https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research <p>The Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal whose purpose is to provide modern and high-quality research in the field of cardiology and respiratory medicine. </p> Samarkand State Medical University ru-RU Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research 2181-0974 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1440 Daria Hemmerling Benedetta Signorelli Wojciech Wojakowski Michał Tendera Tomasz Jadczyk Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 9 12 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-1 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1441 In today's world, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a global medical and social problem. According to the forecasts of experts from the World Health Organization, a further increase in CVD and mortality from them is expected, which may be due to both a change in the demographic situation, the aging of the population, and the increasing influence of numerous risk factors associated with modern lifestyles. The current stage in the development of medicine marks the transition from the era of "one chronic disease" to the era of "polymorbid medicine". In the 20th century, evidence-based medicine was mainly focused on the diagnosis and treatment of individual diseases, and very little research was devoted to polymorbid patients. In real clinical practice, several chronic diseases are identified as the main object in most patients. This contradiction occurs between evidence-based medicine and real practice. Indeed, more than half of patients with chronic diseases are polymorbid. A detailed study of risk factors, clinical features and the course of MI, and, finally, comorbidity in men and women of working age will not only determine the optimal tactics for managing patients of this age group but will also improve the effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention programs. Ozod Murotkobilov Eleonora Tashkenbaeva Zarina Nasyrova Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 13 17 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-2 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1442 Currently, in most countries of the world, great attention is paid to metabolic risk factors, as there is an increasing trend in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most common risk factor among patients with metabolic disorders, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. Metabolic syndrome, which combines the following risk factors such as abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension (AH), dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and catastrophe. The mechanisms that increase the likelihood of developing 17 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) of the symptom complex are only partially understood. One reason for this may be early changes in the large vessels, which are manifested by loss of elasticity and the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Thus, metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease: impaired carbohydrate metabolism, obesity, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension (AH). There is still disagreement as to whether metabolic syndrome is a true syndrome complex or a combination of risk factors that are more common together rather than separately. Zarina Nasyrova Safarov Jonibek Nizomiddin Khalilov Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 18 21 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-3 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1443 In modern conditions, bronchial asthma (BA) is a different disease, which is based on chronic inflammation of the respiratory system, demonstrating the invariance of clinical manifestations at different ages. Given the heterogeneity of asthma, this has led to the concept of disease phenotypes. The term "phenotype" is used to describe the clinical features of the disease, phenotypic features include clinical, biochemical, immunological, and other dimensional parameters, any features or features of the organism, resulting in the manifestation of phenotypes, genotype and environmental influences. As a result, the prevalence of bronchological syndrome and bronchial asthma may be associated with the lack of a unified international classification for screening for bronchial asthma and broncho-obstructive phenotypes in young children. Thus, the identification and management of the most important risk factors for the development of respiratory broncho-obstructive syndrome has become an important task for researchers and a unified international classification of broncho-obstructive phenotypes. Nurali Shavazi M Atayeva Zh Gaibullaev Sh Khabibullaev B Khakimov Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 22 25 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-4 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1445 Community-acquired pneumonia occupies one of the first places in the structure of childhood morbidity and mortality and, despite the achievements of modern pediatrics, still belongs to serious childhood diseases. Pneumonia affects mainly children from three to seven years (20-40 per 1000 children per year). According to several domestic authors, this is due to a change in the spectrum of pathogens and the formation of antibiotic resistance. To control the effectiveness of treatment and, especially, the appointment of starting therapy, long-term prospective observations are necessary, allowing the doctor to navigate the modern spectrum of pathogens and its changes. Gulnoza Kardzhavova Maxim Lim Manzura Urunova Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 26 30 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-5 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1446 Despite the constant improvement of methods of examination and treatment, the mortality rate from coronary artery disease remains high, and therefore the search and development of new approaches to the management of patients with coronary artery disease are underway. Epidemiological studies carried out among the population of Uzbekistan have shown that more than 26% of people over the age of 40 suffer from arterial hypertension (AH), which is the cause of cerebral stroke, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure; about 11% suffer from various forms of ischemic heart disease. In Uzbekistan, 8000 cases of acute myocardial infarction are registered annually, about 60% of patients die at the pre-hospital stage [3]. Therefore, this is an urgent problem not only in clinical, but also in scientific medicine. The appearance of metabolic drugs in clinical practice has become an outstanding event in cardiology. Nigina Kobilova Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 31 33 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-6 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1447 Several scientists partially explained in the literature that the decrease in mineral density in patients with diseases of the stomach and duodenum occurs due to antisecretory and cytoprotective drugs. However, with acid-dependent gastrointestinal diseases, i.e., with chronic diseases of the stomach and duodenum, there are practically no signs of a violation of bone mineral density. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to determine that acid- and HP-associated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., chronic gastritis and ulcers, are important risk factors for low bone mineral density. And we set ourselves the goal of developing methods for the prevention and treatment of complications that develop in the bone tissue in these diseases. Feruz Nazarov Abdugaffor Xolto`raev Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 34 37 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-7 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1448 Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common and prognostically unfavorable pathologies of the cardiovascular system, as well as one of the most common causes of hospitalizations. Since a large percentage of cases of CHF leads to disability in the population, the search for optimal treatment and improvement of the quality of life is urgent. Nigora Pirmatova Sayyora Mullaeva Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 38 40 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-8 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1449 Bronchial asthma (BA) remains one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine due to the high prevalence, persistent disability, reduced quality of life of the patient and mortality. Genotyping of 130 persons of Uzbek nationality using PCR technology and restriction fragment analysis was carried out to study the serum level of IL-4 cytokines and IgE production in patients with bronchial asthma, considering Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2-adrenoceptor gene. According to the results of our studies, there was no significant relationship between the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2-adrenoreceptor gene and the activity of inductor cytokines. The Gln27Gln genotype of the β2-adrenoreceptor gene in patients with AD and, especially, in the allergic form of the disease, is associated with IgE hyperproduction. Khusan Turdibekov Eleonora Tashkenbaeva Rustam Yorbayev Gulirano Juraboyeva Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 41 44 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-9 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1450 Bronchial obstruction syndrome in children is a widespread pathological condition. Allergic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract with the participation of leukotrienes leads to the development of this syndrome in bronchial obstruction. We examined 120 children aged 6 months to 3 years with broncho-obstructive syndrome, who were hospitalized in the departments of emergency pediatrics and children's resuscitation of the SB RSCEMA. Group 1 included 60 patients who received conventional therapy; patients received ambroxol orally as mucolytic therapy. The P group consisted of 60 patients who received nebulizer inhalations with decosan at a dose of ml 2 times a day. It was found that blocking leukotriene receptors with the help of the drug decosan has a therapeutic effect, including in infants. The drugs are well tolerated, can prevent bronchospasm, and in some clinical situations can be used as an alternative to glucocorticoids. Dilshoda Tursunkulova Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 45 47 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-10 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1451 Objective: to investigate in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) hospitalized due to moderate coronavirus infection dynamic changes in clinical symptoms manifestations of COVID-19 1 month after the discharge. Material and methods: the study included 88 patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system hospitalized for coronavirus infection. After 1 month 72 respondents continued the study. Anamnesis collection, detailed survey on clinical manifestations of the disease, Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) mental status assessment scale was completed. Results: 1 month after discharge, there is a decrease in the number of patients with signs of respiratory system damage, such as cough, shortness of breath, chest congestion, after 1 and 3 months there is a decrease in exercise tolerance – in 80.5% vs 69.5% (out of 95.5% at the hospital stage), general weakness and increased sweating – in 69.5% after 1 month and 38.9% and 50.0%, respectively, after 3 months. 38.9% of patients noted noticeable, previously undetectable, hair loss. Prevalence of neurological symptoms were noted at the hospital stage including dizziness, severe headaches that cannot be relieved by analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), lethargy, disorientation in place and time, and in some cases even hallucinations. Some of the symptoms persist after 1 and 3 months: 55.5% of patients after 1 month and 36.0% after three months note a decrease in memory, 36% and 8.3% of respondents say they retain a sense of fear and anxiety, 63.9% and 38.9% of patients who noted problems with sleep during the COVID-19 disease, violations persist after 1 month and 3 months, respectively. Some of the respondents over the past month revealed adverse events: destabilization of blood pressure (BP) in the form of episodes of increased and decreased blood pressure during the day (36.0% vs 50,0), hypertensive crisis (14.0% vs 2,8%). Conclusion: 1 month after discharge, respiratory clinical sing and symptoms naturally decrease, but new symptoms appear, such as shortness of breath during exercise, in patients who have not previously noted breathing difficulties, fatigue, shakiness of gait, hair loss, increased sweating appeared. Within three months after discharge, symptoms of central nervous system damage persist in the form of sleep disorders, memory loss 38,9% and 69,5%, respectively, note weakness and a decrease in exercise tolerance, 50,0% continue to have increased sweating. A Tyapayeva E Naumova O Semenova U Bulaeva Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 48 54 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-11 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1452 Bronchial obstruction is primarily promoted by the anatomical and physiological features of an early age: glandular hyperplasia, viscous sputum production, small diameter of the airway lumen, age-related physiological insufficiency of local immunity. It is worth noting that any adverse effect on the child's respiratory tract: infections, polluted or cold air, leads to an increase in viscosity and the amount of secretion, which entails stagnation of mucus and impaired patency of the bronchial tree. Broncho-obstructive syndrome can be caused by spasm at the level of small bronchi of allergic origin (in children of early childhood it manifests itself atypically due to the weak development of smooth bronchial myocytes), foreign body aspiration, congenital anomalies, and pathologies of the respiratory tract. Of all these factors, infectious and inflammatory foci play a particularly significant role in the formation of bronchial obstruction. Broncho-obstructive syndrome can be caused by spasm at the level of small bronchi of allergic origin (in children of early childhood it manifests itself atypically due to the weak development of smooth bronchial myocytes), foreign body aspiration, congenital anomalies, and pathologies of the respiratory tract. Of all these factors, infectious and inflammatory foci play a particularly significant role in the formation of bronchial obstruction. N Shavazi Sh Khusainova D Tursunkulova B Tursunova D Karimova Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 55 58 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-12 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1453 The need to monitor the rhythm of the heart in patients who have undergone MI is generally recognized, while timely prevention of severe complications and sudden death is extremely important. We examined 48 patients aged 34 to 62 years who underwent large-focal myocardial infarction, the duration of which was 1.5-4 months in 32 people, and from 1 to 4 years in 16 people. The most frequent manifestation of the disease was angina attacks of I-III functional classes (FS), diagnosed in 33 patients. Signs of congestive heart failure were detected in 6 patients; cardiac arrhythmias, mainly in the form of extrasystolic arrhythmia recorded on a standard ECG, were noted in 7 cases. All patients underwent planned drug therapy, which was ineffective in 3 cases. Thus, the results of the study show a significant heterogeneity of patients after MI in terms of vegetative provision and electrical stability of the myocardium. Zarrina Khaidarova Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 59 62 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-13 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1454 In this study, the role of the genetic polymorphism of the IL-1β 3953 C/T gene in the development of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) in young men was studied, depending on the indicators of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. The objects of the study were 130 patients with UAP hospitalized in the departments of somatic resuscitation, emergency therapy No. 1 and 2 of the Samarkand branch of the RSCEM in the period 2018-2020. Depending on age, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st main group included 70 patients at a young age (from 18 to 44 years). The 2nd comparative group included 60 elderly patients (from 60 to 74 years). According to the results, it was found that in young and old patients with C/T and T/T genotypes of the IL-1β 3953 C/T (rs1143634) gene, the rates of pro-inflammatory IL-1β were higher compared with patients with the C/C genotype. Farida KHASANJANOVA Eleonora TASHKENBAEVA Dilrabo KHAYDAROVA Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 63 66 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-14 https://www.inlibrary.uz/index.php/cardiorespiratory_research/article/view/1455 Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease of connective tissue with a predominant lesion of small joints by the type of erosive- destructive polyarthritis of unclear etiology with a complex autoimmune pathogenesis. The disease is characterized by high disability (70%), which occurs quite early. The main causes of death from the disease are infectious complications and renal failure. Rheumatoid arthritis is widespread all over the world and all ethnic groups are susceptible to it. Chronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome in some diseases, accompanied by characteristic symptoms (shortness of breath, decreased physical activity, fatigue, edema, etc.) associated with inadequate perfusion of organs and tissues at rest or during exercise, accompanied by fluid retention in the body and its accumulation in soft tissues. Munira Khusainova Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Cardiorespiratory Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-03-02 2022-03-02 2 4 67 69 10.26739.2181-0974-2021-4-15