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AGROTECHNOLOGY OF GROWING CALIFORNIA POPLAR (Populus fremontii)
SEEDLINGS
Namozov Jasurbek Mamarajab ugli,
Bobomurod Abdullayev Nosirjon ugli,
Orishev Sodiqjon Sodirjon ugli.
Associate Professor of Tashkent State Agrarian University
Head of the nursery of the Kokand Scientific Experimental
Station under the Research Institute of Forestry,
Senior Researcher under the Research Institute of Forestry
ANNOTATION:
This article is devoted to the development of agrotechnology for growing
standard California poplar seedlings in Uzbekistan. The experiments showed that the viability
of cuttings cut from new branches in November is high. Cuttings were planted with a length of
10–35 cm and a diameter of 5–18 mm, and as a result, cuttings with a length of 25–30 cm and a
diameter of 12–15 mm showed the highest indicators (41 cuttings). This option was found to be
superior in terms of root formation rate and viability. Scientific recommendations were
developed on the agrotechnology of growing seedlings - cutting preparation, planting date,
irrigation, fertilization, and methods of seedling extraction. The study is of practical importance
in establishing high-quality timber poplar plantations in Uzbekistan.
Key words:
California poplar (
Populus fremontii
), branch, cuttings, bud, callus,
agrotechnology.
Introduction.
The California poplar (Populus fremontii) is a tall tree belonging to the willow
family (salicaceae), a genus of poplars (Populus). This tree is named after the 19th-century
American explorer and traveler John S. It is named after Fremont.
The California poplar (Populus fremontii) has a height of 15-35 m, a diameter of 1.5 m, wide,
pyramidal and egg-shaped branches, and is a large tree with a single or branched trunk. The
bark cracks along the neck, the young branches turn blue, and the trunk of the tree is dark gray.
The branches are ashen or brownish in color.The Aliphornian poplar (Populus fremontii) has a
height of 15-35 m, a diameter of 1.5 m, wide, pyramidal and ovoid branches, and is a large tree
with a single or branched trunk. The bark of the neck cracks, the young branches turn blue, and
the trunk of the tree is dark gray. The branches are ashen or brownish in color. The leaves are
ovate or deltoid, 3-7 cm high, 3.5 cm wide, pointed, toothed at the edge, the leaf is striped,
slightly pubescent. The leaf blade is 2.7-3.5 cm, slightly pubescent or hairless. Male flower
buds 10-12 mm high, ovate, brown, glabrous. The shrub is 6.9 cm high, 1 cm wide, multi-
flowered, with 24 flowers arranged in a short hairless band. Rosehip leaves are veiled, brown,
3-5 mm long, wide or rounded, with a serrated base, without pubescence, with a deep groove
along the edge.The mouth is 6.9 cm high, 1 cm wide, multi-flowered, with 24 flowers arranged
in a short hairless band. Rosehip leaves are veiled, brown, 3-5 mm long, wide or rounded, with
a serrated base, without pubescence, with a deep groove along the edge. The flower-bearing
achene buds are 14-16 mm tall, smooth, greenish-brown, sticky, hairless. A shrub 5-7 cm high,
0.8 cm wide, short-pubescent, multi-flowered, 33-40 pieces of flower, located in an
inflorescence with a diameter of 15 mm. Rosehip leaves are veiled, triangular in shape, with a
long ciliated tip. The cone is ovate or rounded, 5-7 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, three-partitioned,
glabrous, small. The seeds are large, 2 mm high, 1 mm wide, white, oblong, with short felt hairs
[1].
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The California Poplar (Populus fremontii) is distributed in the southwestern United States and
Mexico. In the United States, it can be found naturally in California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah,
Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Colorado.The Ifornian Poplar (Populus fremontii) is
distributed in the southwestern United States and Mexico. In the United States, it can be found
naturally in California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Colorado. In
Mexico, it can be found in Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila,
Nuevo Leon, Mexico (state) and Puebla. This tree grows and develops mainly along the shores
of reservoirs, rivers, lakes, wetlands in areas up to 2000 meters above sea level. Currently the
largest P. In the USA. The fremontii tree grows in the Skull Valley in Arizona. In 2012, his
measured div circumference was 14,100 mm, height 31 m and width of horns 45.6 M [7]. The
California Poplar (Populus fremontii) is a tree introduced to our country, which is mainly
planted a lot in order to obtain wood.fremontii grows in the Skull Valley in Arizona. In 2012,
his measured div circumference was 14,100 mm, height 31 m and width of horns 45.6 M [7].
The California Poplar (Populus fremontii) is a tree introduced to our country, which is mainly
planted a lot in order to obtain wood. When individual parts (trunk, bark, and other parts) are
examined to determine if different parts of the tree are suitable for processing. The most
valuable component of the trunk wood, cellulose, is most present in the trunk of the tree,
accounting for 42.7%, and the least — 23.8% in the bark [2,3,4,5,6].
The experimental part. The time of preparation of the stem for cuttings in Uzbekistan is the end
of November-beginning of December. Cuttings cut from the branches prepared during this
period will have high viability and grow well. Ham branches can be harvested in January and
February. But during this period, the viability of the cuttings decreases sharply due to the fact
that aphids begin to move on the trunk of the poplar. Prepared branches are kept intact without
pruning. They are tightly bound from 100 cuttings, preventing drying out or pre-germination,
and the cut lower part of the branches is buried in moist soil in a place protected from the sun.
Before carrying out the prepared cuttings, the cuttings are cut to the desired length, that is, 3-4
buds are taken from the place where the branches were laid. Cuttings from the branches are
recommended to be cut 1-2 days before transplanting. If the cuttings were cut earlier, they
should be stored in trenches 45-50 cm deep. after carrying out the prepared cuttings, the
cuttings are cut to the desired length, that is, 3-4 buds, taken from the place where the branches
were laid. Cuttings from the branches are recommended to be cut 1-2 days before transplanting.
If the cuttings were cut earlier, they should be stored in trenches 45-50 cm deep. Clean river
sand with a thickness of 5 cm is placed on their bottom, and connected cuttings of 100 pieces
are placed vertically (base down) on top. cuttings are buried in the soil. The cuttings from the
branches are cut with hand scissors or other cutting tools, and the cuttings are brought to
readiness. For most types and varieties of poplar, the stalk is cut to a length of 20-25 cm, while
the base thickness should be 0.5-1.5 cm. When pruning cuttings from branches, the upper
section is cut off, leaving 1-2 cm from the last leaf bud. It is smooth and cut obliquely so that
the spring rainwater can carry it away.The branches are cut off with hand scissors or other
cutting tools, and the cuttings are brought to readiness. For most types and varieties of poplar,
the stalk is cut to a length of 20-25 cm, while the base thickness should be 0.5-1.5 cm. When
pruning cuttings from branches, the upper section is cut off, leaving 1-2 cm from the last leaf
bud. It is smooth and cut obliquely so that the spring rainwater can carry it away. This will
prevent the cuttings from rotting and allow the vertical branch to germinate. The lower cut of
the stalk is cut off precisely at the base of the leaf bud, since it is here that the corn quickly
appears, many roots stand out and develop rapidly. Poplar cuttings can be transplanted in
autumn and spring. Cuttings planted in autumn take root well, have a higher viability than
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cuttings planted in spring, and grow better. In order to increase the viability of cuttings planted
in spring, they are watered to provide moisture after planting.
The irrigated soil is compacted, its humidity increases, all this affects the good rooting of
cuttings. When transplanting cuttings into the soil in autumn and early spring, in the presence of
deeply plowed loamy soils, they can be driven into the ground. If calluses have accumulated on
the cuttings, they are buried in the soil with a hoe.olive soil is compacted, its humidity increases,
all this affects the good rooting of cuttings. When transplanting cuttings into the soil in autumn
and early spring, in the presence of deeply plowed loamy soils, they can be driven into the
ground. If calluses have accumulated on the cuttings, they are buried in the soil with a hoe. The
amount of transplanting of cuttings into the soil per 1 ha depends on the duration of their care in
the nursery. If a seedling is cared for in a nursery for a year, then 72 thousand cuttings are
carried out on 1 hectare, If 58 thousand pieces are placed over two years. The distance between
the rows is 70 cm, the distance between the cuttings should preferably be placed from 20 cm in
the first case, up to 25 cm in the second. When planting the cuttings in the soil, it is left above
the soil by a third.if a seedling is cared for in a nursery throughout the year, then 72 thousand
cuttings are carried out on 1 hectare, If 58 thousand pieces are placed over two years. The
distance between the rows is 70 cm, the distance between the cuttings should preferably be
placed from 20 cm in the first case, up to 25 cm in the second. When planting the cuttings in the
soil, it is left above the soil by a third. The rest of the time, irrigation ditches should provide
sufficient moisture when opened and for planted cuttings. Cuttings planted in autumn are
planted deeper than in spring.
Care should be taken to plant poplar cuttings in rows in a straight line. The row should be no
more than 100 m long. Longer rows make it difficult to water, chamois at the beginning of rows
and lack of moisture at the end of rows. Therefore, if the rows are more than 100 m long, they
are separated by an axial ditch.
Table 1 follows to take care to plant poplar cuttings in rows in a straight line. The row
length should be no more than 10
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When using California poplar cuttings, cuttings ranging in size from 10 to 35 cm and in
diameter from 5 to 18 mm were used to grow seedlings. In each variant, 50 cuttings were
planted, and they were planted in the ground on March 5.When using California poplar cuttings,
cuttings ranging in size from 10 to 35 cm and in diameter from 5 to 18 mm were used to grow
seedlings. In each variant, 50 cuttings were planted, and they were planted in the ground on
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March 5. According to Table 1, all the results showed the high efficiency of cuttings in the
experiment in terms of bud formation and callous formation, as well as the degree of root
formation and preservation of cuttings in the variant with a cuttings length of 25-30 cm and a
diameter of 10-12 mm.
Timely good care of the cuttings After planting the poplar will ensure the successful cultivation
of its seedlings. Only with good care can a high level of viability and rapid growth of cuttings
be achieved. One of the important measures in the care of poplar cuttings is watering. Cuttings
are watered at intervals of 10-15 days for two months after planting in the soil, later this interval
can be extended.good belt care of the cuttings After planting the poplar will ensure the
successful cultivation of its seedlings. Only with good care can a high level of viability and
rapid growth of cuttings be achieved. One of the important measures in the care of poplar
cuttings is watering. Cuttings are watered at intervals of 10-15 days for two months after
planting in the soil, later this interval can be extended. When watering, the infiltration method
can also be used (irrigation with a small drain). With properly organized irrigation, an average
of 800 m3 is consumed per 1 hectare of the area on which the cuttings were carried out,
depending on the composition of the soil. The amount of irrigation depends on the weather and
the hydrological state of the soil. In years when there is a lot of precipitation, the amount of
irrigation is low, and in dry years-a lot.properly organized watering on 1 ha of the area on
which the cuttings were carried out consumes an average of 800 m3 per watering, depending on
the composition of the soil. The amount of irrigation depends on the weather and the
hydrological state of the soil. In years when there is a lot of precipitation, the amount of
irrigation is low, and in dry years-a lot. On moderately gray, gray soils with deep groundwater,
they are watered 10-12 times per summer. In areas with close groundwater occurrence, the
number of irrigations during the growing season is reduced to 7-8 times. On rocky soils, 14th
and more watering is possible. In the first year, the soil in the rows is loosened by manual labor
at least 2-3 times to a depth of 8-9 cm, and the row spacing is loosened 4-5 times to a depth of
10-12 cm by horse-drawn or minitractor cultivators.on rocky soils, 14th and more watering is
possible. In a year, the soil in the rows is loosened by manual labor at least 2-3 times to a depth
of 8-9 cm, and the row spacing is loosened 4-5 times to a depth of 10-12 cm by horse-drawn or
minitractor cultivators. In the early stages, the row spacing is processed by manual labor, since
this is the period of root formation, young small poplar roots are easily damaged, and the
cuttings dry out. Loosening of row spacing and manual mowing of weeds in rows is necessary
only if the weeds develop quickly or the soil is compacted. Subsequent rows are loosened only
in the middle of summer, and the last time is loosened after the completion of watering
(watering ends at the end of September).waiting for rows and manual mowing of weeds in rows
is necessary only if the weeds develop quickly or the soil is compacted. Subsequent rows are
loosened only in the middle of summer, and the last time is loosened after the completion of
watering (watering ends at the end of September). Organic (humus, compost) and mineral
(nitrogen, phosphorous) fertilizers are applied to poplar seedlings. They are divided into basic
and auxiliary top dressing. During the main top dressing, humus, compost and mineral
fertilizers are applied before plowing the site. With auxiliary top dressing, mineral fertilizers are
applied during the growing season. During the growing season, the first top dressing is carried
out with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in May, the second with nitrogen fertilizers only in
July and August. The fertilizer is thrown into the aisles, turned over to a depth of 10-15 cm, and
then watered.In addition, mineral fertilizers are applied during the growing season. During the
growing season, the first top dressing is carried out with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in
May, the second with nitrogen fertilizers only in July and August. The fertilizer is thrown into
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the aisles, turned over to a depth of 10-15 cm, and then watered. Humus from organic fertilizers,
depending on the composition of the soil, compost 20-30 t/ha. Mineral fertilizers provide
nitrogen in the main and auxiliary fertilizers at a rate of 120-180 kg / ha, phosphorus-60-80
kg/ha. Row spacing, on the other hand, is cultivated if necessary. But the growing intervals
should not exceed 3 waterings. In the second year, the number of waterings and treatments will
be less than in the first year, with 6-8 waterings and four times loosening of row spacing, a
good result can be achieved. When growing poplar seedlings, excess branches are conditionally
cut off from them.The growing intervals should not exceed 3 waterings. In the second year, the
number of waterings and treatments will be less than in the first year, with 6-8 waterings and
four times loosening of row spacing, a good result can be achieved. When growing poplar
seedlings, excess branches are conditionally cut off from them. In most cases, several branches
grow from cuttings, so in late May and early June, the underdeveloped branches are cut off,
leaving only one that develops well. This method accelerates the growth of the seedling to the
height and diameter of the div. In July and August, the lateral branches of the seedling are cut
off to the tip, and in September they are cut off completely.
A.
B.
D.
Figure 1. A-the process of making cuttings, B-the process of applying mineral fertilizers to
young seedlings, D-the general condition of seedlings (up to 1.8-2.5 m in the 6th month).
The care of the Poplar seedling for the second year includes watering work, the provision of
nutrients, loosening of the soil, the formation of the div of the Hamda. In this case, watering 8
times during the summer, in spring or early summer with nitrogen is fed according to the given
norm in the first year of cultivation, the rows are loosened twice and the row intervals are given
cultivation four times.he care of the Poplar seedling for the second year includes watering work,
the provision of nutrients, loosening of the soil, the formation of the div of the Hamda. In this
case, watering 8 times during the summer, in spring or early summer with nitrogen is fed
according to the given norm in the first year of cultivation, the rows are loosened twice and the
row intervals are given cultivation four times. In mid-summer and autumn, after the end of the
growing season, the plant is cleaned of side branches up to half its height. A poplar seedling is
dug up in the fall after the end of the growing season or in the spring without moving water on
its div. The quality of seedling extraction is determined by its survival after transfer to a
permanent place. Therefore, the seedling must be carefully dug up without damaging the root
system. The digging depth for an annual seedling is 30x30 CM, and for two years-50x50 CM.
poplar seedling is dug up in the fall after the end of the growing season or in the spring without
moving water on its div. The quality of seedling extraction is determined by its survival after
transfer to a permanent place. Therefore, the seedling must be carefully dug up without
damaging the root system. The digging depth for an annual seedling is 30x30 CM, and for two
years-50x50 CM. Seedlings can be dug up using VPN — 2 branded plug mechanisms powered
by a hoe or DT-54 tractor. The excavated seedlings are sorted and temporarily buried. To do
this, a sickle is dug to a depth of 35-40 CM, and the seedlings are planted in the ditch, tilting
them in a hole with the roots pointing down, and the upper part, the roots, are buried with soil.
With such ready-made seedlings, we can build quality, wooden Poplar plantations.
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4.J.M. Namozov, and Y.X. Yuldashov. "Technology of construction and care of almond
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5.J.M. Namozov, and Y.X. Yuldashov. "The composition of chemical elements in the
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