All articles - Medicine
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MODERN ASPECTS OF PROVIDING EFFECTIVE ANDSAFE PHARMACOTHERAPYThe rapid development of pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology and the pharmaceutical industry in recent years has led to an unprecedented expansion and growth of the pharmaceutical market. According to the latest data, today about 30000 (!) names of medicines are converted on the world pharmacological market. Therefore, the practitioner has an urgent task not only to remember the names of the above drugs, but also to use them correctly in everyday activities. In addition, the doctor will need to know the advantages and disadvantages of new drugs compared to old ones, the interaction of drugs in the body. The effective, safe use of drugs can be studied by a physician as a result of many years of experience and skilled practice. The WHO estimates that more than half of all medicines are misused, dispensed or sold, and half of all patients receiving medicines are taking them incorrectly. Over-use, under-use or misuse of drugs is wasting limited resources and widespread health threats.
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THE ROLE OF EMBRIOGENETIC FAKTORS IN THE TEROTEGENESIS OF ANORECTAL MALFORMATIONAnorectal malformations (ARP) are congenital malformations that are common in pediatric surgery. Although surgi-cal procedures correct anatomical abnormalities, postoperative bowel function is not always satisfactory. The etiology of ARM remains unclear. In this review, summarize the current understanding of embryological and genetic factors contrib-uting to the pathogenesis of ARM, based on published animal models, human genetic studies, and epidemiological studies. Better understanding of these factors could help manage ARM better.
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CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF PREMATURE AND EARLY MENOPAUSE. WAYS OF CORRECTIONCurrently, the problem of early and premature menopause remains relevant due to the loss of fertility, reproductive function and a decrease in the quality of life of young women. The determination of clinical and hormonal predictors of the development of early/premature menopause and the development of a therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm for the management of women makes it possible to improve their quality of life.
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EVALUATION OF THE PREDICTIVE IMPORTANCE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND VASCULAR REGULATION IN POSTTRAUMATIC PAIN DYSFUNCTION OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTSThe work studied the characteristic features of the violation of radical lipid oxidation and the antioxidant defense system in patients with injuries of the temporomandibular joint and reveal their importance in the development of post-traumatic pain dysfunction. To achieve this goal, 54 patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome were examined. Methods for studying the LPO-AOS system and nitrate metabolites in the blood were used. On the basis of the obtained results of the study, a diagnostic algorithm for a comprehensive examination of patients with musculo-articular disorders after fractures of the mandible was proposed, including the use of various research methods to assess the information content of each of the methods
Medicine and innovations -
PHYTOPHAGES (LACHNIDAE, DIASPIDIDAE) OF OPEN-SEEDED TREES AND SHRUBS IN THE FERGANA VALLEY: FAUNA AND ECOLOGYIn the article, sucking insects living in open-seeded plants in the conditions of the Fergana Valley are analyzed ecologically and faunistically. 7 species of aphids and 2 species of aphids were recorded in open-seeded trees and shrubs. Among them, Cinara pinicola Kalt., Carulaspis visci (Schrank, 1781) and Carulaspis minima (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1868) from the shields were recorded for the first time in the Fergana Valley. According to the degree of attachment of sucking insects to food plants, species with a one-step feeding spectrum (Cinara picea, Eulachnus alticola, E.tauricus, Carulaspis minima, C.visci) and species with a two-step feeding spectrum (Cinara tujafilina) are divided into ecological series. Seasonal changes in the density of Cinara tujafilina, Eulachnus alticola, E.tauricus saps were analyzed by Fisher's "Z" method, and confidence levels were determined. On the basis of studies on the biology and ecological characteristics of all species of aphids and aphids, special studies on entomophages of aphids were conducted and preliminary results were obtained.
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REPAIR PROCESSES IN TISSUES OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL AREA WHEN USING NANOSTRUCTURED TITANMorphological and immunohistochemical assessment of reparative processes in the jaw and its surrounding soft tissues under conditions of an experimental rabbit fracture showed the effectiveness of fixing the fragments of the lower jaw with miniplates and miniscrews made of nanostructured titanium Grade-4.
Medicine and innovations -
ORTHOPEDONEUROSURGICAL TREATMENT FOR PRIMARY AND METASTATIC VERTETAL TUMORS WITH COMPRESSED SPINAL CORDAn analysis of the literature data showed that primary spinal tumors are rare; in most cases, spinal tumors are secondary, i.e. metastatic. Among them, hemangiomas, myelomas and metastases of uterine cancer predominate. PURPOSE OF THE WORK - to study the effectiveness of various surgical interventions taken in case of tumor lesions of the spine. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Case histories of 23 patients who were treated in the neurosurgical department of ASMI clinics and the neurosurgical department of the AF RNCEM in 2005-2007 served as material for a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of surgical methods of treatment. The age of patients is from 18 to 50 years, the duration of the disease is from 1 to 3 years. There were 16 men and 7 women. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. In the immediate postoperative period, 17 patients had complete disappearance of pain syndrome, 4 had a significant decrease in their intensity, and 2 patients had pains that remained at the preoperative level. Regression of neurological disorders in the postoperative period was observed in 18 operated patients. Positive clinical and neurological dynamics in the immediate postoperative period occurred in 80-85% of patients in both groups. However, over time, with a re-examination after 6 months and 1 year, the percentage of patients with a positive result of the 1st group decreased to 30-40%. In the 2nd group, the number of patients with positive neurological changes and the bearing capacity of the bodies of the affected vertebrae remained at the same levels - 75 - 80%.
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Optical and biometric indicators of the eye in children with juvenile glaucoma combined with myopiaPurpose. To analyze optical and biometric indicators of children's eyes with various stages of congenital juvenile glaucoma (CJG) combined with myopia. Material and methods. We examined 17 patients (31 eyes) aged 11 to 17 (averagely 14.0 ± 0.2 years) diagnosed with CYG who underwent, prior to surgical or conservative treatment, a regular ophthalmological examination supplemented with the measurement of the central corneal thickness (on an automatic contactless tonometer-pachymeter by NIDEK, USA), and the index of corneal deformation (ICD) by the Shkrebets technique. Results. The analysis showed a possible correlation between 1) tonometric intraocular pressure (Pt) and the axial length of the eye, 2) Pt and the ratio of excavation to optic disk diameter (E/ON), 3) axial length of the eye and the central corneal
in Library -
The role of eye biomechanical parameters in the development of congenital glaucoma in children
in LibraryTug'ma glaukoma bilan og'rigan bolalarda ko'zning biomexanik ko'rsatkichlari uning turli bosqichlari bilan o'rganildi. Oddiy birlamchi tug'ma operatsiyasiz glaukoma bilan og'rigan 1 oydan 3 yoshgacha bo'lgan 20 bemor (40 ko'z) tekshirildi. Ulardan 1-guruhga (ilg'or bosqich) mos ravishda 7 (14 ko'z), 2-chi (ilg'or bosqich) - 8 (16 ko'z), 3-chi (terminal bosqich) 5 bemor (10 ko'z) kiradi. Tadqiqot usullari orasida visometriya, refraktometriya, oftalmoskopiya, optik diskni qazib olishni aniqlash, ko'zning old-orqa o'lchamini ro'yxatga olish bilan A-skanerlash, 5 g og'irlikdagi elastotonometriya; janubiy; 15d, shuningdek, Filatov-Kalf usuli bilan. Olingan ma'lumotlarning tahlili shuni ko'rsatdiki, elastokrivning ko'tarilish gradienti barcha guruhlarda qayd etilgan, ammo eng yuqori ko'rsatkich terminal bosqichi bo'lgan bolalar guruhida bo'lgan, ko'zning anteroposterior hajmi esa mos ravishda kattalashgan. kasallikning og'irligi bilan. Ko'z ichi bosimining oshishi kasallikning og'irligiga mutanosib ravishda qayd etilgan. Konjenital glaukomaning oddiy shakli rivojlanishi bilan ko'zning biomexanik ko'rsatkichlari bosqichlarga ko'ra ortadi. Shu bilan birga, tolali membrananing qattiqligining pasayishi ko'zning to'qimalarida morfologik o'zgarishlarni va glaukoma jarayonining zo'ravonligini ko'rsatadi.
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Purpose — to determine the values of central corneal thickness (CCT) in children depending on the level of intraocular pressure
(IOP) and the stage of congenital glaucoma (CG).
Material and methods. Clinical studies were carried out in the eye department of the clinic at the Tashkent Pediatric Medical In-
stitute. The study involved 18 patients (36 eyes) aged 9 to 11 years (mean age 9.3±1.6 years) with confirmed diagnosis of CG.
All patients underwent basic ophthalmologic examination prior to surgical and conservative treatment. In addition to basic meth-
ods, axial eye length and CCT were determined using an automatic non-contact tonometer/pachymeter manufactured by NIDEK
(USA).
Results. Analysis of the obtained data showed that in initial, moderate and advanced stages of glaucoma, the CCT values were sig-
nificantly lower than the age norm values. This indicates stretching of the fibrous capsule and thinning of the cornea in glaucoma.
In terminal stage CG, the CCT values practically did not differ from the age norm, but were higher than in initial, moderate and ad-
vanced stages of the disease. The noted thickening of the corneal membrane in terminal stage may be explained by edema of the cor-
neal tissue as a result of elevated IOP.
Conclusion. The age norm values of CCT should be taken into account when characterizing the severity of glaucomatous process
in children. Compared to the age norm, the cornea is significantly thinner in children aged 9 to 11 years with initial, moderate
and advanced stages of CG, and becomes significantly thicker in terminal stage, which is associated with edema caused by ele-
vated IOP. -
The role of central corneal thickness in the unterpretation of intraocular pressure readings in primary infantile glaucoma
in LibraryDetermine the indicators of intraocular pressure (IOP) tonometry, taking into account the parameters of the central thickness of the cornea (CTC) in children with congenital infantile glaucoma (CIG). Clinical studies were conducted in the eye department of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute's clinic. A total of 14 patients (26 eyes) aged 3 to 10 years with a diagnosis of CG were examined. All patients underwent basic ophthalmologic examination prior to surgical and conservative treatment. In addition to basic methods, the axial length of the eyeball was determined, and the CTC was determined on an automatic non-contact tonometer - Reichert pachymeter (USA). An analysis of the data showed: IOP in 39% of cases was considered subnormal, after correction taking into account the CTC in 11% of cases, the IOP was high. This group (11% of cases) was composed of children with a “thin” cornea at the terminal stage of CIG and high myopia. The correct interpretation of IOP indicators will help in choosing an adequate treatment and monitoring the glaucoma process. The used indicator of the central nervous system has practical significance in the interpretation of tonometry according to Maklakov 5 gr.
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In the treatment of congenital glaucoma, the most important condition for success is timely and adequate surgical intervention, since traditional drug therapy for this pathology is ineffective.
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Comparative age-related assessment of the anterio-posterior axis length in children with normal eyes and with unilateral congenital cataract or congenital glaucoma
in LibraryThe length parameter of anterior-posterior axis is compared for children’s hyperopic eyes (302 eyes, hyperopia of 0.5 to 3.0 D). 109 eyes (109 children) with unilateral congenital cataract (UCC), and 132 eyes (90 children) with congenital glaucoma, aged 1 month to 15 years. Extended observation of anterior-posterior axis growth and refraction in eyes with artifakia showed a partial tendency to myopisation (3— 7%), which requires additional research of the pathogenetic process and should be taken into account when calculating the optical power of 1OL. The analysis of data on age-related growth of the anterio-posterior axis of eyes with congenital glaucoma showed the agreement with average figures for the developed and advanced stages of the condition. In contrast, terminal and advanced glaucoma (in children aged 2 to 3) the obtained data showed a reliable increase as compared to previously published values
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Effect of central corneal thickness on intraocular pressure in primary infantile glaucoma in children.
in LibraryThe importance of ophthalmotonometry in the diagnosis of ocular pathology cannot be overestimated. Not you- There are doubts about the need for this study in patients of all age groups [1]. For example tonometry data in eyes with a cornea having a thickness in the center of more than 580 microns need to be corrected lowering (real IOP is lower than the obtained data) [2].
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Clinical evaluation of biomechanical features of the fibrous membrane in children with congenital glaucoma
in LibraryThe clinical, functional and biomechanical properties of the fibrous membrane of the eye in children with
primary congenital glaucoma were studied using the method of elastotonometry. The results of a study of the
clinical, functional and biomechanical properties of the eyes in 57 children with primary congenital glaucoma and
in 11 healthy children aged 8 days to 7 years in the eye department of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical
Institute are analyzed. Research methods included clinical and functional methods and special (to determine the
rigidity of the membranes of the eye). The results of the study showed that with an increase in elastopod values,
the indicators of corneal deformation decrease as a result of pronounced corneal edema; the level of IOP in the
advanced and terminal stages indicates the weak rigid properties of the fibrous membrane of the eye. Thus, the
elastotonometry method is an objective quantitative diagnostic criterion for assessing the biomechanical proper-
ties of the fibrous membrane of the eye in children with congenital glaucoma. -
Evaluation of the effectiveness of our chosen approach in the treatment of this
disease, which is confirmed by the results obtained – a low percentage of relapses of the disease, a
reduction in the need for additional treatment, a reduction in the duration of the patient’s stay in the
hospital, as well as the feasibility of early aspiration of purulent contents through the skin, preventing
spontaneous opening of the abscess with subsequent probing and washing of the tear ducts. -
The article presents a clinical case of observation of the reactive course of the
postoperative period in a child with a combined injury of the eyeball, who was on inpatient treatment
in the department of ophthalmology of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. The
results of the study showed: adequate specialized surgical treatment of combined eye trauma in
combination with intensive therapy allowed to stop the exudative process in the eye chambers, in the
vitreous body, which allowed to stabilize the reactive course of the postoperative period, preserve the
eye as a functional organ and prevent the development of post-traumatic uveitis. -
DONOR FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT IN THE LIVING RELATED KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATIONResearch aim: to establish modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors for an unfavorable outcome of kidney transplantation. Materials and methods. The material of the study was 365 related kidney donors, who were observed from 2010 to 2021 in the department of vascular surgery and kidney transplantation of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after academician V.Vakhidov. All donors met the criteria of the regulation "About approval of the temporary regulation on the procedure for conducting for transplantation of kidney and (or) liver lobe, as well as hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow" Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated 23.10.2017 No. 859 and "On amendments and additions to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 23, 2017 No. 859 "About approval of the temporary regulation on the procedure for conducting for transplantation of kidney and (or) liver lobe" Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated 06.21.2021 No. 387, as there is own standard not available yet in the Republic of Uzbekistan. All donors were divided into groups: men, women, including women who did not give birth, women who gave birth, donorsmothers. Conclusions: 1. Optimal donors of related kidney transplantation in some cases had an increased proinflammatory background, a high level of medium molucar peptides (MMP), which did not affect the level of their filtration abilities of the kidney and had no clinical manifestations. 2. The increase in IL-6, CRP in donors correlated with both age and BMI. The age of the donor exerted influence the level of NTproBNP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), IL-6, CRP. TNF-alpha had no correlation with proinflammatory factors, age, BMI, subthreshold endotoxemia level. 3. Maternal donors had statistically significantly elevated levels of medium molucar peptides- 2 (SMP2) and TNF-alpha. 4. Installed significant impact of the age of the donor over 39 years, donor IL-6 more than 5.06 pg/ml and TNF-alpha more than 0.9 pg/ml on the risk of delayed renal graft function in the recipient. 5. On the quality of the graft was influenced by maternal donors, as this group of donors had an inverse correlation between decrease in creatinine and TNF-alpha levels at r=-0.31, p<0.05, and a correlation with SMP2 and TNF-alpha was also found in these donors at r=0.42, p=0.03. These data confirm, that maternal donation is an unfavorable factor for the outcome of renal graft
Journal of Biomedicine and Practice -
ТРЕТИЙ РЕНЕССАНС: РОЛЬ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ГУМАНИТАРНЫХ НАУК И ТОЧНЫХ НАУК В ПРОЦЕССЕ РЕФОРМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В СФЕРЕ МЕДИЦИНЫ И ФАРМАЦЕВТИКИВ условиях стремительного развития науки и технологий возникает необходимость в интеграции гуманитарных и точных наук для оптимизации образовательных процессов в сфере медицины и фармацевтики. Тема "Третий Ренессанс" акцентирует внимание на междисциплинарном подходе, который позволяет формировать у студентов не только профессиональные, но и социальные навыки. В рамках исследования были проанализированы существующие проблемы в образовательных системах, использованы методы сравнительного анализа и междисциплинарного подхода. Результаты показывают, что внедрение инновационных программ обучения способствует повышению качества образования и подготовки специалистов. Вклад автора заключается в предложении практических решений по интеграции гуманитарных и точных наук, что имеет значительное значение для будущих реформ в образовании
Pedagogy and psychology in the modern world: theoretical and practical research
