Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Theory and methodology of gender research. Gender
aspect in translation
Toshtemir ALIMOV
1
Karshi State University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received November 2024
Received in revised form
10 December 2024
Accepted 25 December 2024
Available online
25 January 2025
This article delineates the distinctive characteristics of poetic
and prose translation, direct translation, assonance and
dissonance in translation, linguistic and cultural challenges in
translation, pragmatic problems in pragmatic association, and
the translation of realities. The provision of an adequate
translation for the reader is a pressing issue in the realm of
research in translation studies.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol3-iss1
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
formal equivalence,
receptor language,
interlingual and
intercultural
communication,
influence of gender.
Gender tadqiqotlar nazariyasi va metodologiyasi.
Tarjimadagi gender aspekt
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
rasmiy ekvivalentlik,
retseptor tili,
tillararo va madaniyatlararo
muloqot,
gender ta
’
sir.
Ushbu maqolada toʻgʻridan
-
toʻgʻri tarjimada sheʼriy va nasriy
tarjimaning oʻziga xos xususiyatlari, tarjimadagi assonans va
dissonans, tarjimaning lingvistik va madaniy muammolari,
pragmatik muammolar, pragmatik assotsiatsiya, voqelik
tarjimasi, oʻquvchiga adekvat tarjimani taʼminlash masalalari
bayon etilgan, tarjimashunoslikning dolzarb masalalari tadqiq
qilingan.
1
PhD, Senior Teacher, Karshi State University. E-mail: toshtemiralimov@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
2
Теория и методология гендерных исследований.
Гендерный аспект в переводе
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
формальная
эквивалентность,
язык
-
рецептор,
межъязыковая и
межкультурная
коммуникация,
влияние пола.
В данной статье рассматриваются особенности
поэтического и прозаического перевода, включая такие
аспекты,
как
ассонанс
и
диссонанс,
лингвокультурологические проблемы, прагматические
аспекты перевода, а также перевод реалий. Отдельное
внимание уделяется вопросам обеспечения адекватности
перевода для читателя. Эти темы входят в число
актуальных направлений исследований в области
переводоведения.
English is one of the international languages that is utilised as a second language in
numerous countries worldwide. Learning this language facilitates communication with
people from diverse cultural backgrounds. It is important to note that English and Uzbek
languages are characterized by distinct cultural identities, and intercultural
communication has a significant impact on language. This process occurs through both
direct and indirect translation methods.
Translation is a general term that refers to the expression of thoughts and ideas from
one language to another, so the content of the translation must correspond to the original
text. In addition, translation from one language to another facilitates cross-cultural
communication, which is necessary in today's society, that is, formal equivalence,
translation, and dynamic equivalence must pay special attention to the compatibility of the
translation with the receptor language and culture. Dynamic equivalent translation
conveys the message of the original text, so the response of people who read or heard the
translated message is the same as the response of people who read or heard the original
text.
Translation includes not only language but also culture. Translation is not bilingual,
but an activity that takes place between two cultures at the same time.
A translator creates a connection between two cultures through his translation.
A translator is required not only to know two languages but also to have a good
understanding of both cultures. Translation is a tool that serves the interests of friendship,
fraternity, and cooperation between different peoples, and the expansion of economic-
political, scientific, cultural, and literary relations between them.
G. According to Salomov, the term "Translation" was changed from the Persian word
"tarzabon" into Arabic, and tarzabon means "a beautiful speaker, eloquent, burro-tongued
person" in Persian. The Arabic form of this word is "interpreter", from which "translation"
or "translation" is derived.
The translator must have a good understanding of the differences between the
source language and the receptor language, so it is very important to find the equivalent of
the words in the source language that are compatible and have the same meaning in the
receptor language because the problems encountered in the translation process are
ultimately can lead to an incorrect, incomprehensible translation.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
3
During the translation process, the translator works with words, phrases, and
sentences expressed in two languages, and searches for equivalent words in the language.
That is why the translator faces some difficulties at each stage of the translation process.
These are:
1. Difficulties in analyzing and understanding the source language.
2. Difficulties in the translation process and finding equivalents in the receptor
language.
3. Difficulties in revising the translated text to achieve the best result in translation.
Adequacy of translation is mainly formed based on the pragmatic alternation of the text.
Accordingly, the head of our state said: "From now on, priority will be given to in-
depth teaching of English and other foreign languages. At the same time, important tasks
such as training in the necessary specialties and establishing personnel training on a large
scale were defined. Interlingual and intercultural communication is formed through
translation, situations of adequacy and interference in the translation process, literal and
free translation methods, main types of translation content, acceptance, and forms,
inconsistencies in translation, grammatical difficulties, applied transformations, the use of
comments, annotations, translation editing on foreign special literature is of great
importance
In the research, the gender category is studied as a phenomenon of language and
culture, that is, in the aspect of translation studies.
R. Lakoff's works, which established androcentrism (male orientation) in the
linguistic landscape of the world, gave impetus to the development of gender studies.
Among them, the works of E. Baron Dennis, Biemans Monique, Cameron Deborah, Christie
Christine, King Ruth, Lakoff George, O'Barr William and Atkins Bowman, S. Romaine,
D. Tannen, and Thorne Barrie are important.
In the world, several scientific researches are being carried out to study the
phenomena of the language system from the point of view of the activation of gender
characteristics, including in the following priority directions: to integrate the lexical-
semantic and thematic classification of gender terms into general linguistics; elucidating
the gender factors of speech communication from the psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic
point of view; distinguishing the influence of gender in the use of language tools and the
norms that represent it; comparative analysis of linguistic and cultural characteristics of
groups of units with gender indicators in different languages. Also, it is to determine and
observe the characteristics of gender symbols, such as the degree of reflection in the
stylistic structure of the artistic work, the degree of expansion of the English language
vocabulary at the expense of new professional terms with gender symbols.
Gender and translation. Currently, in the leading scientific centers of the world,
attention is paid to the phenomenon of gender on a large scale, within the framework of
cognitive linguistics, linguistic and cultural studies, intercultural communication
directions, the description of the factors manifested in the communicative actions of men
and women in different communication environments, the determination of the role of
gender relations in human speech activity, defining the theoretical and methodological
principles of the comparative and cross-sectional analysis of gender-indicative units in
different languages, as well as defining the gender phenomenon in human linguistics the
problem of consistent research from the point of view of thinking activity, national
mentality is becoming more urgent.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
4
One of the important tasks facing world translation studies is to carry out
a scientific study of general and national-cultural-specific aspects of translators' gender
characteristics and gender concepts.
Currently, the concept of "gender" is considered not as a primitive category, but as
a socio-cultural, discursive, and psycholinguistic phenomenon. A comparative analysis of
the originals and translations of the works of writers and poets in the world of literature
allows us to show gender differences in the translation of works. Based on this, we can
determine the main differences between the versions performed by both men and women,
as well as how accurately the translator can preserve the original text lexically and
syntactically.
Translating a work of art is a complex process, and translators often use different
variations. In some cases, the gender of the translator can be discerned by the translation,
thus allowing for the identification of characteristics that are indicative of the gender of
the translator. In numerous instances, a work exhibits a pendulum-like oscillation between
two principles of literary translation: a literal yet artistically flawed translation and an
artistically complete yet far from original translation. These two principles are reflected in
the definition of translation from linguistic and literary positions.
There is no doubt that translation is based on linguistic materials, literary
translation cannot be beyond the translation of words and phrases, and the translation
process itself must be based on knowledge of the laws of both languages and an
understanding of the laws of their relationship.
Translation is an important tool of intercultural communication, because it acts as
an intermediary link, helping speakers of one language culture to become acquainted with
the facts of another language. Cultural factors must be considered a fundamental aspect in
the process of translating from a foreign language. The process of translation can therefore
be characterised as infinite proximity and relativity, given that there is no direct one-to-
one alternative between the representation of signs of reality in different languages. The
challenge of preserving the cultural characteristics of the translated language is a
significant hurdle for the translator, who must continually reflect on the original text and
aspire to create a flawless rendition in the target language. Female translators tend to
adopt a more conservative approach, both in terms of vocabulary and the application of
linguistic norms. However, it is noteworthy that female translators also strive to preserve
the original language.
In the years of independence, special attention has been paid to the scientific and
practical research of gender characteristics reflected in the world of translation studies in
our country. In this respect, it is noteworthy that in our country, where the principles of
gender equality and the freedom of all citizens prevail, the issue of equal and equal role of
male and female citizens in society has become a state policy.
The establishment of interpersonal relationships is facilitated through the
utilisation of units inherent within the language system, which are subsequently
articulated through speech. For instance, gender indicators are reflected in differences in
relationships, and at the same time, they are formed based on national-cultural norms and
laws related to gender. The utilisation of a comparative study of the translation system
facilitates the presentation of the masterpieces of our rich national culture, based on the
Uzbek language, to the global audience, thereby exemplifying high humanitarian values.
To achieve this objective, it is imperative to establish a foundation of fundamental research
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
5
at the level of global scientific achievements. In this regard, the head of our state,
Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, has articulated the following perspective: It is important to acknowledge
the following statement by Mirziyoyev: "It is not an accident that the achievements in the
field of science in the world were achieved in the direction of fundamental research."
As a research material, the Uzbek, English, and Russian translations of the novel
"Bygone Days" represent the need for the analysis of the principles and features of the
formation of gender aspects of the translators in the work of translation.
The understanding of translation as a closely related relationship with ideology has
been recognized in recent decades. All conflicts and ideological frameworks are subject to
translation and ultimately determine how the translated text portrays the original text.
Gender inequality is one of the most problematic situations. This is because gender
relations are widespread and taken for granted
Gender and biography, fueled by the "second wave" of the women's movement, are
a common part of feminism and are therefore seen as an integral part of the gender
linguistics curriculum.
The ongoing development of language from a reflective model to a constitutive
model of speech implies changes in gender translations.
The study of gender and translation "about the second" is a radical, practical
approach to removing the patriarchal language of feminism. The common methods of
feminist writers and translators were to liberate women from patriarchal tyranny in
language and to express a distinctive feature of editing through a large-scale renewal of
language, "the entanglement of burdensome and reductive definitions of women and
translation." Feminist translators and critics for this defense have identified many crucial
aspects of the feminist movement.
The aforementioned directions signified a shift from the domain of translation
practice to that of translation history and criticism, thus giving rise to novel concepts
within the theoretical framework of translation. In the domain of translation practice,
female translators have pioneered linguistic innovations for the translation of
experimental feminist writings and selected source texts from a feminist perspective for
the purpose of study. In the domain of translation history and criticism, feminists have
translated seminal cultural works that have been disregarded and critiqued under
patriarchal frameworks, offering a feminist perspective on these texts. They have also
restored and presented the creative works of some earlier writers and women translators.
Furthermore, they have promoted the idiosyncrasies of translators, shedding light on the
illusion of transparency of translation through textual and paratextual tools (paratextual
in literary interpretation, materials containing the main text provided and published by
authors, editors, printers, and publishers). Furthermore, they emphasised the processes of
rereading and rewriting. Furthermore, they have challenged the traditional theory of
translation by fighting against the concept of equivalence.
Feminist translation advocates of the past three decades have argued that gender
theories and theories of gender and language are "passed" and "no longer enough." The
new concept of 'gender instability' 'undermines' ideas based on feminist translation and
research practice during the 'second wave' of feminism. There have been "interesting
shifts in the focus" of gender and translation studies. Nevertheless, they agree with the
conventional assumption that the femininity and masculinity of people are important
within the framework of ideas that integrate gender issues and translation. They focused
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
6
on women as a minority group subject to patriarchy. Research, especially empirical
research, shows that little attention has been paid to the discursive and existential aspects
of gender.
Gender as a category of microanalysis of translation. When gender is taken as an
analytical category for the microanalysis of specific translated texts, the focus is on the
gendered features of certain linguistic devices. In any direction, when translating a text of
any gender, it can be influenced by the linguistic features of that gender. These effects are
revealed through the use of different translation strategies and techniques. Strategizing
through such micro-analyses of a text often provides insight into translation culture,
gender norms, constraints, and agendas.
This type of research often focuses on the works of writers who were crucial to the
feminist movement. Several important women writers have been critically examined in
translation, with Sappho, Louise Labe, and Simone de Beauvoir being the most prominent.
Sappho was known as one of the few public women in ancient Greece.
The method of translating feminist texts and the interaction of feminist translators
with the source text, focusing on the gender characteristics of translation is another
research topic of scientific microanalysis. French-language feminist writers aim to
translate texts into English that undermine patriarchal gender stereotypes in French.
There were difficulties in translating Louky Bersianik's satirical novel to criticize the
gender asymmetry in the French linguistic system into English and in finding sources that
create meaning. To prioritize gender in French, translator Lotbiniere-Hardwood
developed new methods of gender marking in English in response. In the same way, as
Brossard's focus on postmodern modernism in translating neologisms, Godard
emphasized the "trans-referential process" of translation in Horizons of Theory,
continuing the meaning-making process in translation that the author began in the source
text. In this way, the translator brings not only the author's thoughts to the readers of the
text, but also his own opinion: "The reader reads Nicole Brossard and Barbara Godard
together." The works of French-speaking experimental feminist translators such as Godard
and Lotbinière
-Hardwood and their presentation of feminist experimental neologisms,
translation commentary or theoretical claims, are of great importance to feminist
translation and feminist translation studies.
The gender gap in translation. The tasks performed by men and women differ from
each other in terms of their positions in society. This disparity gives rise to divergent
communication cultures. A substantial corpus of research has been dedicated to the
analysis of gender-related variations in linguistic expression, with women's speech
emerging as a distinct research domain in certain national contexts. This distinction is of
significance and occupies a distinct position within the culture of communication. In recent
years, a significant volume of scientific literature and research in the field of translation
has focused on the concept of gender in translation. The specific nature of gender issues in
translation practice is determined by a multitude of factors, including the type of text being
translated, the languages involved, and the cultural context.
In some studies, the issue of gender is considered a part of the overall influence of
the individual in the process of translation carried out by the translator himself. Until
recently, translation was studied only within the framework of philological sciences -
translation theory, comparative linguistics, literary studies, and similar directions.
However, by the 20th century, it became necessary to consider the human factor
in translation.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701
7
In the new anthropocentric paradigm, the differences in translations are mainly due
to biological factors, which influenced the psychological and speech-related differences
between the two sexes. In particular, the significant influence of male and female
hormones and differences in the functions of the right and left hemispheres of the two
sexes indicate the main reason for this issue. To be more precise, the activity of the left
hemispheres of the male brain is more active, and they are responsible for verbal
communication, numbers, and analytical thinking. In women, the mutual function of both
hemispheres is stronger, mainly the right hemisphere is dominant. Synthetic functions, i.e.
pictorial and imaginative memory, spatial identification, imagination, colors, rhythms, and
creativity are the main tasks. These, in turn, cause differences in speech.
Another piece of information is that observations show that biological and
psychological differences are evident in the speech of men and women. Biologists say that
girls speak faster than boys. At first, they pronounce different sounds, and on this basis,
they begin to pronounce words and sentences, while boys pronounce whole, ready-made
sentences. By the age of eight, girls have significantly more normal speech than boys.
In Kirillina's studies, the following are indicated as women-specific conditions:
1) lack of concentration;
2) emotionality, mood swings, jealousy, weakness of will, inability to control
emotions;
3) the reflection of emotionality in actions, facial expressions, and voice during
speech;
4) lack of creativity;
5) political passivity.
Men's qualities are the exact opposite of the above
–
they include breadth of
thinking, focus, strong will, and brevity in speech. Taking into account the above, gender
research is also important to accurately convey the mood and psychological state of
women and men to the reader.
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Ashdown S. “The Structure of Cognition Governing Knowledge, Culture and
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New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
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Ҳалейева
И.И. Гендер как интрига познания // Гендерный фактор в языке и
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Иваново, 1999.
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Romaine S. Communicating Gender.
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London: Oxford University Press, 1999.
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