Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika –
Зарубежная лингвистика и
лингводидактика – Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Enhancing comprehension: proven techniques for
retaining what you read
Mohinur NORMUHAMMEDOVA
1
Navoi University of Innovations
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received September 2024
Received in revised form
10 October 2024
Accepted 25 October 2024
Available online
25 November 2024
This article provides a comprehensive guide for enhancing
reading comprehension, an essential skill for both everyday life
and academic success. It explores the definition and importance
of reading comprehension, common challenges readers face, and
various techniques to improve understanding and retention. The
article offers practical strategies such as summarizing key ideas,
annotating texts, and activating prior knowledge. It is divided
into three sections: pre-reading, while-reading, and post-
reading. Additionally, it highlights useful resources and tools,
including instructional programs and digital aids, while
emphasizing the importance of consistent reading practice. This
guide is highly beneficial for anyone looking to improve their
comprehension skills and make reading more enjoyable and
productive.
2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss5
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
reading comprehension,
cognitive skills,
pre-reading strategies,
while-reading,
strategies,
post-reading strategies,
annotation,
visualization,
metacognition,
educational tools,
reading habits,
literacy development,
text processing,
knowledge retention,
educational research.
Tushunishni kuchaytirish: o‘qiganingizni saqlab qolishning
isbotlangan usullari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
O‘qishni tushunish,
kognitiv ko‘nikmalar,
o‘qishdan oldin
strategiyalar,
o‘qish davomida
strategiyalar,
Ushbu maqola kundalik hayotda ham, ta’lim jarayonida ham
o‘qishni tushunish qobiliyatini yaxshilash bo‘yicha keng
qamrovli qo‘llanmani taqdim etadi. Maqola o‘qishni
tushunishning ma’nosi va ahamiyatini, o‘quvchilar duch
keladigan umumiy muammolarni, tushunish va xotirani
yaxshilashning turli usullarini qamrab oladi. Maqolada muhim
1
Navoi University of Innovations. E-mail: mohinurnormuhammedova98@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
44
o‘qishdan keyingi
strategiyalar,
mavhum, vizualizatsiya,
metakognitsiya,
ta’lim vositalari,
o‘qish odatlari,
savodxonlikni rivojlantirish,
so‘zni qayta ishlash,
bilimlarni saqlash,
ta’lim,
ilmiy ish.
g‘oyalarni umumlashtirish, kitoblarga izoh berish va o‘tmishdagi
bilimlarni faollashtirish kabi foydali usullar mavjud. Maqola
uchta bo‘limdan iborat: “O‘qishdan oldin”, “O‘qish paytida” va
“O‘qishdan keyin”. Kitob, shuningdek, o‘quv qo‘llanmalari va
raqamli yordamchilar kabi foydali manbalar va vositalarni
ta’kidlaydi va izchil o‘qish amaliyotining muhimligini izohlab
beradi.Ushbu maqola tushunish qobiliyatini yaxshilashni va
o‘qishni yanada qiziqarli va samaraliroq qilishni istagan har bir
kishi uchun foydali bo‘ladi.
Улучшение
понимания:
проверенные
техники
запоминания прочитанного
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
понимание прочитанного,
когнитивные навыки,
стратегии до чтения,
стратегии во время
чтения,
стратегии после чтения,
аннотация,
визуализация,
метакогниция,
образовательные
инструменты,
привычки чтения,
развитие грамотности,
обработка текста,
сохранение знаний,
образовательные,
научные исследования.
В статье представлено комплексное руководство по
улучшению
навыков
понимания
прочитанного
–
способности, необходимой как в повседневной жизни, так и
в учебе. Рассматриваются значение и смысл понимания
прочитанного,
типичные
трудности,
с
которыми
сталкиваются читатели, а также различные методы
повышения эффективности восприятия и запоминания
информации. В статье подробно описаны полезные приемы,
такие как резюмирование ключевых идей, аннотирование
текстов и использование предыдущих знаний для более
глубокого восприятия материала. Структура статьи
включает три раздела: «Перед чтением», «Во время чтения»
и «После чтения», что позволяет читателю поэтапно
осваивать
практические
рекомендации.
Также
рассматриваются полезные ресурсы и инструменты,
включая обучающие программы и цифровых помощников,
подчёркивается важность регулярной практики чтения для
достижения устойчивых результатов. Это руководство
станет полезным для всех, кто стремится улучшить свои
навыки чтения, сделать этот процесс более увлекательным
и продуктивным.
INTRODUCTION
The ability to comprehend a text, decipher its content, and efficiently digest it is known
as reading comprehension. It is an essential ability that affects all facets of learning, from
simple reading comprehension to challenging problem-solving. Reading comprehension goes
beyond only being able to recognize words; it also includes being able to analyze, assess, and
critically engage with written content. This complex cognitive process combines lower-level
abilities like vocabulary recognition and decoding with higher-level cognitive processes like
drawing conclusions and conducting critical analyses.
Even though comprehension of what they read is crucial, a lot of people have trouble
with it, which can have an impact on their academic achievement and general interest in
books. These challenges are caused by several things, such as a small vocabulary,
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
45
inadequate
prior
knowledge,
and
poor
reading
techniques.
This article examines techniques to improve reading comprehension, emphasizing tactics
to make reading more enjoyable and increase understanding. Through the analysis of
strategies that work for pre-reading, while-reading, and post-reading, readers can improve
their methods of interaction with texts. These techniques are designed to help readers
become ready, stay focused while reading, and then review their understanding afterward,
all of which contribute to a deeper and more enjoyable reading experience. Gaining
knowledge of and using these techniques can greatly increase one's capacity to understand
and navigate complicated materials, improving academic performance as well as personal.
1.
Basic components of reading comprehension:
Decoding:
Decoding is the process of converting written symbols, such as words
and letters, into their spoken equivalents. Words and phrases can be recognized by readers
thanks to this fundamental ability.
Vocabulary:
It's important to understand word meanings. A large vocabulary
facilitates better text comprehension and interpretation for readers.
Fluency
: It's important to understand word meanings. A large vocabulary facilitates
better text comprehension and interpretation for readers.
Background Knowledge:
Readers are better able to make sense of new material
and connect it to what they already know when they have a clear understanding of the
context and previous knowledge of the subject.
Inference
: The ability to deduce meaning from context. Skilled readers can infer
conclusions logically based on
Monitoring and Repair:
The capacity to identify instances in which comprehension
falters and to apply remedial techniques, such going over material again or asking
questions, to restore knowledge.
Synthesis and Integration:
Putting information from different passages in one or
more texts together to create a coherent understanding.
In the field of education, academic success is largely dependent on having strong
reading comprehension abilities. Accurate interpretation and synthesis of information are
necessary to comprehend textbooks, research articles, and exam questions.
Critical Thinking: Understanding involves more than just word comprehension; it
also entails grasping concepts, dissecting arguments, and assessing the evidence. The
development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills requires certain competencies.
Learning Across Subjects: Understanding texts is essential to understanding
concepts and participating meaningfully with the material in any subject, including
science, history, literature, and mathematics.
Language Development: By increasing vocabulary and honing language skills,
reading comprehension helps to write and communicate more effectively.
In Daily Life: Information Processing: Having strong comprehension abilities
guarantees that we can efficiently process and act upon the information we come across
every day, whether it be from reading product instructions, comprehending news stories,
or accessing web content.
Making Decisions: The ability to effectively comprehend written material is
essential for making informed decisions, whether one is following a recipe, deciphering a
medical prescription, or comprehending a legal document.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
46
Communication: Being able to comprehend written correspondence, emails, and
texts improves our capacity for efficient communication, which in turn builds stronger
bonds and minimizes miscommunication.
Personal Development: Understanding what you read might also help you become a
better person. Reading a variety of literature, including poetry, non-fiction, and fiction, can
entertain, extend viewpoints, and pique one's intellectual interest.
Reading comprehension can be difficult, and there are a number of obstacles that
might make it difficult for someone to comprehend and process written content.
These are a few such challenges:
1. Vocabulary Limitations
Challenge: Understanding words might be hampered by a lack of knowledge or
misunderstanding of their meanings.
Solution: Reading widely, utilizing context cues, and utilizing tools like flashcards or
vocabulary lists can all assist develop a strong vocabulary.
2. Lack of Focus and Attention
Challenge: Being distracted or not paying enough attention can cause one to lose
important information and comprehension.
Solution: Focus can be increased by clearing your environment of distractions and
by using mindfulness exercises. Accurately understanding written material is essential for
making educated decisions, whether one is following a recipe, deciphering a medical
prescription, or analyzing a legal document.
3. Syntax and Structure Difficulties
Challenge: Readers may become confused by convoluted phrase structures or
strange linguistic conventions.
Solution: Understanding can be improved by dissecting sentences into smaller
sections and examining each one separately. It also helps to practice with different texts.
4. Limited Background Knowledge
Challenge: It can be challenging to understand new information if you don't know
much about a subject beforehand.
Solution: Contextualization and comprehension can be enhanced by gaining
background knowledge through pre-reading exercises or relevant research.
5. Inference
Challenge Difficulty: Deeper comprehension can be impeded by an inability to read
between the lines or decipher implied meanings.
Solution: Reading aloud with inference in mind and having group discussions about
texts can help improve inferential reasoning skills.
6. The Reading Speed
Challenge: Excessive or insufficient reading speed might impact understanding.
Reading quickly could cause you to overlook important details while reading slowly could
cause your comprehension to flow poorly.
Solution: Practice reading at a steady speed and use techniques like skimming for
the essential ideas to aid with this.
7. Text Organization
Challenge: Poor comprehension might result from a lack of grasp of a text's primary
ideas, supporting information, or logical flow.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
47
Solution: Summarizing parts and recognizing text structures (such as cause and
effect, problem and solution) might help with understanding organization.
8. Cognitive Overload
Challenge: Readers who process information too quickly may become overwhelmed
and find it more difficult to retain and comprehend the material.
Solution: You can lessen cognitive overload by concentrating on one idea at a time
and breaking knowledge down into digestible portions.
9. Emotional or Psychological Barriers
Challenge: Reading comprehension can be impacted by stress, anxiety, or a lack of
drive.
Solution: Improving comprehension can be achieved by addressing emotional and
psychological aspects with tactics like goal-setting, relaxing techniques, and fostering a
pleasant reading atmosphere.
10. Learning Disabilities
Challenge: Dyslexic disorders can make reading and comprehension extremely
difficult.
Solution: People with learning difficulties can benefit from specialized educational
methods, resources, and accommodations.
It's common for overcoming these obstacles to call for a mix of individualized tactics.
Effective use of resources, encouragement from teachers or peers, and consistent practice
can all greatly improve reading comprehension.
Pre-reading, while-reading, and post-reading strategies are critical to effective
reading comprehension because they set readers up for success, encourage active
engagement, and reinforce previously learned content. All of these strategies work
together to improve comprehension, retention, and critical engagement with the text. This
sentence establishes the framework for examining how pre-reading, while-reading, and
post-reading contribute to a thorough comprehension of texts and enhance reading skills
in general.
Strategies for Pre-Reading
In order to activate prior knowledge, talk about how important it is to connect new
information to what is already known.
• Methods such as Know, Want to Know, Learned (KWL) charts.
• Examining the Text in Advance:
• Getting a quick overview by skimming headings, titles, and summaries.
• Having a reading goal in mind.
• Posing questions: Developing inquiries in light of headings and subheadings.
• Promoting interest and participation.
Techniques for While-Reading
Annotating the text involves underlining important details, adding notes in the
margins, and summarizing certain passages.
• Marking significant information with symbols and shorthand.
Visualizing entails forming mental pictures of the situations or ideas that are being
spoken.
• How understanding and memory are improved by visuals.
• Self-assessment questions to ensure understanding is being done frequently.
• Rereading challenging passages and paragraph summaries.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue – 5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
48
Post-reading Techniques
• Summarizing: Methods for distilling a text's core concepts into a succinct synopsis.
• The advantages of summarizing for enhancing comprehension.
Talking and Sharing:
• Holding talks about the text with other people.
• The benefits of using others' explanations of concepts to confirm one's own
knowledge.
Applying the Knowledge: Making connections between the text and other academic
subjects or real-world scenarios.
• Promoting better understanding and critical thinking.
Resources and Tools
• Electronic Instruments:
• Reading comprehension apps and software (e.g., digital highlighters, summarizing
tools).
• Instructional Initiatives:
• Courses and programs aimed at enhancing reading comprehension abilities.
• Textbooks and Reference Materials:
Suggested reads to enhance comprehension abilities further.
It Takes Practice to Become Perfect
Consistent Reading Habits:
• The value of constant practice in enhancing reading abilities.
• Advice on how to make reading a part of everyday life.
Diverse Reading Materials: To increase comprehension, reading a range of genres
and formats is encouraged.
• How reading in a variety of styles improves comprehension abilities.
Gaining better reading comprehension takes time, effort, and the appropriate
techniques. By using these strategies, readers can improve their comprehension and
memory of material, which will make reading a more rewarding and useful activity. More
chances and information arise as one's comprehension skills are improved, whether for
academic or personal development.
This plan offers a methodical way to write a detailed piece about enhancing reading
comprehension. Each part can be expanded upon in accordance with the desired.
CONCLUSION
Improving reading comprehension is essential for academic and personal success.
This article has outlined various strategies that can be employed before, during, and after
reading to enhance understanding and retention of textual information. Future research
should continue to explore the effectiveness of these strategies across different contexts
and populations. Educators and learners are encouraged to implement these techniques to
foster a deeper engagement with texts and improve overall reading proficiency.
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и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
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49
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