STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY
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TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE LANGUAGE
MORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Daryabaeva I.
The 3rd year student of
the Foreign languages faculty of KSU
Konisov G.U.,
Karakalpak State University
Abstract
. This article explores the concept of morphology as a fundamental branch of linguistics,
focusing on the structural composition of words and the grammatical meanings they convey. It
compares the morphological systems of three typologically diverse languages as Karakalpak, Russian
and English-highlighting the typological features and implications of each system. The analysis
emphasizes how these differences impact areas such as translation, language acquisition, and
automatic text processing.
Key words :
morphological level, etymological kinship, unit of comparison, morphological
differences.
Morphology as a section of linguistics studies the structure of words and methods of expression
of grammatical meanings. A comparative study of the morphological systems of various languages is
of interest both from the point of view of general linguistics and in applied aspects - for example, in
the field of translation, teaching foreign languages and automatic text processing. This article
discusses the typological differences of morphological systems on the example of languages related
to different morphological types (Russian, Karakalpak and English).[1].
The morphological level of the language considers the structure of the word, forms of
phenomenon, methods of expressions of grammatical meanings, as well as the assignment of words
to a certain part of speech. The main unit of the morphological level is the morpheme, which is
considered the smallest structural unit, which is bilateral. Like any unit of language, except for a
phoneme, morpheme is a unity of shape and content. Morphems are of two births: a) a non -productive
base containing the meaning of the word; b) affixal morphemes bearing official functions.
According to the classical typology (Schleicher, Humboldt, Sapir), languages are divided into
three main groups:
• Flective languages in which grammatical significance is expressed using flexions - variable
endings, as a rule, containing several grammatical values at the same time.
• agglutinative languages, where grammatical meanings are expressed by joining affixes, each of
which carries one meaning.
• isolation languages characterized by minimal morphology and the absence of changed forms of
words. [3].
This classification is not absolute: many languages have signs of several types, but it allows you
to identify significant differences in the organization of the morphological system.
It should be mentioned that typological comparison is made not on the basis of material similarity
or etymological kinship, but on the basis of the functional similarity of individual phenomena of
compared languages. The first criterion, we believe, can be accepted to characterize the unit of
typological comparison should be a criterion for the functional identity of the compared phenomena.
Comparison of morphological systems:
The Karakalpak language is characterized by a clear sequence of affixes, each of which expresses
one grammatical meaning. For example, in the word “úylerimizden” (from our houses): úy -“house”,
-ler -a plural, -imiz -an attractive pronoun (ours), -den -initial case. Affixes are easily distinguished,
which simplifies morphological analysis, but increases the length of words.[2].
STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY
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45
The Russian language has rich morphology, expressing a wide range of grammatical meanings
through the endings. For example, in the word, the ending tables simultaneously indicates the number
(multiple), case (instant) and gender (male).The high level of fusia (fusion of meanings) makes it
difficult to automatically process the language, but makes it possible to expression of syntactic
relations without strict words.
In English, morphological forms are minimized: most words are unchanged, and grammatical
relationships are transmitted through words and official words. For example, the difference between
the subject and the object is not morphologically, but syntactically, but syntactically: he sees her -
subject and object are determined by the order of words, and not their forms.[4].
The consequences of typological differences. The type of morphological structure affects:
• Translation strategies: agglutinative forms can require detailed structures when translating into
an isolating language.
• Errors of language learning: native speakers of inflective languages more often experience
difficulties with the order of words in isolating languages.
• Automatic language processing: insulating languages are easier in marking, while inflective
requires complex morphological analysis.
The unit of comparison should combine the general features that are in general, with private signs
that characterize each of the compared phenomena separately. Separate cases existing in various
languages have each their own individuals, individual semi. But not all of them possess along with
these signs one common sign - the expression of the attitude of the designated object to other objects,
phenomena, processes. According to this second criterion, for our goal, the criterion for compliance
with the general particular and vice versa should be considered for our goal.[5].
The morphological typology of languages has a significant impact on the syntax, semantics and
pragmatist of the language system.A comparative analysis of morphological differences allows you
to better understand the features of specific languages and develop effective methods of translation
and teaching. The study of morphological typology is also important for the development of language
models in linguistic technologies.
REFERENCES:
1.Bybee, J. (1985). Morphology: A Study of the Relation between Meaning and Form. John
Benjamins.
2.Konisov, G. (2024, May). ON THE MATTER OF CLT IN TEACHING GRAMMAR. (2024).
Konferensiyalar
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Conferences,
1(14),
22-24.
https://uzresearchers.com/index.php/Conferences/article/view/3403
3.Shopen, T. (Ed.). (2001). Language Typology and Syntactic Description (Vol. 1–3). Cambridge
University Press
4.Уразниязова, Г., & Конисов, Г. (2025). Лингвистические и когнитивные особенности
английских предлогов. Инновации в современной лингвистике и преподавании языков,
1(1), 285–287. https://doi.org/10.47689/ZTTCTOI-vol1-iss1-pp285-287
5.Fudeman, K & Aronoff, M.,. (2011). What is Morphology? 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
6. Реймова А. Ж., Утешова З. Х. ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЕ СИТУАЦИИ, НАПРАВЛЕННЫЕ
НА РАЗВИТИЕ ТВОРЧЕСКОЙ КОНСТРУКТИВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ
//Интернаука. – 2021. – №. 23-1. – С. 78-79.
7. Utebaevna T. A., Maxsetovna D. U. ASSESSMENT. FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE
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