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SYNONYMS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LEXICON IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND
UZBEKISTAN
Avezova Yulduz Akhmad kizi
Master`s student teacher of
Natuve language and literature
at Jondor distict secondary
school N.9 +998997320293
Abstract:
This article discusses how synonymous phenomena occur between words in the
pharmaceutical field, an analysis of the opinions of linguists on this issue, and the types of
synonymous phenomena.
Keywords
: paradigmatic relationship, syntagmatic relationship, polysemy, antonymy, term,
significative, distributive, terminology, lexicography, stylistic synonymy.
As a result of analyzing the terms used in the texts of documents, literature, scientific articles
and monographs related to the pharmaceutical field of the languages being compared, we
can observe that most of them entered the national languages from Latin through English.
At the same time, the development of pharmaceutical terminology in the Uzbek language, along
with these languages, was also influenced to a certain extent by the intermediary Russian
language. This, in turn, causes the phenomenon of synonymy between pharmaceutical terms. In
this sense, it should be noted that pharmaceutical terms in the texts of the field form semantic
similarity due to the units of the lexical-semantic layer. Below we will dwell on them in detail
based on the analysis of the materials of certain speech fragments.
The issue of paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in linguistics, in particular, the
phenomenon of synonymy in the terminology of various fields, has attracted the attention of
many scientists and specialists. However, the presence of synonyms in terminology, their
consideration as separate terminological units, is considered the main drawback of terminology.
Nevertheless, synonymy manifests itself to a certain extent in the lexicon of any field, the
features of pragmatic, syntactic and paradigmatic relationships. According to modern
terminologists, “a term is formed with the help of a substrate, that is, a lexical unit whose main
source is natural language. As a result, it retains the general characteristics of lexical units in the
national language and changes its specific characteristics lexico-semantically through the use of
substrate bases. " Such an approach to the term is fully consistent with its modern essence,
according to which it can be said that terms are not special words, but words with a special
function that have all the linguistic characteristics of general lexical units in the language. Thus,
since modern terminology is one of the main subsystems of the language, studying terminology
separately from linguistic and extralinguistic laws and processes, and from the criteria for its
progressive development and application, poses certain difficulties.
Synonyms of terminological units (from the Greek synonymia - "having the same name, having
the same meaning") - is a special type of semantic relationship based on the ability of different
terms and similar language units to express a single concept, implying its correspondence to
one another in terms of various additional features, emotional or stylistic coloring. According to
A.A. Reformatsky, synonyms are words of different lexical forms that are semantically
identical, while doublets are different forms of one word. Accordingly, the scientist emphasizes
that one of the important tasks in regulating the terminology of a field is to distinguish
synonyms and doublets. In this regard, R. Doniyorov, who has thoroughly studied the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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terminology of the Uzbek language, gave the following definition of synonyms. “Synonyms are
lexemes that express semantically close or similar concepts and differ from each other in terms
of meaning or stylistic coloring.”
O.S. Akhmedov, who studied the linguistic analysis and translation problems of tax and
customs terms in English and Uzbek, emphasizes that the phenomena of synonymy and
polysemy in the language are an acceptable and normative situation for terminologies.
According to him, “Synonyms and polysemantic words are of great importance in the process
of English-Uzbek communication, and although they help to decorate lively colloquial speech,
they create a certain problematic situation in the process of translation in a scientific style rich
in terms. "Because synonymous and polysemantic words cannot be a precise expression of the
concept used in any field of legislation. However, in practice, due to the lack of sufficient
differentiation of their meanings, such terms are interpreted differently in regulatory documents
and prevent the adequacy of translation from occurring."
We will try to prove this in detail in the process of studying the synonymous properties of terms
and lexemes related to the pharmaceutical industry in English, Russian, and Uzbek.
The phenomenon of synonymy, widespread in the field of terminology, is characteristic of the
formation and development of terminological systems. The main reason for the occurrence of
homonyms in the terminological systems of industries is explained, firstly, by the limited
possibilities of terminology to express each concept used in communication with a separate
special term, and secondly, by the importance of introducing semantic clarity between closely
related concepts of language units.
If we look at the semantic structure of the terms related to the pharmaceutical industry in
English and Uzbek from a linguistic perspective, we can see that the terms in this field, like
common words, have multiple meanings (polysemantic), synonymy, and antonymy. It should
also be noted that, based on the results of our research, the concept of "term-specific meaning"
is observed to be a somewhat relative phenomenon.
Today, the analysis and study of the synonymous properties of lexical units in paradigmatic and
syntagmatic relations in linguistics and terminology is one of the urgent issues. Therefore, the
fact that there have not yet been published fully translated multilingual (English-Uzbek)
dictionaries directly related to pharmaceutical activity and pharmacy service is also proof of our
opinion. Because, in addition to revealing information about the field, the subtleties of the
meaning of terms, a dictionary of this content creates convenience for users by clearly
expressing the content and essence of linguistic units that have been assimilated into our
national language from the original Latin language and providing detailed explanations. In
addition, the complexities of using these or those synonymous terms, the diversity of synonyms
and their specific linguistic features in various genres of scientific speech, including scientific
and professional texts (discourses), reveal.
It is necessary to study the different aspects of synonymous nomenclature related to
pharmaceutical terminology in the languages being compared, including: structural
(structural synonymy), denotative-significative (semantic synonymy), stylistic (stylistic
synonymy), translation (interlingual synonymy), idiographic synonymy, distributive, functional
and other types of synonymy.
Based on various pharmaceutical sources (drug annotations, instructions, literature, monographs,
articles) in the languages being compared, terminological synonyms (absolute synonyms),
doublets, in which the pharmaceutical terminology of two languages has absolutely the
same meaning, are widespread.
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Abbreviations in the terminology of the field are mainly manifested in the composition of pairs
of synonymous doublets. Among them, certain lexemes are used in the abbreviated form of the
term of the field, that is, the essential parts of a multi-component term participate in the process
of abbreviation and include terminological elements. Below we have presented practical criteria
for the use of abbreviated terminological synonyms.
In conclusion, we can say that the majority of terms used in pharmaceutical texts, scientific
articles, and monographs of the languages being compared originally came to all
languages from Latin and Greek through the intermediary of English. The Russian
language also had a certain influence on the formation of pharmaceutical terminology in the
Uzbek language. The phenomenon of borrowing words from other languages in the
terminology of the field, in turn, led to the phenomenon of synonymy among pharmaceutical
terms.
Synonymous nominations related to the pharmaceutical industry require the study of various
aspects of the terminology of the industry, namely, structural (structural synonymy), denotative,
significant (semantic synonymy), translation (interlingual synonymy), distributive and
functional features. The lexical units existing in pharmaceutical terminology can be classified
and described according to their semantic similarity into groups such as absolute synonyms or
doublets (full synonyms within the industry), relative synonyms (incomplete - inter-industry
synonyms) and abbreviated variants.
Synonymous nominations related to the pharmaceutical industry require the study of various
aspects of the terminology of the industry, namely, structural (structural synonymy), denotative,
significant (semantic synonymy), translation (interlingual synonymy), distributive and
functional features. The lexical units existing in pharmaceutical terminology can be classified
and described according to their semantic similarity into groups such as absolute synonyms or
doublets (full synonyms within the industry), relative synonyms (incomplete - inter-industry
synonyms) and abbreviated variants.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 09,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 243
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