INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 08,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
709
WORKING ON PERSIAN WORDS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Isakov Zakirjon Solievich
of Kokand State University, Candidate of Philological Sciences.
Abstract:
This article discusses the content of words borrowed from the Persian-Tajik language,
their use in their own and figurative meanings, and the meanings used in the text, given in
Chapter 1 of the fourth-grade textbook "Reading Literacy" .
Keywords:
own layer, borrowed word, borrowed word , linguistic richness, primary meaning,
secondary meaning, rhetorical alertness, historical truth, rhetorical perfection.
Annotation:
v dannoy state na osnoe privedeno soderjanie slov, zaimstvovannyx iz persidsko-
tadjikskogo zyzyka, privedennyx v glave 1 uchebnika "Gramotnost chteniya" dlya chetvertogo
klasa, ix pryamoe i perenosnoe upotreblenie, a takje znachenie, ispolzuemoe v tekste mysli. The
basics are interesting.
Key words:
sobstvennyy sloy, zaimstvovannoe slovo, proizvodnoe slovo, zyzykovoe fortune,
pervichnoe znachenie, perenosnoe znachenie, rechevaya chuvstvitelnost, istoricheskaya pravda,
rechevoe sovershenstvo.
Abstract:
this article presents the content of words borrowed from the Persian-Tajik language,
given in Chapter 1 of the textbook "Reading Literacy" for the fourth grade, their direct and
figurative use, as well as the meaning used in the text of thought. Basis of complaints.
Keywords:
own layer, borrowed word, derivative word, linguistic richness, primary meaning,
figurative meaning, speech sensitivity, historical truth, speech perfection.
Today, in order to understand our identity, the need to study our rich history and culture,
the unforgettable heritage of our ancestors, to know their religious and secular thinking is
increasing, and it is natural that this need can only be met through a deep and scientific study
and comprehensive research of our artistic and scientific works. Our government has created
many conditions for us to study and analyze the literary monuments of the past. Revealing the
rich potential of the Uzbek language is one of the important tasks of the present day. For a very
long time in the history of Uzbek linguistics, thoughts have been held about words and their
meanings, the history of their origin. The current “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek
Language” includes 80 thousand words, in which the meanings of words are explained in detail,
and many borrowed words have also been included in the dictionary. The research conducted
by enthusiasts of our language on the study and research of loanwords is certainly
commendable.
Since the universe is constantly undergoing progressive changes, language, which is its
reflection, is also changing. Since language is a social phenomenon, of course, all changes in
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 08,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
710
society are reflected in it. The friendly relations between peoples that are taking place in our
lives today have a significant impact on the expansion of language material. This is evidenced
by the increasing layer of borrowed words in our language.
The current lexicon of the Uzbek language can be divided into two layers from a
historical perspective :
1. Own layer. 2. Absorbed layer.
Own layer. The own layer includes general Turkic words and Uzbek words. Pan-Turkic
words are words that are common to all Turkic peoples. These words are words that arose as a
result of the merger and separation of Turkic tribes, and are now words belonging to the
language of the peoples known as Turkic peoples. Pan-Turkic words make up the main part,
almost half, of the current Uzbek lexicon. In the conditions of the Uzbek language, words
created on the basis of the Uzbek language and other language elements are called Uzbek words.
Uzbek words are created on the basis of the internal capabilities of the Uzbek language, on the
basis of its own laws.
The borrowed layer. For historical reasons, many words from other languages have
entered the vocabulary of the current Uzbek language. Words that have entered the Uzbek
language from other languages are called borrowed words (borrowed words). Borrowed words
include words from Uyghur, Tajik, Arabic, Russian, German, French, Spanish, English and
other languages. [4].
, it has been a well-known fact that no nation in the world can develop culturally without
having any contact with neighboring and fraternal peoples. Every nation can and should learn
from others [1, 3].
In this article, we considered it necessary to provide a layer of words borrowed from the
Persian-Tajik language in the first part of the new fourth- grade textbook “Reading Literacy”[6]
and to distribute them by topic. Part 1 of this textbook covers fifteen topics and a total of 144
Persian borrowed words are given. The first topic is called “Your Homeland is the Only One!”
and this topic contains 23 words borrowed from the Persian-Tajik language. The text of the
topic includes words borrowed from the Persian-Tajik language such as havo, non, mehr, do'st,
tolazor, gyyoh.
Mehr – Persian. 1) love, affection, love; 2) friendship, kindness, mercy, compassion; 3)
mercy, compassion, gentleness [the meanings of all the explained words are explained based on
the information in the 5th literature].
This text uses the third meaning of the word love.
Friend – Persian. 1) friend, comrade; 2) lover. The first meaning of the word friend used
in the following sentence is explained. “Love of the homeland is combined with love for
parents, brothers, sisters, and friends.”
Tree – Persian. In the text, the word tree appears in its own meaning in the following
sentence: “At the time these trees dried up, there was a drought in the American continent, and
the trees of this type there also dried up.”
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 08,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
711
Air I. – Arabic-Persian. air, air II. – Arabic-Persian. pride, honor, pride, or, air III. –
Arabic-Persian. melody, tune, melody. The first meaning of the word air is used in the text: “As
dear and sacred as air, sun, water, bread, parents are to a person, so is the homeland.”
Bread – Persian. 1) bread. 2) food and drink in general, something necessary for living,
subsistence. The first meaning of the word bread is used in the following sentence: “As dear
and sacred as air, sun, water, bread, and parents are to a person, so is the homeland.”
Garden – Persian. garden , garden. “Over the years, the garden turned into a forest.” The
word garden is used in the text in the sense of garden, that is, orchard. The word garden is
defined as follows in the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language.
Garden.I. [f. orchard, meadow, bo'ston]. An area of land occupied by fruit trees, vines,
and flowers; orchard. Apple orchard.
Tie II. 1. A thing that serves to bind and its place of attachment, a knot; a tie.
2. Hay, alfalfa, straw, greens, etc., gathered, bundled, and tied at the waist. A bag of
wheat [5, 350].
Herb – Persian. 1) plant, vegetation; 2) grass, greenery, grass, meadow; 3) narcotic
substance. The first meaning of the word herb is used in the text. “Love for the homeland
begins with love for this soil, for the fields of the native village, for the hills that turn into tulip
fields in the spring, for the blue mountains that rise in the distance, and even for the steppes and
deserts where no vegetation grows except for yantog and saxaul.”
Tulip field – Persian. A tulip field is a meadow full of tulips, a place where tulips bloom.
The word tulip field used in the text expresses its meaning above. “Love for the homeland
begins with love for this soil, for the fields of the native village, for the hills that turn into tulip
fields in the spring, for the blue mountains that rise in the distance, and even for the steppes and
deserts where no vegetation grows except for yantog and saxaul.”
Incomparable – Persian-Arabic. 1. Unparalleled, unparalleled, incomparable, unique. 2.
Extremely, infinitely, boundless. This word is used in the following sentence in the text,
meaning “extremely boundless, boundless.” “In its glory, it is priceless and incomparable.”
In this case, the word beqiyos is considered a made-up word, made in the case of
be+qiyos [Persian-Arabic], and be- is considered a Persian word-former.
In conclusion, we can say that the new edition of the 4th grade textbook contains a large
number of borrowed words. Providing the young generation, who are the owners of our future,
with basic knowledge of linguistics, such as the structure of our native language, from which
languages some of its words were borrowed, and what suffixes are used to form words, will
help to educate the younger generation in the spirit of interest in their native language. This will
also significantly increase the vocabulary of primary school students.
References:
1. Shodiev E. Alisher Navoi and Persian-Tajik writers. – Tashkent: O'qituv, 1989. – 340 p.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 08,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
712
2. Hojiyev A. Explanatory dictionary of linguistic terms. – Tashkent: O'qituvati, 1985. – 144
p.
3. Hojiyev A. Explanatory dictionary of linguistic terms. – Tashkent: National Encyclopedia
of Uzbekistan, 2002. – 168 p.
4.
https://elib.buxdu.uz/index.php/pages/referatlar-mustaqil-ish-kurs-ishi/item/13795-o-zbek-
tili-leksikasida-oz-va-o-zlashgan-qatlam
5. Explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language . Five volumes. – Tashkent: O'ME, 2006 –
2008.
6. Toirova ME Reading literacy. Grade 4. Part I. – Tashkent: Edutainment, 2023. – 80 p.
