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Original article
197
APPLICATION OF MARIA MONTESSORI’S METHOD IN PREPARING CHILDREN
FOR SCHOOL
Nazarova Dilnoza O‘razaliyevna
Zarmed University (Samarkand Campus)
Lecturer at the Department of Social Sciences
Abdusalomova Sevara Dilshod qizi
Samarkand state institute of foreign language second year student
Annotatsiya:
Bolaga yo‘naltirilgan ta’limning o‘ziga xosligi, Mantessori metodikasini
afzalliklari yoritib beriladi. Ta’lim mazmuni va metodlari bola shaxsining shakllanishi, uni
mustaqil shaxs sifatida tan olishi jarayonlari kechadigan muhitda tashkil etish tahlillari
keltirilgan.
Аннотация:
Выделены уникальность детско-ориентированного образования,
преимущества метода Монтессори. Представлен анализ организации содержания и
методов обучения в среде, где происходят процессы формирования личности ребенка и
его признания как самостоятельной личности.
Abstract:
The uniqueness of child-oriented education, the advantages of the Montessori
method are highlighted. Analyzes of the organization of educational content and methods in the
environment where the processes of the formation of the child's personality and his recognition
as an independent person take place are presented.
Kalit so’zlar:
“Rivojlanish”, “Erkinlik”, “Mustaqillik”, “Ijod”, “O‘ziga xoslik” shaxsga
yo‘naltirilgan ta’limning tayanch iboralari hisoblanadi.
Ключевые слова:
“Развитие”, “Свобода”, “Независимость”, “Творчество”, “Свое
образие” основные фразы личностно-ориентированного образования.
Key words:
“Development”, “Freedom”, “Independence”, “Creativity”, “Identity” are key
phrases of person-oriented education.
The Uniqueness of Child-Centered Education
The distinctive feature of child-centered education is that a child develops not according to
someone’s wishes or orders, but based on their own capabilities, potential, nature, and abilities.
One approach to child-centered education is the Montessori method. The content and methods of
education are organized in an environment where the child’s personality develops, allowing them
to recognize themselves as independent individuals. If this process is both child-centered and
humanistic, then the pedagogical activity reaches the level of true human development.
Maria Montessori and Her Educational Philosophy
Maria Montessori was an Italian educator and doctor. She studied medicine at the University of
Rome and, despite facing gender discrimination, successfully completed her education. She was
the first woman in Italy to earn a doctorate in medicine.
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
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Original article
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After graduation, Montessori studied children with intellectual disabilities and extensively
researched education. In 1912, she published her main work,
The Montessori Method in the
Children’s House
, describing her experiences and research. She later focused on training
teachers to work with children with intellectual disabilities. Her school gained recognition for its
compassionate and attentive approach to children.
Key Principles of the Montessori Method
•The Montessori method is based on observing children and emphasizes self-education
.
•According to Montessori, parents should accept their children as they are
.
•The method is summarized by the phrase: “Help me do it myself.” Montessori believed
that a child does not need punishment or rewards to learn effectively. Instead, a proper
environment should be created, and the child should not be helped unless they ask for it.
The Child as Their Own Teacher
When a child enters kindergarten, they often observe the toys on the shelf for a while. Usually, a
teacher suggests a toy for them to play with. However, according to Montessori, a child should
be left alone until they choose a toy themselves. No one should act on behalf of the child.
Independence is key. Although some parents may struggle to allow their child to experiment on
their own, Montessori emphasized that a child learns best through personal experience. This self-
directed learning builds both independence and self-confidence.
The first six years of a child’s life are crucial for their development. The Montessori method
provides an alternative educational system for children from 8 months to 12 years old
,
with the
following characteristics:
1. A strong philosophical foundation.
2. A method that follows philosophical and psychological principles.
3. The absence of a traditional classroom system.
Philosophical, Psychological, and Pedagogical Principles
Philosophical Principle
-Montessori believed that children are fundamentally different from
adults. Their way of thinking is unique, which she called “the absorbent mind.”
Psychological Principle
-Education should be individualized. Montessori identified
Sensitive
periods
—stages in a child’s development where they naturally acquire certain skills. During
these stages, external influence from adults is minimal.
Main sensitive periods:
•
Speech development:
0 – 6 years
•
Order sensitivity:
0 – 3 years
•
Sensorial development:
0 – 5.5 years
•
Perception of small objects:
1 – 4 years
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Original article
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•
Social skills development:
2.5 – 6 years
Pedagogical Principle
- Montessori teachers first demonstrate how to use Montessori materials
,
then allow children to work independently. The teacher acts as a guide rather than a traditional
instructor.
Core Components of Montessori Education Montessoris approach consists of three main
components:
1. The Child
2. The Environment
3.
The Teacher
Education is child-centered, and the environment is carefully designed to support independent
learning. Montessori emphasized that a teacher’s role is not to instruct but to guide the child’s
learning process
.
Children in a Montessori classroom choose activities that interest them, fostering independence
and confidence. The method encourages intrinsic motivation, rather than competition or external
rewards. Montessori classrooms are designed to be joyful places where children feel safe,
comfortable, and free to explore.
Montessori Materials and Activities Montessori education covers:
Practical life exercises
•
Sensorial development
•
Language preparation (reading and writing)
•
Mathematics
•
Spatial education (cosmos studies)
•
Creative activities
•
Laboratory experiments
All materials are age-appropriate, easily accessible, and designed for independent use.
Conclusion
According to the Montessori method, children should have the freedom to choose their learning
activities. This fosters self-reliance and confidence while enhancing natural learning abilities.
Montessori materials are designed to be engaging, allowing children to correct their own
mistakes. The Montessori system does not encourage competition but rather focuses on
individual growth
.
References
1. “Preschool Education” Journal – D. Djumanova, Editor-in-Chief of “Modern
Education” Journal.
Montessori Method in Child-Centered Education.
ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241
Volume 6, issue 1, Fevral 2025
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Original article
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2. “Montessori Method Recommendations” – Z. Rustamova, UN Methodologist,
2004.
3.
Enhanced “First Step” Curriculum
, 2022.
