STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY
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LEGAL SYSTEMS OF UZBEKISTAN AND GERMANY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Mamajonova Sadoqat Mohirjon qizi
International Law Faculty, 1st-year student,
University of World Economy and Diplomacy
Annotation.
This article provides a brief comparison between the legal systems of Uzbekistan
and Germany. It explores the similarities and differences in their legal frameworks, judicial structures,
and legal education. The article also discusses existing challenges, such as legal reforms in Uzbekistan
and the complexity of German law. The analysis highlights possible areas of cooperation and
development between the two countries in the field of law.
Keywords:
Uzbekistan, Germany, legal system, judicial system, legal reform, law education,
legal framework, civil law, constitutional law, legal cooperation, legal challenges, legal comparison,
court structure, legal development, justice system
Legal System in Uzbekistan
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Uzbekistan’s legal system is primarily based on the civil law
tradition, with significant influence from Soviet-era law. Following its independence in 1991, the
country has made substantial efforts to reform and modernize its legal system. However, Soviet legal
traditions still impact its legal culture. International law plays an important role in Uzbekistan's legal
system. According to the Constitution of Uzbekistan (Article 17), the country recognizes and adheres
to international legal norms. Nevertheless, for international treaties to be implemented domestically,
they must first be approved by Parliament and integrated into national law. Although Uzbekistan is
part of several international organizations, including the United Nations, its participation in global
legal institutions like the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the European Court of Human Rights
(ECHR) is limited. Despite the progress made, Uzbekistan faces challenges in applying international
standards, ensuring judicial independence, and protecting human rights. Issues such as limited court
transparency, freedom of expression restrictions, and corruption are still prevalent. The country is
working toward joining the World Trade Organization (WTO), which will require further legal
reforms to align with global trade norms.
International Law in Germany.
Germany, like Uzbekistan, follows the civil law tradition, but its
legal system is deeply rooted in the Roman-Germanic tradition. The country’s Constitution, known as
the Basic Law (Grundgesetz), serves as the foundation of its legal framework. Germany is a strong
proponent of international law, and its legal system is highly integrated with global legal norms.
Germany’s Basic Law explicitly incorporates international law into domestic law (Article 25), making
international treaties directly applicable in national courts. The country is also committed to human
rights, having ratified important treaties like the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Germany’s courts, including the
Federal Constitutional Court, actively enforce international law. As a member of several international
organizations such as the United Nations, European Union, and World Trade Organization, Germany
plays an active role in shaping global legal standards. Despite its strong adherence to international
law, Germany faces challenges in balancing national sovereignty with its international obligations,
particularly in relation to the European Union. Furthermore, Germany has been criticized for its
refugee policies and involvement in international military operations.
Comparative Analysis
1. Constitutional Framework
Germany and Uzbekistan both recognize international law, but their approaches differ.
Germany’s Basic Law integrates international law directly into the national legal system, whereas
Uzbekistan requires additional steps, such as parliamentary approval and domestic legislation, before
international treaties can be fully implemented.
STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
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2. Human Rights and International Law
Germany has a well-established human rights framework, with courts regularly enforcing
international human rights standards. In contrast, Uzbekistan has faced challenges in fully
implementing international human rights norms, despite significant improvements in recent years.
3. Role in International Organizations
Germany is an active participant in global organizations like the United Nations and European
Union, and it plays a central role in shaping international law. Uzbekistan, while increasingly involved
in international organizations, particularly in its region, has not yet achieved the same level of
integration into global legal systems as Germany.
4. Compliance with International Treaties
Germany strictly adheres to international treaties, with these treaties taking precedence over
national laws. In contrast, Uzbekistan has struggled with the full implementation of international
treaties due to administrative barriers and inconsistent enforcement.
5. International Trade and Economic Law
Germany’s legal system is deeply connected to international trade law, especially through its EU
membership. Uzbekistan, on the other hand, is still in the process of aligning its legal framework with
global trade norms as it works toward WTO membership.
6. Environmental Law and International Cooperation
Germany is a leader in international environmental law and has committed to ambitious goals,
such as those outlined in the Paris Agreement. Uzbekistan, while making progress, is still addressing
significant environmental challenges, including the aftermath of the Aral Sea crisis.
Conclusion.
Both Germany and Uzbekistan are committed to international law, but their legal
systems differ in terms of implementation and integration. Germany has a well-established system for
incorporating international law into domestic practices, while Uzbekistan is still evolving in this area.
Despite the challenges faced by both countries, there is potential for further cooperation in the legal
field, particularly in areas like human rights, trade, and environmental law. As Uzbekistan continues
its legal reforms, it can draw on Germany’s experience to enhance its international legal framework.
References:
1. Yuldashev Sherzod . "Legal Reforms in Uzbekistan: A New Era." Federal Judicial Center,
2018.
2. Institute of Legislation and Legal Policy under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
"Ensuring Justice and the Rule of Law in Uzbekistan: In the Context of Judicial and Legal
Reforms."
3. XY Rechtsanwälte. "The Structure of the German Legal System
4. Wikipedia. "Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch."
5. Kosta Legal. "Uzbekistan Legal Newsletter for July 2023."
PROCESSES OF GLOBALIZATION AND ITS PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
Mambetkarimov R.R.
Karakalpak State University named after Berdak
Globalization is one of the processes that is turning humanity's life into a complete
transformation. Globalization is derived from the Latin word "glob," which can be translated as
"worldly." It is used to explain how, thanks to scientific and technological advancements, the Earth
has transformed into a unified sphere under human control, into the Earth. The word "global" literally
means "general" in French and "globus" in Latin. Thus, the concept of globalism, in both senses,
