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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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34
ELIMINATING FACTORS THAT CAUSE DEFECTS IN
THE STORAGE OF RAW SILK
Sh.A. Sulaymanov
Andijan State Technical Institute Associate professor
Sulaymon.72 @mail.ru +998902002530
Abstract:
The research conducted shows that in recent years, the sericulture industry, including
the processes from silkworm farming to the production of silk products, and the equipment used
in these processes, have been improving. Currently, to ensure the continuous operation of
sericulture enterprises, silkworms are stored in the warehouses of silkworm breeding enterprises.
Although this may seem like a simple situation, it is of great technological significance. This is
because during storage, the silkworms are exposed to environmental factors, metrological
conditions, various pests, and other factors, leading to the disruption of the structure of the
silkworm layers, damage to the silk layers, and the aging of sericin. Experiments have shown
that when the storage period exceeds 11-12 months, raw silk yield decreases by 6.5%, the silk's
flexibility decreases by 7.1%, and as a result, during the spinning process, the loss in output
increases by 1.6%, while the recovery rate increases by 1.3%.
Keywords:
Cocoon, defective cocoon, cocoon lotion, Bardo and Sivuš oils, silk rings, chemical
and biological mixtures, raw silk.
Our republic occupies a leading position in the cultivation of raw materials essential for the
textile industry, such as cotton, natural silk, hemp, and wool, and plays an important role in the
economy while fulfilling the population's needs[1]. Additionally, the products produced are
used in other industrial sectors for technical purposes. In the context of the development of the
market economy, especially during a period of global financial crisis, it becomes critically
important to effectively utilize local raw materials, expand the range of consumer goods,
improve their quality, increase the export potential of textile enterprises, and produce import-
substituting products[2].
As emphasized by our President, it is necessary to export not cheap raw materials but high-
quality finished products. To expand export opportunities and enter global markets, it is
essential to develop joint ventures that produce finished goods based on the processing of
valuable raw materials. Modern compact enterprises should be built in cooperation with foreign
partners and located near rural areas, which are sources of labor[3].
Moreover, the silk industry is one of the major production sectors in the Republic of Uzbekistan,
and it holds a leading position in the world in terms of cocoon production and processing [4].
Therefore, this sector becomes a significant export source for independent Uzbekistan [5].
The government has set a goal in its targeted program to establish silk enterprises based on
modern technologies and advanced techniques in our regions and to ensure that at least 70% of
the produced products are exported [6].
Currently, cocoons are stored in silkworm storage warehouses to ensure the continuous
operation of sericulture enterprises[7]. While this may seem like a simple matter, it holds
significant importance for technological processes. The preservation of cocoons leads to
structural damage to the cocoon layers, the deterioration of the silk layer, and the aging of
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 08,2025
Journal:
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35
sericin due to environmental conditions, meteorological factors, pests, and other influences[8].
Experimental data shows that if the storage period exceeds 11-12 months [9], the yield of raw
silk decreases by 6.5%, and the tenderness decreases by 7.1%, while the cocoon's weight
increases by 1.6%, and the yield from the boiling process increases by 1.3% [10]. Long-term
storage of the cocoons results in damage caused by various pests and rodents [11]. The
appearance of termites is due to environmental pollution. Currently, one of the pests found in
silkworm warehouses is An Aremus Slavipes. When studied, it was found that this pest, with an
oval shape and white, yellow, and black spots on its div, damages the cocoon and its contents,
and over time, damages the cocoon shell [12].
The appearance and multiplication of termites significantly damage the silkworm industry.
They are found mainly in the initial processing bases and storage warehouses [13]. Termites
thrive in decayed cocoon shells or defective cocoons, bird nests, and their larvae [14]. The
study revealed that certain types of termites, such as Dermester Yandarius, O. masulatus, and
Srischie, are particularly dangerous for sericulture [14]. The larvae of the Dermester species
destroy the wooden parts of buildings and create nests, later becoming beetles that fly away[15].
To protect the cocoons in sericulture and cocoon processing, it is essential to carry out repairs
in storage facilities and closed rooms before accepting new crops and to close any holes and
cracks. All areas where the cocoon is stored and the surrounding environment should be
disinfected using a 80% technical chlorophos solution (1.9-2.3 g/m²), 50% carboxyl solution
(1.5-2 g/m²), or 50% chemical solutions[16]. However, due to the shortage of these chemical
solutions, especially those imported, the necessary actions are often not carried out.
Scientific research indicates that if the substance contains amino groups, the Cocoon beetle will
not consume these substances. In our study, we used the waste products of the "Biokimyo"
factory (Bardo and Sivuš oils) and synthesized a surface-active substance (SFM) under
laboratory conditions. The prepared SFM contains hydroxyl and carboxyl groups similar to
those in the cocoon's composition. The substance is neutral and non-toxic, and it contains
amino groups that are not consumed by the Cocoon beetles and other pests. It does not
negatively affect the health of workers in the cocoon processing plants.
The experiments were conducted in the main cocoon workshop of the Altinkul district of
Andijan region. Before initial processing, the cocoon was treated with new chemical
preparations (SFM) and then underwent technological processing. The dried cocoons, 30 kg
each, were packed in hemp (rovendukh) bags and sent to the storage warehouses of the cocoon
processing plant.
The cocoons sent for the experiment were stored in the warehouses of the "Ipakchi" limited
liability company in Andijan city for 11-12 months. The results of the experiment showed that
in comparison with the control group, the cocoons treated with chemical preparations had 60-
67% less damage from Cocoon beetles.
When the cocoons treated with chemical preparations (SFM) were stored in batches of 5 kg and
tested quarterly, it was found that the modification process increased the yield of cocoon
spinning by 1.2 - 1.9% compared to the control group.
In conclusion
, modifying the cocoons before the initial processing with new SFM based on
Bardo oil residue and Sivuš oil significantly reduces the factors causing defects during storage.
1. A method for determining the amount of weight force affecting the cocoons and shell in the
technological processes of preparation, storage and DIB of wet and dry cocoons, external
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 08,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
36
mechanical forces, and the amount of weight exerted by 30 kg of cocoons in the warehouses of
the cocooning enterprise.
2. Factors causing pollution, damage of cocoons and husks, changes in physical chemical and
physical mechanical properties - of silk fibers in cocoons husks were analyzed and determined
in technological processes of PDIB and dry cocoons storage .-
3. The causes of wear and deformation of cocoons and shells during storage of dry cocoons
were studied and the negative effects of these factors were theoretically justified.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 08,2025
Journal:
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37
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