Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
The use of proverbs and phraseological units in the
translation of Ghafur Ghulam
’
s short story
“
Shum bola
”
Lobar KULMUHAMEDOVA
Urgut Branch of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received March 2024
Received in revised form
10 April 2024
Accepted 25 April 2024
Available online
25 July 2024
In this article, the role of proverbs and expressions found in
the translation of Gafur Gulam’s story “Shum bola” in human
life, as well as the useful aspects of genres in human
development are highlighted with the help of examples.
Proverbs are directly important in making this story more
artistically unique. Readers who read the works of writers who
use such devices gain much more meaning from them and find
it easier to understand the work through these devices.
2181-3701
/© 2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss3-pp90-94
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
proverb,
phraseological units,
phrases,
short story,
fiction.
G
‘
afur G
‘ulomning “Shum bola” qissasi tarjimasida maqol
va frazeologik birliklarning qo
‘
llanilishi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
maqol,
frazeologik birliklar,
iboralar,
qissa,
badiiy adabiyot
Ushbu maqolada G
‘
afur G
‘ulomning “Shum bola” qissasi
tarjimasida uchraydigan maqol va iboralarning inson hayotidagi
o
‘
rni, shuningdek, bu janrning inson kamolotidagi foydali
jihatlari misollar yordamida yoritib berilgan. Maqollar ushbu
qissaning badiiy jihatdan yanada betakror bo
‘
lishida bevosita
katta ahamiyat kasb etadi. Bunday vositalardan foydalangan
yozuvchilarning asarlarini o
‘
qigan kitobxonlar ulardan juda
katta ma’no olishadi va bu vositalar orqali asarning mazmunini
tushunishlari osonlashadi.
1
Teacher, Urgut Branch of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov.
E-mail: lobarkulmuhamedova@gmail.com
2
Student, Urgut Branch of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov.
E-mail: abdukarimovadurdona2004@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
91
Использование пословиц и фразеологизмов в переводе
рассказа Гафура Гулама «Шум бола»
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
пословица,
фразеологизмы,
словосочетания,
рассказ,
художественная
литература.
В данной статье рассматривается роль пословиц и
выражений на примере перевода рассказа Гафура Гулама
«Шум бола» в жизни человека, а также их полезность в
развитии личности. Пословицы играют значимую роль в
придании
истории
большей
художественной
уникальности, прямо влияя на ее смысловую глубину.
Читатели, знакомясь с произведениями писателей,
использующих такие приемы, легче улавливают и
понимают
содержание
произведения
через
эти
выразительные средства.
Each work has its own history and reasons for its creation, some works are written
out of necessity, and some are written for popularity, but Gafur Ghulam's work "Shum
bola" is a work that reflects the spirit of the times and the oppression of the colonial era.
"Shum bola" (Russian: ozornik)
–
G'. 1977 adventure film based on Ghulam's work of the
same name. The film was directed by Damir Salimov, and the screenplay was written by
Shuhrat Abbasov and Alexander Naumov. It has become one of the favorite films of Uzbek
film lovers. "Shum bola" has been praised by both Uzbek and foreign film critics.
Abduraim Abduvahobov played the role of a ten-year-old Shum boy (his real name is
Karavoy in the film), who goes to various shows because of his restlessness.
The author wrote the work in 1936, and the story was published several times. The
story describes the artist's childhood and life in Tashkent at the beginning of the 20th
century. The short story is a sharp comic work based on real events and people's fates.
Although the work is centered on many facts from the writer's life, it is not
autobiographical. It has a strong artistic texture and fantasy compared to real historical
facts.
The story was translated into Russian by F. Shaikhutdinova (1968) and A. Naumov
(1970), and into Ukrainian by V. Krymich (1991). In 2023, the work was included in the
ranking of the top 100 children's books of all time by the BBC publication. In the same
year, on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the birth of G. Ghulam, a new Uzbek
edition of the story was published by the publishing house "Adib". There are many
different ways of using expressions in artistic speech. Writer G'. Ghulam not only used
ready-made expressions in the universal language but also created new expressions
based on them. In doing so, he uses methods such as opening a new interpretation of the
meaning of the universal phrase, changing the lexical structure of the phrase, expanding
its semantic-stylistic functions, and adding new figurative meanings to the phrase.
Below, we will focus on the linguistic and cultural features of some phraseological
units used in G. Ghulom's story "Shum bola". Example:
“Qalandarboshi meni ta’rif
-
tavsiflab ketdi. Jazavalarimning zo’rligidan gapirdi. Bir choynak choy ichguncha olami
fanodan olami baqoga o’tib ketgan, behud Mahrabi devona, dili jazovdi ilohi bilan to’la
qalandarbachcha, o’rta qo’ldek ekanligimni tushuntirdi.” (Shum bola
p. 69) The word
Fano is derived from the Arabic language and means "to die", "to pass away",
"to disappear"; The word baqa in Arabic means "eternal", "immortal", "imperishable". In
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
92
the short story "Shum bola", G. Ghulam expanded the scope of the phrase by combining
the words fan o and bago. That is, it means "to go from the world of decay to the world of
survival", "to go from the world of non-existence to the world of existence, eternity".
The phrase middle hand is colloquially used in the form of middle finger.
Our language has the following similes related to a finger: like a thumb, like a middle
finger, like a ring finger, like an index finger. The middle finger is the most noticeable and
the largest of the fingers on the hand. For this reason, the phrase "middle hand" was
formed in the language in the sense of becoming visible and noteworthy. The phrase
“O’rta qo’ldek” was formed in the process of transfer of meaning based on synecdoche.
The use of this phrase about Karavoy indicates that he is visible, capable, and much older.
Among our people, there is also an expression "to eat the head" related to "Bosh", which
is often used by people in various situations. In G. Ghulam's work "Shum Bola", this
phrase is used by the teacher about Karavoy and appears in the following form: Ha,
xizmating boshingni yesin!
–
dedi domla.
–
Eshakni so’yib qo’yibsanku, padar la’nat! Men
bu eshakni Buxoroyi Sharifdan uch tilloga olgan edim. O’zi ham qanday eshak edi
-ya, bay-
bay eshagim… (Shum bola, 54
-bet).
In this example, this phrase is used to emphasize the meaning of "yo’q qilmoq",
"halok qilmoq" more strongly and decisively. Special "observations show that
phraseological synonyms often differ in the level of imagery" in the story "Shum bola"
special attention is paid to the image of the market, in the places where the market is
depicted, of course, sentences and phrases used in the process of buying and selling. In
the trade of our people, the phrases
“barakasini bersin”, barakasini ber”, “barakasi yo‘q”,
“bor baraka”, “bor baraka top”
are recorded, which mean "say yes to the stated price".I n
the short story, this phrase is used in abbreviated form, in the form of "bor baraka top":
Qani, ha, uka, baraka de,
–
deb yarim soatcha qo’l siltashib savdolashgandan keyin
ketmonni yarim so’mga, kurakni bir yarim tangaga “bor baraka top” qildik. (Shum bola,
p.28); Biz hali biror tuyaning tishini ko’rmasdan, biroz otning yo’rig’ini bilmasdan, biror
buqaga: “Bor, baraka top”, demasdan, qo’y bozorining kunchiqar tomonida g’ala
-
g’ovur
janjal ko’tarilib qoldi (Shum bola, p. 28); Juma kuni, qo’ylar ma’ragan, tuyalar bo’kirgan,
otlar kishnagan, bozorchilar so’kishgan, tole osmonini bozorning change qoplagan,
dallollarning bilaklari “Bor baraka top!” da charchagan (Shum bola, p. 65).
In the English translation of "Shum bola" there are many differences in linguistic
and cultural aspects. Because it is difficult to find an alternative word in English for
words that reflect the characteristics of Uzbek national culture. In such cases, the
translator used a word with a close meaning or omitted it altogether.
For example, “Uzun
rasta, juhud rasta, attorlik va boshqa rastlarning boyvachchalari savdodan bo’sh
vaqtlarida bu choyxonaga yig’ilib mehmonalardek o’rtada katta barkashlardan qand
-
qurs, pista-bodom, murabbo nisholda, obinon, shirmoy nonlar bilan shamaloq bezatilgan
dasturxon atrofida chaqchalashib o’tirishardi.”
The English translation of the same part
of the work is given as follows “The rich of a long row, haberdashery rows, and other
rows gather there at the table served with lumps of sugar, nuts, jam, hot-bread and oil-
bread, and they are having endless chattering”
Some words have been omitted here:
“shamaloq bezatilgan dasturxon”, that is, the writer wrote on the table in the sense that
everything is provided, but this part is not given in the translation. Or, "Uzun rasta, juhud
rasta" is written as "The rich of long row". Because the English translation does not have
a phrase that gives this meaning, it is translated like this. In another example,
“Ba’zi
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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Зарубежная лингвистика
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Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
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boyvachchalarning dasturxonida qornida qaldirg’och surati solingan, ustiga poxoldan to‘
r
to
‘
qilgan konyaklar ham ko
‘rinar edi.”
The translator completely omitted the long image
of the drink here: "There are also bottles of cognacs on the tables of some rich men."
The use of proverbs in a work of art is used beautifully by many creators of our
literature. Writer and poet G'. Ghulam wisely used Uzbek folk proverbs in several places
in his short story "Shum Bola". Proverbs had a direct effect on the artistic uniqueness of
the story. The story contains the following proverbs. Proverbs:
Oziqlik ot horimas;
Semizlikni qo
‘
y ko
‘
tarar;
Yopiq qozon yopiqligicha qoldi;
Maslahatli to
‘
n tor kelmas;
O
‘
zingni ehtiyot tut, qo
‘
shningni o
‘
g
‘
ri tutma.
In addition to proverbs, expressions and wise words are also used in the story.
Phrases:
Pul
–
dardi kabob;
Egasi yo
‘
q mol afandiniki;
Zirapchani nina bilan olganday;
Qo
‘
ling yengil ekan.
The above proverbs are used by the main character of the story, Karavoy, his
friend Amon, and other characters of the work. Today, although the forms of these
proverbs, phrases, and wise sayings have changed, their meaning and content have not
changed, and they are used among the people. The level of use of phrases does not always
correspond to the level of use of one or another writer in a certain work. The main part of
phraseological units should be included in the group of low-frequency phrases if they are
considered from the point of view of their use in a particular work, because such
expressive means, as noted above, are valuable because they are used mainly once in a
particular work.
To preserve the national color, the translator left some words in their original state
without translating them and defined them at the bottom of the page. Another reason for
using this method is that there is no exact translation of these words because they are
only national, and in English society such items are not used, or place names and names
are not found. For example,
“He wore a
yaktak
on his shoulder”.
At the bottom of this
page, the word "yaktak" is defined as "oriental robe", i.e. "Oriental robe, clothing".
Another example is:
"Mullah had already tied his
salla
as a belt"
, where "turban" i.e.
men's headdress is defined as follows: "A kind of headdress tied around the head, usually
made of silk". Or there is a place where the word “Salla” is written in another place by
defining "He had put on his turban and his eyebrow and face were red and green"
–
"turban". English readers will have a clear picture of the subject when the translator
gives such a definition. Because these words have the same translation as mentioned
above, it is difficult to find another word with the same meaning. Thanks to this skill of
the translator, Uzbek national words are learned by English readers and they get a
correct understanding. The names are also mentioned by themselves
“To’ychi xofiz”
-
“Tuychi singer”, “Hamroqul qori”
-
“Hamrokul”, “Hoji Abdulaziz”
-
“Hoji Abdulaziz”
like, the
place names are also given as "Tashkent", "Kukterak", "Kingiroq Tepa". There are several
ways to translate such words. The easiest way to translate words that do not have an
alternative is to transliterate words, that is, to type and save the pronunciation of words.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
3 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
94
This method is widely used in the transliteration of personal names, place names,
geographical names, positions, and names of newspapers and magazines, i.e. names of
periodicals, names of enterprises, organizations, firms, companies, names of ships, and
hotels. The existing literature in translation theory shows that the use of transliteration
over transliteration has advantages because it gives the pronounced form of the word.
Transliteration takes into account the graphic aspect of the word.
In short, G'. Ghulam's work is colorful and rich. If we analyze the writer's work
from one aspect, we cannot ignore the second aspect, if we want to reveal each side, then
we will return to the entire creative life of the writer and carry out research and analysis
for a long time, it's worth it. Therefore, in this article, we analyzed some individual
expressions and proverbs in the author's work.
In general, there is not a single work created in fiction that does not use proverbs,
sayings, and wise words. It is these that ensure the beauty, impressiveness, and, of
course, artistic perfection of the work. The importance of proverbs, phrases, and wise
words in conveying the writer's thoughts to the reader is incomparable. That is why
these genres are widely used in examples of fiction.
REFERENCES:
1.
G’. G’ulom “Shum bola” Toshkent
-2018.
2.
Matyoqubova T. G’afur G’ulom badiiyati –
T: Fan va texnologiya, 2006.
3.
Sanjar Siddiq. Adabiy tarjima san’ati, O‘zAS, 1991
-yil, 22-noyabr.
4.
Salomov.G’. Til va tarjima. T., 1966. Toshaliyev i. Adabiy tahrir asoslari.
-
T.;O‘zMU,2001, 20
-b; Toshaliyev I.
5.
Holiqova M. Tarjimaning asliyatga aynanligi muammosi. “Istiqlol va til”
-
O‘z DJTU
ilmiy-amaliy anjumani materiallari, -T.: 2004, 6-9-betlar 5.
6.
Mubarakova, P. D. (2022). Cultural, historical, scientific and economic relations”.
7.
Khodjaeva, N. (2019). SEMANTICS OF KINSHIP TERMS AS A FORM OF ADDRESS
IN UZBEK TRANSLATIONS OF PREMCHAND. Theoretical & Applied Science, (8), 107-110.
