and conduct experiments to enhance their
understanding.
5. Cooperative learning: This method encourages students to work together in groups,
support each other, collaborate on experiments, and develop teamwork skills. It helps them take
their first steps in organizing work within a community.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1422
6. Research activities: Students engage in small research projects related to natural sciences,
conduct scientific experiments, and draw conclusions, which helps improve their scientific
thinking.
Contribution of Great Scolars Additionally, students gain insights from the life experiences
of great ancestors who documented their knowledge in works passed down to future generations.
For example, the great scholar Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna) discussed human health, diseases,
and bodily functions in a logical manner in his works, such as The Canon of Medicine (Kitab al-
Qanun fit-tibb). In Kitab ash-Shifa, he also provided reflections on geological processes. Another
renowned scholar, Abu Rayhan Beruni, in his work Kitab al-Tafhim, described the various
phases of the moon. Similarly, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, in his book Baburnama,
documented information about plants such as Bamboo, Grapes, Pomegranate, and Aromatic
plants.
Conclusion: Before introducing students to new scientific advancements, it is essential to
familiarize them with the timeless works of great scholars. Their knowledge serves as a
foundation upon which students can build further understanding.
List of References:
1. Sh. Qudratova – The system of using international experiences in organizing educational
activities for primary education students in higher education institutions. // Proceedings of
the Republican scientific-practical conference on "Preschool education in New Uzbekistan:
past, present, and future." Pages 155-162.
2. S. M. Konyushenko – STEAM education: The future of mathematics and informatics
teachers’ professional training. Baltic State Academy of the Fleet, Department of
Psychology and Pedagogy. – 2019. No. 4(50). Pages 185-189.
3. R. I. Semenova – STEAM-information technologies in education and employment: Digital
transformation adaptation factors in Russia's regional economies. // Innovatsiya. – 2019. No.
10. Pages 58-64.
4. Digital Companies Need More Liberal Arts Majors (Why tech companies need more
humanities specialists). - URL: https://hbr.org/2016/01/digital-companies-need-more-
liberal-arts-majors (Accessed: 15.08.2021).
5. Sh. Qudratova & D. To‘rabekova (2023) – The role of STEAM education in shaping the
future teacher's personality. Modern Science and Research, 2(9), Pages 40-44.
6. Sh. Qudratova (2023) – System of using international experiences in organizing lessons for
students of pedagogical educational institutions. Modern Science and Research, 2(6), Pages
706–710. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/21138
7. Sh. B. Qudratova & T. B. Qudratov (2021) – International experiences in education. Vestnik
magistratury, (1-3 (112)), Pages 66-67.
8. Shaxnoza Qudratova & Kuziyev Aziz Akramjanovich (2024) – STEAM Technologies.
Eurasian Journal of Academic Research, 4.7S, Pages 494-497.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1423
9. Sh. Q. B. qizi & K. A. Akramjanovich (2024) – STEAM Technologies. Eurasian Journal of
Academic Research, 4(7S), Pages 494-497.
10. Sh. Qudratova & S. Tilovboyeva (2024) – System for the use of international experience in
organizing classes for students. Academic Research in Modern Science, 3(48), Pages 160–
164. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/arims/article/view/61931
11. Sh. Qudratova & S. Tilovboyeva (2024) – Providing modern knowledge to primary school
students. Modern Science and Research, 3(12), Pages 378–382. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/54161
12. Sh. B. Qudratova, J. D. Atenov, & S. Z. Normurodov (2025) – General foundations, subjects,
and tasks of STEAM education in primary education. Inter Education & Global Study, (2),
Pages 142-153.
