No. 3 (2024) ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND PEDAGOGY scientific and methodical journal

This article explores the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the concepts of “loneliness” (yolg‘izlik) and “parting” (hijron) in both English and Uzbek languages. It delves into how these emotional states are articulated within each culture and their connection to cultural heritage. In Uzbek, the term “hijron” (parting) is deeply linked to notions of love, yearning, and separation, reflecting the emotional depth of these experiences. In contrast, English concepts of “loneliness” and “parting” (yolg‘izlik va hijron) are often more associated with social isolation and individualism. These differences highlight how language shapes the perception of these emotions in different societies. The article further examines these concepts through the lens of metaphor theory, showing how metaphorical expressions in each language reveal underlying cultural values and beliefs. Through this analysis, it becomes clear that language and culture are intricately connected in shaping emotional experiences.

This paper explores the symbolic elements in John Fowles’ novel The Magus, focusing on how they contribute to the theme of initiation and personal transformation. Central symbols such as the labyrinth, masks, death and rebirth, the godgame, and the island of Phraxos are examined as metaphors for the psychological and emotional trials faced by the protagonist, Nicholas Urfe. These symbols highlight the non-linear nature of self-discovery, emphasizing that initiation requires disorientation, loss, and the stripping away of false identities. Death and rebirth signal moments of loss and renewal, illustrating that transformation demands the destruction of previous beliefs and relationships. The godgame symbolizes life’s unpredictability and the necessity of embracing ambiguity. Through these symbolic elements, The Magus suggests that initiation is not a single event but an ongoing process, requiring the individual to navigate uncertainty and transformation continually.

This paper studies the technical jargon and terms of Russian, English, and Uzbek with a specific focus on how factors such as culture, history, and society shape these features. From traditional Russian and English medicine, law, IT, and health systems, in contrast, we find that chances of people crossing cultural borders are rare due to the manner in which terms are coined, how they are used, and how journalism law is developed. Through investigations into translations and practices, the paper draws attention to globalization’s effect on the Uzbek professional language, with increasing numbers of English terms imbued into Uzbek jargon. The analysis also gives information about the problems faced in maintaining linguistic authenticity while taking in foreign technical terminology.

This article is a brief summary of the hybridity of the English language, its complexity and diversity, and its impact on English as a world language, and the many facets that emphasize the active interaction between cultures-linguistic. Through the analysis of vocabulary, grammar, dialects, and literature, covering cultural and sociolinguistics, the study examines the many forms of hybridity that exist in English. The implications of hybridity in translation are considered within the broader context of narrative theory, particularly in relation to Bakhtin’s concepts of dialogism and polyphony, which emphasize the interaction of diverse voices and perspectives within a single text. By examining the role of hybridity in narrative and translation, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on the evolving relationship between language, culture, and identity in a globalized world.

This article is dedicated to analyzing the reflection of social values in interior design terminology in English and Uzbek. It provides a linguistic analysis of interior design terms, examining their semantic and axiological characteristics and how they express societal values. Additionally, the article highlights the connection between the language of interior design and social values.

The article studies the role of the epithet as a stylistic device that enhances expressiveness, imagery, and conveys an author’s unique, subjective perspective in literary texts. Despite its significance, there is no unified view on how to define this device, nor a single clear classification of epithets. The study’s object is the epithet as a stylistic tool, and the research subject is the issue of defining and categorizing epithets.

The study aims to investigate how epithets are defined in the works of Russian scholars and to review different approaches to their classification.

        To achieve this goal, the following research tasks are set:

1. Analyze various approaches to defining the epithet as a stylistic device.
2. Explore the different classifications of epithets.

This article examines the lingvоpоetic features оf prоverbs fоrmed оn the basis оf English and Uzbek medical vоcabulary. Prоverbs reflect the views оf the peоple оn health, illness, healing, and medicine thrоugh medical terms and their metaphоrical, metоnymic, cоntrastive, and symbоlic elevatiоns. The article analyzes English and Uzbek prоverbs frоm the perspective оf stylistic devices and demоnstrates their aesthetic and semantic impact. Methоds such as metaphоr, metоnymy, alliteratiоn, and assоnance are widely used tо illuminate the linguоpоetic features оf medical vоcabulary. This article is оf great impоrtance fоr scientific research that cоnnects linguistics and medicine.

Today, the field of ecological tourism is turning into a direction that allows to get a large income by attracting innovation and investments to natural resources. Providing employment to the population in ecotourism facilities, social protection, creating additional jobs through the development of small and medium-sized businesses in ecotourism zones, creating a material-technical, information-analytical base that can meet the global requirements of touristic infrastructures , through the active introduction of “green economy” technologies in the fields, it will create conditions for taking measures to increase the energy efficiency of the economy by 20% and reduce the amount of harmful gases released into the air by 20% by 2026.

         In this article, through the development of ecological tourism, increasing the flow of foreign tourists, wider involvement of local residents in domestic tourism, increasing the export of tourism services, dividing tourist resources into types and classifications, managing them interdependently, service Aspects related to the improvement of display efficiency are thoroughly analyzed.

In this аrticle, the аsрirаtiоns оf the cоuntries оf the Centrаl Аsiаn regiоn tо the рrоcesses оf integrаtiоn in the regiоn in the 90s оf the 20th century аre histоricаlly аnаlyzed, аnd the influencing аsрects оf the integrаtiоn рrоcesses аre studied by geороliticаl, ecоnоmic, sоciаl аnd culturаl fаctоrs. In аdditiоn, in the 90s оf the 20th century, the fоrmаtiоn оf geороliticаl interests оf cоuntries such аs Turkey, Irаn, the Рeорle's Reрublic оf Chinа, the United Stаtes аnd the Russiаn Federаtiоn аnd the relаtiоns оf the Centrаl Аsiаn cоuntries with these cоuntries were reveаled.

This article will examine in detail items related to the ceramics of Termez and Chagonian of the 10th-11th centuries. Information is also provided about samples of ceramic dishes found in other cities of the Middle Ages, and about the scientists who studied them. Laboratory analysis of samples of Sirkor ceramics is also reported. This article will also discuss the history, development and significance of ceramics found in the archaeological sites of Old Termez.

In this research work, the areas of use and volt-ampere properties of organic semiconductor materials based on phthalocyanines are studied. Also, copper phthalocyanine dye pigment was synthesized on the basis of a new catalyst, and the analysis data of this copper phthalocyanine pigment is presented based on the results of optical, semiconductivity, volt-ampere and thermal analysis.

In this article, it was given scientific data on the influence of the main agrotechnological factors of plant science on the grain quality indicators of the new local, high-yield grain sorghum of the "Massino" variety. It has been determined that the optimal sowing date for the cultivation of seeds and commercial grain is the second decades of April, the seed rate is 5.0 kg/ha, and the number of seedlings thickness is 90-100 thousand plants per hectare. As well as, decreasing of  the tendency of yield and its quality  when planting in late dates has been determined.

In this article, the role of the remote environment in the development of independent work of English language students of non-philological higher education in socio-humanities and the improvement of pedagogical and didactic design technology in order to use it effectively was highlighted. At the same time, one of the priority tasks of reforming the education system, improving it, and increasing the quality level is to raise the level of personnel, experimentally introduce new scientific ideas and modern approaches and methods to the education system, and eliminate their problems. In particular, it is one of the urgent and problematic issues of today that the forms of remote management, acceptance, and assessment of independent work of students in the field of foreign languages in non-philological fields have not been developed. The article reflects its solution to the above-mentioned problems.

It does not always work to give homework and expect a positive result from it at a time when serious attention is being paid to the level of preparation of students for training today, the level of thinking, intellectual potential, the level of oral speech and written literacy. It was found that encouraging them to create without establishing an adequate knowledge base in the learner would not produce sufficient results.The process of interaction between teacher and students is evaluated by a system with elements of interaction, and in the content of the course it is determined that the following is important: to determine the teaching methodology that must be selected to determine the elements necessary for independent work; to determine the modified structure of UMC; to create a virtual campus that allows.

This article analyzes the conceptual foundations of the methods of teaching mathematics in secondary schools based on integration. The integrated lesson described the level of knowledge of students and the integration of mathematical sciences, the problems of an integrated lesson, methodology, and coherence. Definitions of the concept of integration of scientists and teachers of our Repubkic are given. In pedagogy, two types of application of the concert of unity were considered. In the subject of mathematics, the division of units into types was considered. It was believed that the integrated lesson was logically connected in all aspects with regular lessons, and the educational information had a wide range of information. It was believed that organizing lessons in an integrated form would make the lesson interesting and meaningful.

The article explores the possibilities of developing students' imagination and creative thinking skills through data visualization using the Scratch programming language. Animating alphabet letters and practicing their pronunciation enhance understanding. Using games like “find the letter”, identifying similarities and differences between words, creating meaning from letters, and visualizing games on stage with sprites help foster students' imagination. These methods effectively impact the acquisition of creative thinking techniques, such as analogy, comparison, and generalization.

This article addresses the problematic aspects encountered in enhancing the speech skills of educators, which are considered one of the primary characteristics of professional competence in teaching. The focus is specifically on the activities of future history educators. Alongside identifying the causes of these challenges, the article also proposes specific solutions. At the end of the article, recommendations and suggestions are provided for developing professional speech skills among prospective history teachers, particularly regarding pedagogical issues related to this development.

The article describes the historical formation and development of tolerance in our country and its role and importance in state policy today. Today, the attitude towards tolerance is increasing globally. At a time when religious extremism and intolerance are on the rise, the way to salvation lies in tolerance. Each period had its own intolerances and wars. The qualities of justice, tolerance, friendship, kindness, humility and benevolence were demanded from the rulers in order to lead a peaceful and peaceful life and ensure the well-being of the people. After all, it is necessary to be a good example for the noble people. Tolerance is not a concept that appeared today, but one of the values ​​that has been formed and developed over the years. Tolerance also went through certain stages and has not lost its importance to this day. The article describes the formation and development of tolerance in Uzbekistan.

In this article, thoughts and opinions about the relevance of nonotechnologies in the field of science and technology and their application to physics are discussed, and scientific analyses are carried out on the essential, purposeful introduction of innovations based on nonotechnology. Scientifically, the special course of “Nanotechnology” is developed for students of the “Physics-Informatics” speciality, and it is necessary to form the basic knowledge and skills of students in this field, the necessary basis for the formation of a comprehensively developed, socially active, creatively thinking person. As methods for developing scientific research skills and their practical use in real pedagogical activities are described. In this way, experts in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and pedagogy, who are related to each other, will help children to integrate all sciences in the future and to understand the structure of the world not only at the macrocosm but also at the microcosm and nanocosm levels. The establishment of strong interdisciplinary connections is highlighted.

This article discusses the integration of teaching natural sciences in educational institutions and the initial stages of the formation of scientific knowledge as an integration of views related to various fields of science. it is stated that the scientific knowledge formed in this way has a natural content and an integrative form. Scientifically based information on the structural structure, components, and methods of scientific knowledge is described in detail in the program of integrated science and natural sciences, but in the presentation of the educational material, compliance with scientific methods is not paid attention to, therefore, students lack the skills of using scientific methods. The formation issue is highlighted in cases where cases of being stuck in the background are observed.

The article talks about the types of problems and their main components when teaching geometry at school in synchronous-asynchronous connection with physics, about the levels of creativity when solving problems, seeing its geometric image behind the physical image, identifying patterns (features) in the problem, and about the solution process problems. In addition, in the educational process, synchronously and asynchronously connecting geometry with physics, realizing interdisciplinarity based on the development of students' creative abilities, analysis of facts, determination of cause-and-effect relationships in the phenomena and processes being studied, and their study. We are talking about the implementation of conscious study of educational material by applying previously acquired knowledge on academic subjects in new equipment.

This article examines the essential pedagogical skills and competencies needed for future teachers, focusing on how these skills can enhance professional etiquette in teacher training. In a globalized society, a person’s interactions are often assessed through visible behavior, making it essential for educators to develop both ethical awareness and an appreciation for professional aesthetics. This growth is necessary for shaping qualified specialists. Given the importance of international cooperation in education, science, culture, and information, the article presents recommendations to improve teacher education, establishing etiquette guidelines that prepare future teachers for professional roles and responsibilities.

The article discusses how to improve the teaching methods of mathematics. It is suggested to use Maple in teaching math, and the benefits of using information technology in the learning process are highlighted. The article also gives some examples of solving algebraic equations using Maple program functions. The article presents important ideas about the methodology of teaching mathematics. The article emphasizes the significance of effective mathematics teaching in addressing scientific research, scientific and methodological issues, scientific and technical issues, engineering problems, financial and economic issues, chemical and biological issues, and the overall development of the national economy. In particular, it is emphasised that the use of the Maple program can contribute to the improvement of the methodology of teaching mathematics. This, in turn, helps to interest pupils and students in information technology, as well as to realise the importance of deep study of mathematics and modern technologies.

This article analyzes the traditional and credit-module system of teaching in higher education institutions. The purpose of our research is to compare the achievements of the credit system with the traditional and credit-module system, to encourage students to learn and to be transparent in the assessment of their knowledge, to shorten the teaching of subjects, to create an opportunity to develop professional competencies by establishing academic mobility, It is easy to prepare a specialist, highlighting the advantages. In the introduction of the article: in the process of training specialists in higher education institutions in our country, created by our government (modern building, classrooms, necessary modern equipment for practical and laboratory training, money for internships of students and professors in developed countries the provision of funds from the state account, etc.) conditions and effective work carried out by them are highlighted. Our research was conducted using explanatory, question-and-answer method, the main methods used in the traditional educational system, and interactive (work in small groups, case-study) methods compatible with the credit-module system. In the analysis of the literature: the opinions and suggestions of the researchers who conducted scientific research in the conditions of the traditional and credit-module education system were highlighted, using the textbooks, training manuals, scientific publications and Internet information created by them. In the research results part, the results obtained based on the experiments carried out in the traditional and credit-module system are presented, and in the last part, the list of used literature is presented. In the conclusion part, recommendations are given based on the results achieved in our research, relying on the results and recommendations of the studied literature and researchers.

The rapid development and introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in the coming years, the generative artificial intelligence program, which “thinks” like a human and can communicate and answer questions, has caused a wide range of discussions, as well as surprise and fear of the growing possibilities of artificial intelligence technologies. At the same time, this phenomenon is called “Can artificial intelligence completely replace the role of teachers?” The question was put on the agenda: “why?” It seems that this opportunity may be closer than ever. With expectations that more than five million jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence, discussions are underway in the foreign media about whether teachers can become the next in this exchange.

        This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in education and its ability to fully reproduce the activities of teachers.