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GRAMMATICAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE NOUN PHRASE
Keldiyev Elbek Ulugbekovich
Tashkent University of Applied Sciences
II stage master's student
Annotation.
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the grammatical possibilities of
the noun phrase in the Uzbek language. It covers the morphological features of nouns, their
formation through declension categories, possessive suffixes, and syntactic functions. It also
explains the possibilities of nouns as primary and secondary parts of speech, their role in word
combinations, and sentence structure on a scientific basis. During the study, the grammatical
formation system of nouns, the diversity of their use in speech, and expressive possibilities
were analyzed based on examples. The article aims to show the role and importance of the noun
phrase in the theory and practice of linguistics.
Keywords:
word class, grammatical possibilities, morphological features, syntactic functions,
possessive suffixes, conjugation category.
Introduction.
Grammar is a major branch of linguistics that studies the formation of
words in speech and the structure of sentences. The term "grammar" is used in linguistics in
two main senses: 1) the grammatical structure of a language, the system of form and meaning
that determines the relationship of words in speech. Morphology is the branch of linguistics that
studies word
classes, in which word structure is studied by analyzing grammatical form and
meaning; 2) a special field of science that studies this system. Grammar serves not only to
analyze the structure of a language, but also to create a system of rules for its correct use.
Grammar has two main sections: morphology and syntax.
Morphology.
Studies the laws of the formation of lexemes in speech and their
grammatical meanings. This section analyzes the base of the word and the form-forming affixes
added to it, further clarifying its grammatical properties. For example, the lexeme "apples" is
alma- base, -lar plural, -ni declension. Through this analysis, the analysis in syntax becomes
more precise.
Syntax.
Studies the relationship between words and sentences. It analyzes the order and
functional significance of the components of the sentence structure
1
.
Analysis and results.
Language is a holistic system, a phenomenon with a long process
of formation. In the study and analysis of language, it is extremely important to know the period
of its formation and the stages of development. In particular, in the morphological analysis of
words it is very important to know the process of language change, its current state. In this
regard, it is appropriate to consider the types of morphology. Below we will consider the types
1
Mengliyev B., Ergasheva G., Hamroyeva Sh. Fundamentals of Linguistics. Textbook.-T., 2025. 342 p
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of morphology. Historical morphology. Historical morphology studies the historical
development and formation process of words. This direction is engaged in analyzing the causes
of the emergence and evolution of grammatical changes in the language. For example, the
ancient word form "ich" (root) + kari (demonstrative case suffix) in the Uzbek language has
become indispensable today.
Modern morphology.
Modern morphology studies the current state of the language and
analyzes word forms. This direction serves to determine the current rules and forms. For
example, the word "kitobim" is a word with the root kitob - base and the possessive suffix "-im",
which fully complies with the rules of modern morphology today. This morphological analysis
is aimed at studying grammatical units and their functions in the current language
2
.
There are several concepts in linguistics, among which the main ones are grammatical category
and grammatical meaning. Category is one of the important concepts in linguistics, it is
interpreted in two main meanings:Category as a concept. Category is an abstract concept that
reflects the general characteristic and property of an object or phenomenon. Any object is
reflected in the mind as a concept.Category as a system and paradigm. A category is also
considered as a set of units that form a certain system in the language system. In this sense, a
category represents a paradigm related to a system of grammatical forms. Each category
consists of its own structure and members. A category represents not only a system of formal
forms, but also a system of meaning. A grammatical category embodies two main meanings:
Categorical meaning: a generalized grammatical meaning within this category. For example,
the word "book" reflects the category of a noun. Non-categorical meaning: these are other
meanings that do not fall within the scope of a grammatical category, but participate in it. For
example, the word "unlar" - in the sense of non-categorical meaning, i.e. type, variety, variety,
etc.
We can initially divide grammatical categories into two groups:
1) lexical categories
- are specific to a certain word class and serve to change the lexical
meaning. For example, diminutives, plurals, diminutives-petals, respect, which are specific to
nouns;
2) syntactic category
- characteristic of parts of speech, serves to enter words into syntactic
connection. In the Uzbek language, they are possessive (forms a dominant word) and
subordinative (forms a subordinate word)
3
.
The category of possession. From the history of the study of the category of possession. The
formation, content, use, and interaction of the category of possession have been sufficiently
studied in Uzbek linguistics and have not left any linguist indifferent. In Turkic studies, N.K.
Dmitriyev, C.N. Ivanov, N.A. Baskakov, A.K. Borovkov, H. Ne'matov; in Uzbek linguistics, a
number of scholars such as Sh. Shoabdurahmonov, A. G'ulomov, Sh. Rahmatullayev, G'.
Zikrillayev, F. Abdurahmonov, U. Tursunov have studied the quantity, type, order, place of
combination of the form of possession, the aspect of content, mutual and other categorical
forms relationship, relationship with the word class studied
The indicators of the category of possession are: – (i)m, - (i)miz, -(i)ng, -(i)ngiz, - (i) si. The
category of possession indicates which person and number the subject-event belongs to, and
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connects the main word with which it is combined to the accusative case or the word in the
main case. For example, a page of a book, Navoi Street.
The possessive category can also be adopted by other word classes, but the method of the
possessive form in the noun word class is important. The general meaning of the possessive
category in the noun word class is the function of connecting the next word to the previous
word. Even though the language has developed and the possessive category has been used in
different ways and has revealed different shades of meaning, the general meaning, namely
“connecting the next noun to the previous noun,” remains. Since the possessive category
connects the word it is connected to with another word, it requires that the word before it has a
demonstrative consonant.
In this syntax, the noun compound forms a compound word in the form of noun+noun. For
example, the street of the city, one of the birds. When we study the speech aspect of the
possessive affix, two cases arise that do not require the accusative case: a) we can cite a free
compound such as Babur bog'i, Aral dengizi. In this case, the third form of the possessive affix
does not express the meaning of the accent, but rather the meaning of separation from the
general. b) the category of possession is rounded, compounds that have undergone changes in
the language process and become inseparable. For example, at night, during the day. The
category of possession can sometimes come with the accusative case. In this case, it can mainly
indicate quantity or sign. For example, one of the students.
The paradigm of the category of possession. The category of possession is important in that it is
combined with different categories and gives rise to various colorful meanings. Although all
meanings are nuanced, it plays an important role in indicating the stylistic properties of the
noun, that is, its grammatical possibilities, and in the syntactic category.
Paradigm of the category of agreement.
In the Uzbek language, the category of agreement
cannot be studied separately. They complement, clarify, and explain each other. Therefore,
studying it as a holistic system is important from the point of view of modern linguistics. For
example, the forms of the category of agreement can be synonymous with each other. They are
clearly visible in the paradigm of the text.
1) Changing from / to: Gardener: Take from the grapes.
2) Changing from / to: The guest rode on a horse.
3) Changing from / to: He walked through the desert.
4) Changing from / to: One of the students.
The category of agreement and the auxiliary can also be synonymous.
1) The - to - can be synonymous with the auxiliary because of the agreement. For example, I
took it to my mother - I took it for my mother.
2) can be synonymous with its auxiliary in the form of a place-time agreement. For example,
wrote the letter in pencil- he wrote the letter with a pen.
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3) can be synonymous with its auxiliary in the form of a departure agreement. For example, We
got the news on the phone.- We learned the news by phone.
4) can be synonymous with its auxiliary in the form of a return agreement. For example, He
said his father had returned from the war -
Conclusion.
The noun word class is one of the main lexical-grammatical layers of the language,
and by expressing objects and concepts, it forms the central part of speech. In terms of
grammatical possibilities, nouns have morphological categories such as number, possession and
agreement, and their change in form performs important functions in the syntactic system of the
language. The conjugation category of nouns expresses syntactic relations between parts of
speech, while the categories of number and possession determine the quantitative, personal or
possessive properties of the subject. The strong morphological and syntactic capabilities of
nouns in the language system create conditions for their strong grammatical relationships with
other word classes. Therefore, the noun word class is recognized as a central, stable and
multifaceted unit in the grammatical structure of the language.
List of used literature:
1. Ne'matov H.Gʻ and Sayfullayeva R.R. Modern Uzbek language. Morphology Volume 1 –
Tashkent: “Mumtoz soʻz”, 2008. – 402 p.
2. G‘ulomov A. Plural category in Uzbek language. – T., 1994 .
3. G‘ulomov A. Conjugations in Uzbek language/Trudy Uzbek branch of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR. Ser.2.Kn.2. – T., 1941.
4. Mengliyev B., Ergasheva G., Hamroyeva Sh. Fundamentals of Linguistics. Textbook.-T.,
2025. 492 p
5. Rahmatullayev Sh. On classifications of the conjugation of the current Uzbek language /
Scientific notes of the Tashkent State University, issue 359/Problems of Russian and Uzbek
linguistics. – Tashkent, 1969.
6. Shakhobiddinova Sh. On the interpretation of grammatical meaning: candidate of
philological sciences. … dissertation. author ref.
7. Fakhri Kamol The current Uzbek language. Tashkent: “Publishing house of the Academy of
Sciences of Uzbekistan”. 1967. – 318 p.
