Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy

FONETIC INTERFERENCE AND WAYS OF OVERCOMING IT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Nozimakhon Mamadjanova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

It is known that at the initial stage of learning a second foreign language, the greatest difficulty manifests itself in phonetic interference, since the language learner first encounters the sound system of another language. This article highlights the incompatible aspects of English and Uzbek sounds. Based on the identified phonetic indicators, methods and techniques for teaching sounds in the English language are proposed. Since phonetic interference is more often observed at the initial stage of education, that is, in primary school materials, the exercises and assignments recommended in the article were developed based on the English language textbook “Guess What 3!” Experimental work conducted with 3rd grades was also analyzed. Since the exercises available in the textbook did not fully help students master the sounds at an adequate level, opinions and considerations were expressed on their improvement and the development of additional exercises.

THE SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE OF HAKIM TERMIZI AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SCIENCE

Erkin Rahmatov — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In this article, the scientific and philosophical heritage of the great thinker of the 9th century, a famous representative of Islamic Sufi philosophy, Hakim Termizi, is deeply analyzed in the modern epistemological and anthropological context. In the works of Tirmidhi, the ideas of spiritual purification, self-discipline, and achieving truth through inner experience are considered in a central place, and they are scientifically compared with the main directions of modern philosophy – the theory of knowledge, psychological anthropology, and ethics. In the course of the research, while maintaining a neutral philosophical position, the possibilities of integrating Termizi’s teachings into modern human sciences are studied. Especially in his thinking, the role of inner experience in cognition and ideas about the improvement of human nature acquire special relevance in the context of today’s moral decline and spiritual crisis. The article evaluates the historical and philosophical heritage in the context of modern scientific and spiritual development.

TURKIC LАNGUАGES: PАST АND PRESENT

Dilbаr Rаsulоvа, Аhmаd Qаrshiyev — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Currently, independent states on the world map have their own state language and original writing system. After the colonized territories seceded and gained independence, they also strive to have the language and writing they used before, as well as a modern state language. This article is dedicated to highlighting the formation, development, and contemporary significance of Turkic languages. It reveals the historical and cultural significance of ancient Turkic languages, in particular, written monuments such as the Urkhon-Yenisei inscriptions. Based on the theory of Altaic languages, the origin of Turkic languages and their possible genetic connection with other languages are analyzed. The article also examines the lexical, phonetic, and grammatical differences between the main groups of Turkic languages – Kipchak, Oghuz, and Karluk languages, as well as the territorial distribution of these languages. This work, along with the study of the historical roots of Turkic languages, is aimed at understanding their place and significance in the modern world and provides valuable information for the fields of linguistics and historiography.

MARRIAGE RELATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SURKHAN OASIS

Ravshan Buriyev — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article highlights the conditions for marriage among the population of the Surkhan Oasis, the concept of marriage, and its ethnographic analysis. The main purpose of the article is to study marriage issues, related customs and rituals, to encourage young people to take family matters more seriously, and to show them the right path. Since the customs and traditions of the population of the Surkhan oasis differ significantly from those of other regions, they should be analyzed on the basis of a special approach. Marriage is not just about two young people living together, but also about taking responsibility for what is called family. Our people have various customs and rituals, one of the most important of which is the matter of marriage. A broader coverage of this process is one of the important tasks of young researchers. The family hearth is formed as a result of marital relations. Marriage is a specific union between a husband and wife, recognized and approved by society and the state.

IMAM AL-BUKHARI: THE HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF HADITH SCIENCE IN THE HISTORY OF 9TH CENTURY CENTRAL ASIA

Dilnoza Khayrullayeva, Manzura Ibragimova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article explores Imam Al-Bukhari’s unique role in the development of hadith science in 9th-century Central Asian history. Born in Bukhara, Al-Bukhari was educated under the influence of his father Ismail and prominent muhaddiths of his era. At 16, he traveled to Mecca and later studied with renowned scholars in Medina. His work, “Sahih al-Bukhari”, is recognized as a cornerstone of hadith science, systematizing authentic hadiths. “Al-adab al-mufrad” addresses ethics, while “At-tarikh al-kabir” reflects Central Asia’s scholarly environment. Al-Bukhari’s journeys (rihlat) and methodology left a profound legacy in the Islamic world. The article analyzes his contributions, uncovers the historical foundations of hadith science, and highlights the impact of “Al-jami as-sahih” on future generations.

IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING OIL FROM FLAX SEEDS

Sunnatullo Ismatov , Maftuna Abdunazarova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Today, in an era of rapid development of technology and techniques, it is difficult to imagine the production process without modern technological means. In particular, the oil and fat industry is one of the most important sectors of the economy not only in the world, but also in our country. Historically, simple machines were used to obtain oil products, but today this process is carried out using modern, high-tech equipment. Today, linseed oil is one of the highest quality oils and stands out in the oil and fat industry for its structural advantages. Therefore, since ancient times, flaxseed oil has been widely used not only in the food industry, but also in folk medicine. The beneficial properties of linseed oil and the possibilities of its industrial cultivation increase the demand for this product year by year.

CYTOSPOROSIS DISEASES OF TREES AND SHRUBS IN THE DENAU DISTRICT AND MEASURES TO COMBAT THEM

Dilfuza Sodiqova , Gavhar Turdiyeva , Zuhra Mamurova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Under the influence of external factors and pathogenic microorganisms, the development of various diseases is observed in ornamental trees and shrubs. To prevent such negative phenomena, it is possible to contribute to environmental protection by studying the species composition of the micromycete biota, identifying the diseases they cause, and improving measures to combat them. In the process of studying the micromycetes of higher plants of the Denau dendrarium, it was established that fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, cystosporosis, septoria, phylloxytosis, and morsonia are widespread in this area. This article provides information on fungal diseases found in trees and shrubs in the Denau district, in particular, the disease cytospora and measures to combat it.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS AND PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article provides detailed information about the basic concepts and applications of functions in the C++ programming language. Functions are a crucial component of programming, aiding in modularizing code, breaking it into parts, and performing repetitive operations efficiently. The article explains the structure of functions, their declaration, definition, prototypes, and provides various illustrative examples. Additionally, it covers important concepts such as void functions, default arguments, and local variables. Through examples, the article demonstrates how functions work and how they are applied in practical programming.

SYNTHESIS OF TRANSPARENT-COLORLESS GLASS AND THEIR DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS (DTT)

Khidir Adinayev , Ziyodullo Otaqo‘ziyev — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The chemical composition of the PbO-SiO₂ based glass resin was analyzed using physico-chemical and differential thermal analysis methods. Experimental work on researching physico-chemical properties and determining the possibilities of obtaining transparent glass based on them was carried out using traditional methods of physico-chemical and glass technology. It has been experimentally proven that 70%PbO+30%SiO₂ and 80%PbO+20%SiO₂ are the optimal compositions for obtaining transparent glasses based on the PbO-SiO₂ system. Based on the obtained glass mixture of such optimal composition, it is possible to obtain transparent glass that can be fired at low temperatures, and it has been found that the glass with a PbO content of 70-80% has a high refractive index.

TEACHING THE TOPIC “OXIDATION-REDUCTION PROCESSES” IN NATURAL SCIENCES AT SCHOOL

Alisher Rakhimov, Islom Bobokhonov , Anora Umbarova , Sardor Elmurodov — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Oxidation-reduction processes are phenomena that occur continuously in nature. As a result of these processes, organic substances are converted into inorganic ones. Energy exchange in living organisms, thermal phenomena in physics, and electrical processes in nature are also related to oxidation-reduction processes. The essence of these processes is that the oxidation state of the particles that make up the substance changes during chemical reactions. This topic is mainly studied in depth in chemistry. This article provides valuable information on teaching oxidation-reduction processes.

DIDACTIC ASPECTS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN INFORMATICS LESSONS

Rakhmatilla Mamajanov , Munisa Buronova , Muzrob Berdimuratov — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article analyzes didactic aspects aimed at improving the quality of education in computer science lessons at different stages of education. In the context of the rapid pace of digital transformation and the growing importance of digital competencies, the introduction of effective pedagogical strategies that ensure meaningful and sustainable learning outcomes is becoming increasingly important. The study analyzes such basic didactic principles as the integration of interactive teaching methods, personality-oriented learning, the use of digital tools, and a competency-based approach. Special attention is paid to the adaptation of computer science curricula to the level of cognitive development of students, as well as the formation of critical thinking, problem-solving, and algorithmic thinking. The analysis is based on national and international scientific literature and highlights innovative teaching practices that serve to increase students’ knowledge acquisition and motivation in computer science.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE IMAGE OF A MODERN TEACHER IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF A FUTURE TEACHER

Mahliyo Ko‘chkinova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article highlights the role and importance of the image of a modern teacher in the professional training of a future teacher. The image of a teacher is analyzed as a complex concept, including not only external appearance, but also personal qualities, communicative culture, and professional skills. The article substantiates the need to form a pedagogical personality that meets the requirements of modern society, is open to innovation, and constantly develops itself. Also, the influence of a positive image in pedagogical activity on students, parents, and the professional environment, as well as its positive influence on the professional success of the future teacher, is revealed. It is emphasized that the formation of a positive pedagogical image for effective pedagogical activity is one of the important factors of the educational process. The article also examines the experience of countries with advanced education systems such as the USA, Finland, and Japan, and in these foreign experiences, the social status of the teacher, ongoing professional development programs, and effective communication with the public are shown as integral components of the teacher's image.

TEACHING IN PRIMARY GRADES BASED ON NEW TEXTBOOKS: ADAPTATION, EFFECTIVENESS, AND EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS

Azіza Normurotova , Shoira Nimatulloyeva — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article extensively covers the content and essence of new textbooks introduced in primary grades of general secondary education schools, their pedagogical and psychological foundations, as well as the process of students adapting to textbooks. The new textbook sets are structured in the form of a 4K competency-based approach, which provides for the formation of creativity, critical thinking, collaborative work, and effective communication skills in students. During the research and studies, the attitude of students and teachers towards textbooks, the level of assimilation of content, the level of learning, and the effectiveness of methodological approaches were studied and analyzed based on practical observations and interviews. The article identifies the advantages, disadvantages, and current problems of new textbooks based on information obtained from the real-life learning process. In particular, it was noted that tasks aimed at interactivity, logical communication, the use of visual aids, and gradual, step-by-step learning serve the formation of solid knowledge and skills in students. At the same time, shortcomings such as the complexity of some topics, language difficulties, and insufficient methodological guidelines were also considered and noted.

HARMONY OF INTEGRATIVE AND SIMULATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE THINKING IN FUTURE MUSIC TEACHERS

Abdulaziz Kosimov — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In the current era of profound reforms in the field of education, the rapid development of pedagogical technologies and the widespread use of digital tools demand a fundamental renewal of the learning process. This is especially true in the teaching of subjects related to art and culture, particularly music education, where there is a growing need for innovative approaches. In the training of future music teachers, it is important not only to provide theoretical knowledge but also to develop their creative thinking skills. A music teacher is not merely an instructor, but also a mentor who nurtures creative individuals and helps shape aesthetic taste and cultural awareness. This article analyzes the effective integration of integrative approaches and simulation technologies in developing the creative thinking abilities of future music educators. It highlights methods of enhancing creative thinking through the integration of music education with other subjects and encouraging active student participation through simulation. The article provides practical examples, methodological recommendations, and research findings on how the combination of integrative and simulation-based approaches can shape the creative competencies of future music teachers. Based on the research results, scientific and practical recommendations have been developed for the implementation of modern technologies in music education and for organizing the pedagogical process in a more interactive and effective manner.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE SPECIFICS OF THE FORMATION OF THE SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL IMAGE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Maftuna Niyozova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In today’s era of globalization, technological progress, and the acceleration of information flows, the issue of educating the younger generation based on national values and forming their spiritual and educational worldview is becoming increasingly relevant. Especially during the preschool period, which is considered the first stage of personality development, a solid foundation is created for the upbringing of the next generation by instilling in children such values as national idea, moral qualities, patriotism, respect, and manners. This article analyzes the specific aspects of the process of forming the spiritual and educational image of preschool children. The role of the family, educator, and educational institutions in the spiritual, moral, and social development of children is comprehensively covered. Using the methods of pedagogical observation, conversation, analysis, and experiment, topical problems were identified and effective solutions were proposed. The necessity of improving educational activities based on folklore and national values is also substantiated.

IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES OF THE TEACHING STAFF OF UNIVERSITIES

Orifjon Sultanov — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article addresses the issues of improving the professional performance indicators of professors and teachers in the higher education system. It analyzes ways to enhance the effectiveness of pedagogical activities based on modern educational requirements, improve the system of professional development, and implement innovative approaches. The article also presents scientifically grounded opinions on the criteria for assessing teachers’ professional competence and strategies for its development. It substantiates the crucial role of professors and teachers in improving the quality of higher education and emphasizes the importance of the continuous advancement of their professional activities. Today, the rapid development of educational processes requires in-depth study of pedagogical skills, the ability to conduct scientific research, and the skills of effective use of innovative technologies. This article develops practical proposals and recommendations for improving the professional performance of professors and teachers in the higher education system.

FOUNDATION FOR DEVELOPING ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION SKILLLS IN PREPARATORY GROUPS

Hafiza Amirova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article presents the content of interesting didactic games conducted to develop environmental protection skills in kindergarten pupils and their results. Educational didactic games are one of the most important educational resources. Such games play a large role in the development of children’s cognitive and intellectual abilities. In this article, a didactic game titled “Natural Damage” has been developed for children regarding problems that can harm society, such as environmental pollution and the disappearance of animal and plant species, and its methods of use are highlighted. In order to check the effectiveness of the game, a pre-game, questionnaire, and post-game results questionnaire were used. The results proved that this method contributes to the preservation and protection of nature by children to a statistically significant extent.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF PRIMARY EDUCATION METHODOLOGY

Onakhon Jabborova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of innovative approaches in the process of improving the methodology of primary education. The modern transformation of methodology, the effectiveness of innovative pedagogical technologies, information and communication tools, and interactive methods in improving the quality of education are studied. As a result of scientific and methodological analysis, methodological solutions are proposed that serve to increase students’ learning activity, as well as the development of creative and critical thinking abilities. The degree of adaptation of innovative approaches to the national education system, existing problems and opportunities are also considered. In general, innovative approaches are assessed as an important factor in achieving effective results in primary education, improving the professional activity of a teacher, and enriching the content of education.

THE ROLE OF THE TPACK MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHERS BASED ON THE STEAM APPROACH

Sayora Tilavova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article analyzes new pedagogical opportunities through the TPACK model based on the STEAM approach in the development of environmental competence of future primary school teachers. The mixed research method (mixed-method) was chosen as the research methodology. Data were collected on the basis of diagnostic tests, observation, semi-structural interviews, and practice. Also, based on the results of the experiment, the effectiveness of the practical application of the TPACK model, its positive impact and impact on the educational process were analyzed. As a result of STEAM activities organized on the basis of the TPACK model, environmental competence increased by 27.4%, critical analysis skills by 31%, and a creative approach by 28.6%. The number of ideas for sustainable development is 2.3 times, and the number of mastered digital technologies is 45% more than in the control group, which proves the high effectiveness of the integrated approach.

INNOVATIVE METHODS OF IMPROVING THE PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS OF FUTURE TEACHERS IN THE PRACTICE OF PRIMARY EDUCATION

Dilorom Tashpulatova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article examines the effectiveness of the collaborative method during weekly qualification practice in improving the professional skills of primary school teachers. The study analyzes the role of the collaborative method in the pedagogical process, its influence on the level of teacher preparedness, as well as the development of professional reflection and methodological approaches during practice. The collaborative approach has yielded positive results in the formation of teachers’ teaching skills, methodological approaches, and skills of individual approach to students. The participants of the experimental class achieved significantly high indicators in the management of pedagogical activity and the integration of teaching methods. According to the research results, 78% of teachers have a high level of professional skills and a culture of pedagogical communication, and effective teaching methods are clearly manifested in practice. In conclusion, the collaborative method plays an important role in the professional growth and development of methodological thinking of primary school teachers.

INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF UNITY IN THE NOVEL “BILGA KHAGAN”

Abdumalik Kuchkinov , Diyora Dustmurodova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article analyzes the concepts of ethnocultural pedagogy and nationalism reflected in the Orkhon-Yenisei epigraphic heritage, especially in the stele “Bilga Khagan”. The sources examine ethnopedagogical values, mechanisms of spiritual and ethnic transmission, and models of sociocultural identification. Bilge Khagan's ethnopedagogical leadership function is revealed through his activities, manifested through archetypal images and ritual-symbolic practices in the formation of national consciousness. The pedagogical significance of the work is explained by the reflection of ethnopedagogical heritage in historical sources, the identification of ancient methods of national upbringing, the analysis of the mechanisms of transmission of spiritual and moral values, the definition of the role of mythological images in the educational process, and the illumination of the theoretical foundations of ancient Turkic pedagogy. In the monuments, the elements of the epic and the didactic function of collective memory are studied separately. These sources provide an opportunity to reconstruct the models of spiritual and moral education of the Turkic peoples as historical examples of ethnopedagogy.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE STEAM APPROACH IN FOSTERING ECOLOGICAL CULTURE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Dildora Mustarova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In this article, the effectiveness of the STEAM approach in the development of environmental culture in primary school teachers is analyzed on a scientific basis. The study examines methods of increasing the effectiveness of the educational process through the formation of environmental competence, interdisciplinary integration, and the harmonization of modern pedagogical technologies. The STEAM approach is distinguished by its significance in environmental education, its important role in the development of environmental awareness, responsibility, and creative abilities in students. 450 students participated in the experimental work. The research results propose innovative theoretical and practical solutions that can be applied in pedagogical practice. This serves to educate a generation with ecological thinking and improve the quality of education. The research methodology is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis, experiment, and pedagogical experiments, which ensures the reliability of scientific conclusions.

METHODOLOGY OF USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN FORMING THE ECOLOGICAL THINKING OF 4TH GRADE STUDENTS

Sunatullo Dustov — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article is devoted to the development of a methodology for using innovative technologies in the formation of ecological thinking of fourth-grade students. The study examined the level of students’ understanding of environmental problems and their sense of social responsibility through the use of interactive teaching methods and modern technologies (multimedia, interactive programs, virtual excursions). Based on the methodological foundations, an experimental study was conducted, and based on its results, practical recommendations for teachers were developed. The results of the study show that the use of innovative technologies serves as an effective tool not only for increasing the ecological thinking and ecological education of students, but also for increasing their ecological culture. Also, this article is important because the issue of developing the ecological thinking of primary school students is recognized as one of the global problems of our society and the world as a whole.

STRENGTHENING PATRIOTIC IDEAS IN THE MIND OF YOUTH THROUGH MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Behruzjon Ismoilov , Gulzoda Qosimova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article analyzes the role and importance of modern information technologies in the formation of patriotic ideas in the minds of young people. It widely covers the influence of information technologies on the spiritual education of youth, innovative pedagogical approaches, and methods of effective use of social networks in the promotion of patriotism. The article also analyzes the role of modern methodologies in instilling national values in the minds of young people and their influence on the educational directions of state policy. At the end of the article, based on scientific sources and practical experience, effective methods, innovative tools and methods for educating youth in the spirit of patriotism through information and communication technologies are systematically recommended.

IMPROVING PSYCHOLOGICAL FUONDATIONS OF ESTABLISHING RESPONSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN FAMILIES IN YOUTH

Tojiddin Yuldoshev — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In this article, there are thoughts and opinions about improving the psychological foundations of forming responsible relationships with the family among young people. Family relationships form the cornerstone of society, providing emotional support, guidance, and stability [1]. For young individuals, the psychological basis of forming responsible family relationships is crucial, as it shapes their future interactions and influences their overall well-being. In today’s fast-paced world, where the dynamics of family life are constantly evolving, it is essential to focus on enhancing the psychological aspects of these relationships to ensure a stable and responsible family structure.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING IN PRIMARY GRADES

Hafiza Allayeva — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article analyzes the methodological approaches used in the formation of critical thinking skills in primary school students. Critical thinking is an important process aimed at developing students’ ability to think independently, analyze, evaluate, and make decisions. The article provides an analysis of methods that help students justify their opinions and draw logical conclusions through information and questions. Interactive methods such as participating in debates, analyzing situations, and working with pictures and diagrams are also cited as examples. It was analyzed that these methodological approaches serve students not only in mastering knowledge, but also in forming their skills in analyzing problems arising in real life and solving them based on critical thinking.

CLUSTER APPROACH AND ITS SCIENTIFIC VALUE

Shukhrat Merganov, Sardor Noraliyev , Gulshan Doniyorova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The cluster approach is recognized as an important methodological tool for ensuring effective cooperation between students and teachers in the educational process, deeper acquisition of knowledge and skills, as well as the introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies. This approach is widely used at various stages of education, in particular, in the formation of information culture in the process of training future teachers. The scientific significance of the cluster approach is manifested, first of all, in the fact that it is considered as a new paradigm in the organization of the educational process, as well as in its role in the development of students’ skills of independent thinking, analysis, and a creative approach. With the help of this approach, the processes of managing and analyzing large amounts of data are accelerated, and also stimulate the development of new approaches and models.

THE CONCEPT OF TRAINING FUTURE COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHERS FOR PROFESSIONAL WORK BASED ON DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES

Parvina Saidova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article analyzes the current state of the preventive system aimed at preventing and reducing professional and pedagogical deformation in higher education teachers. The issue of professional deformation began to be studied in the 20s-30s of the 20th century. In this regard, one can see scientific research that studied the problems of professional aspiration, ensuring labor reliability, increasing work capacity, as well as situations related to unfavorable conditions in professional activity. Professional deformation is a negative change in the cognitive, behavioral and motivational sphere of a specialist as a result of the influence of external and internal factors in professional activity. During the study, the main causes of professional deformation, its impact on teachers and existing preventive measures were studied. Based on the results obtained, practical recommendations were developed to propose effective preventive measures aimed at reducing professional deformation. The results of the study will serve to increase the professional well-being and effective work of teachers in the higher education system.

RULES OF PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE OF A TEACHER

Fakhriddin Urazov , Akhtamkul Azamkulov — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article highlights the theoretical and practical foundations of etiquette rules, which are of great importance in the process of professional training of teachers of general education schools. It analyzes moral culture, the role of ethics in pedagogical activity, as well as the professional qualities of a teacher and the need to comply with ethical norms. The article reveals the rules of etiquette that play an important role in the professional activity of a teacher and their inextricable connection with moral and aesthetic norms. Also, the theoretical foundations of ethics, the personal example of the teacher, the culture of behavior, and the necessity of observing etiquette in the pedagogical process are scientifically substantiated. In addition, the professional and spiritual significance of observing the norms of etiquette in the interaction of teachers, in relations with the public, and in communication with students is widely covered.

THE CONCEPT OF TRAINING FUTURE COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHERS FOR PROFESSIONAL WORK BASED ON DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES

Anorgul Ashirova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING HAND TECHNIQUE IN PIANO PERFORMANCE

Guzal Davronova , Farangiz Irisova — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article highlights the methodological approaches to the formation and development of hand technique in piano performance and its theoretical foundations. Mainly, in the process of working with students of children’s music and art schools, a system of effective exercises, technical complexes, methods of processing based on the combination of motor skills and musical expression are considered. The study analyzes the anatomical and physiological features of hand movements, the principles of the phased development of musical technique, as well as ways to effectively organize the lesson process based on pedagogical approaches. In addition, the article pays special attention to the role of psychological factors influencing the formation of piano technique, motivation, personal approach, and individual development trajectories. In the theoretical part, advanced foreign and domestic experience is analyzed, and in the practical part, specific methods, types of tasks, and technical means that can be used in classes are developed.

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR ORGANIZING MUSIC LESSONS APPROPRIATE TO THE AGE OF PUPILS

Bakhtigul Shodiyeva — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article highlights the issues of organizing music lessons in accordance with the age characteristics of students. In each age period, children’s hearing ability, the level of musical perception, emotional state, and creative thinking are different. Therefore, the content of the lesson, the forms of classes, and the assignments should be selected in accordance with the age of the students. The article provides methodological recommendations for selecting musical works suitable for age groups, awakening children’s interest in music, involving them in the active learning process, and guiding them towards creative activity. Also, ways to achieve effectiveness through the use of simple and understandable methods in lessons, the effective use of visual and auditory aids are indicated. This scientific article serves as a useful methodological basis for use in practical activities and serves to improve the quality of music education.

METHODOLOGY FOR IMPROVING THE TEACHING OF NATURAL SCIENCES IN PRIMARY GRADES BASED ON THE STEAM APPROACH

Muattar Panjiyeva — Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article is aimed at designing natural science lessons integrated with artificial intelligence based on the STEAM approach and developing a methodology for studying their effectiveness. In it, first of all, the theoretical foundations of STEAM education and the role of project work in modern education are analyzed. It also examines how to apply artificial intelligence technologies in natural science lessons and the impact of this integration on the level of students' knowledge acquisition and learning motivation.In particular, the possibilities of increasing the effectiveness of the natural science teaching process through the use of experiments, simulations, and interactive materials created on the basis of artificial intelligence are considered. These tools contribute to the development of students’ scientific thinking and the acquisition of deep knowledge. In addition, the article highlights the methodology for assessing the level of student learning and methods for determining the effectiveness of STEAM-based lessons.