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3. Cherwitz A. R. Creating a Culture of Intellectual Entrepreneurship. Academe 91. July/August
2005. Vol. 5
4. А.Мухторов; Ш.И. Мустафақулов “Таьлим соҳаларини ривожлантириш буйича хориж
тажрибалари” -“Иқтисодиёт ва инновaтцион технологиялар” илмий журнал 2012 й №4
май.
5. Асаул, А.Н. Модернизaтция экономики на основе технологических инновatsiй.– СПб:
АНО ИПЭВ, 2008. – 606 с.
6. Захидова Ш.Ш. Олий таълим хизматлари бозорининг амал қилиш механизми
самарадорлигини ошириш (Ўзбекистон материаллари асосида). И.ф.н. дис.автореферати.-
Т.: ЎзМУ, 2012. 26 б
7. Низамов А.Б. Рахматов Ш.А. Замонавий олий таълим муассасалар шаклланишига таъсир
кўрсатган асосий шарт-шароитлар ва омиллар. // Педагогика ва психологияда
инновaтциялар журнали №SI-2/2020-7. 2020 847-851 бетлар
IMPORTANCE OF SYNERGISTIC ANALYSIS IN LINGUISTICS
Absamatova Mariya Mardon Kizi
1
st
year student of Jizzakh State University
Khayriniso Bakhtiyarovna Ganiyeva – PhD
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the consideration of synergetics as a new scientific approaches
in linguistics.. Synergistic analysis in linguistics is essential for a comprehensive understanding of
language as a complex, dynamic system. It allows for deeper insights into language structure, function,
acquisition, processing, and evolution, benefiting both theoretical research and practical applications.
Keywords:
Synergetics, linguosynergetics, self-organization, expressiveness of speech, stylistic
features, comparative analysis.
Synergetics is a multidisciplinary field that studies systems and processes that exhibit self-
organization. It was introduced by Hermann Haken in the 1970s and has since found applications in
a variety of disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, sociology, and economics. Synergetics
(from the Greek syergetikos - joint action, interaction, etc.) is a new interdisciplinary direction in the
study of systems consisting of a large number of components or subsystems that interact in a complex
way. As a result of such interaction, processes arise that lead to the self-organization of the system.
Linguosynergetics, a branch of linguistics, applies the principles of synergetics to the study of
language. This interdisciplinary approach explores how linguistic structures and patterns emerge,
stabilize, and evolve through the interactions of simpler linguistic elements. It offers a framework for
understanding the self-organizing properties of language systems. Exploring how meanings and
pragmatic norms develop and stabilize through communicative interactions. Investigating the
dynamic nature of semantic fields and pragmatic usage. Viewing language learning as a process where
learners acquire linguistic structures through self-organization. Understanding how interaction with
the environment and social context influences language acquisition.
Language is formed under the influence of various linguistic and non-linguistic factors,
possessing various functional capabilities, it gives rise to various incarnations and reincarnations.
When studying the process of self-organization in language, it is necessary to take into account the
following parameters: 1) geographical factor - spatial factor; 2) chronological factor - time, time axis;
3) sociological factor - social environment, culture, religion, nationality, age social signals, such as
Here is the process of linguistic dynamics and organization of words, based on these three factors. In
the language system, the order parameter is determined relatively. In this regard, H. Haken wrote: "In
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the linguistic system, the order parameter is people are considered representatives of this language,
people study the language, improve it and pass it on to other generations. And in the individual-
community system, the order parameters, the type does not matter, because the type is between the
individual and the society itself. Linguistics
serves as a special "golden bridge" [1] in society.
According to Köhler’s theory language is divided (1) language-constitutive requirements, (2)
language-forming requirements, and (3) control-level require-ments [2]. The second step is the
determination of system levels, units, and variables which are of interest to the current investigation.
In step three, relevant consequences, effects, and interrelations are determined. Here, the researcher
sets up or systematizes hypotheses about dependences of variables on others, e.g. with increasing
polysexuality of a lexical item its polysemy increases monotonically, or, the higher the position of a
syntactic construction (i.e. the more to the right hand side of its mother constituent) the less its
information, etc. The forth step consists of the search for functional equivalents and multi-
functionalities. Step five is the mathematical formulation of the hypotheses set up so far – a
precondition for any rigorous test - and step 6 is the empirical test of these mathematically formulated
hypotheses. In this way, for each subsystem of language (i.e. the lexical, morphological, syntactical
etc. subsystems), models of arbitrary complexity are formed. The elements, the system variables,
represent linguistic units or their properties, while the specific links between these elements are
universal hypotheses, which obtain the status of laws if they have been intensively tested and
corroborated.
Synergetic linguistics belong to the most productive and interesting research branches of modern
approaches to language. Synergetic linguistics considers language as a self-organizing and self-
regulating system (Köhler 1986, 2005), which dynamically adapts to the changing needs of a given
language community. This dynamic process of adaptation can lead to the development of new
structures for communicative functions required, or to the elimination of elements which are not
required any longer, but which may eventually be used for other purposes. Synergetic linguistics has
been developed with the explicit aim not only to describe the emergence and development of linguistic
elements, structures, and properties, but also to explain them in terms of a process.The present
anthology with its 20 contributions written by 26 internationally renowned authors offers a
representative insight into and survey over current scientific research in this fascinating area. The
contributions discuss a wide range of issues based on data from typologically quite different
languages: this comprises detailed phonological, morphological, lexicographical, syntactic and
semantic analyses of individual linguistic phenomena, as well as text linguistic studies. Moreover,
there are a number of articles, which use the synergetic approach to deal with problems that are
relevant for other disciplines, both in the humanities and other sciences. They reflect the
interdisciplinary nature of synergetic research and demonstrate that synergetic linguistics can provide
an important impetus for the study of literature, semiotics, musicology, forensic linguistics,
computational linguistics, and others.
In linguistics, synergetics has been widely studied and analyzed by R. Kohler, that is, language
and text create dynamic phenomena according to constantly changing and spontaneously.
The term "Lingvosynergetics" was used for the first time in 1999 by I.A. German and V. A.
Pishalnikova in the book of “Introduction to Lingvosynergeti”. Later, scientists such as V.N. Baetev,
G.G. Moskalchuk, B. Gyortzel, N.I. Byalous conducted special studies on linguistic synergistics. I.A.
German and V.A. Pisdalnikova's work “Introduction to Linguosynergetics” focuses on only one aspect
of linguosynergetics - the synergistic system of speech activity, text symmetry and asymmetry, that
is, the synergistic process of speech production and text translation, the physiological,
neurophysiological and physiological aspects of studying this process focuses on explaining the
psychophysiological foundations. Language has polyfunctionality notes by E. Sepir that it is deeply
embedded in human behavior. Everything and phenomenon in existence is growing and changing.
These changes are often not visible to the eye. Such changes, which do not progress perceptually,
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become clearly visible with the passage of time. W. Humboldt, who understood language as an
activity, is his shows not only dynamism, but also activity. Language activity, according to the
scientist, as a social, social phenomenon is manifested in its influence on the individual from the
language according to its internal and external needs the more he uses it consciously, the more the
language affects his mind.
The approach is based on the idea of the analogy of physiological, neurophysiological, mental
processes of generating meanings, which makes it possible to combine this knowledge in a single
model. Speech activity is considered to be synergetic, which reflects the process of creating a
grammatical, morphological, phonetic, stylistic and pragmatic system. The importance of synergism
in linguistic comprehension and analysis is evident. How to make it so as to attract the attention of
alllisteners? It is necessary to give speech expressiveness and purity, as well as to understand what
the culture of speech is and what means it achieves. As it turns out, this is not so simple.
Expressiveness of speech is such a feature of it that thanks to constant attention and interest of listeners
and readers. But in this way you can transform your speech only a person who is able to independently
think, possesses a bright range of feelings, emotions and experiences. It is these qualitative
characteristics that give rise to a desire for a person to express and manifest himself in some way.
Therefore, he will do everything possible to make listeners and readers understand him. A synergistic
analysis can be carried out when entering into a conversation using various metaphorical words and
expressions for speech fluency and intelligibility. It is permissible to interpret linguosynergics as the
basis of a clear integration, because through a single linguosynergistic study, all analyzes of speech
acts in the psychological, grammatical and speech process will be explored.
Making a new word from some existing word by changing the category of a part of speech;
the morphemic shape of the original word remains unchanged:
love — to love, paper — to paper, brief —
to brief
,
work — to work;
etc.
The new word acquires a meaning, which differs from that of the original one though it can be easily
associated with it. The converted word acquires also a new paradigm and a new syntactic function (or functions),
which are peculiar to its new category as a part of speech, for example,
plant – to plant
(see Table 1).
Table 1.
Meaning, paradigm and functions of
plant
(n)
– plant
(v)
Meaning
Paradigm
Function(s)
Plant
a living thing that grows in
soil, has leaves and roots, and
needs water and light from the
sun to live, e.g.
a garden/pot/
house plant
-
s
(plural)
-‘s
(possessive case)
-s
’ (possessive case
plural)
Subject
Object
Predicative
to plant
to put trees, plants, or
seeds in soil or the ground so
that they will grow there. E.g.
I’ve planted a small apple tree
in the garden
.
-s
(3
rd
person, singular)
-
ed
(Past Indefinite,
Past Participle
-
ing
(Present
Participle, Gerund)
Predicate
Nouns converted from verbs are called deverbal substantives. And the analysis of such changes
should be considered with the linguistic synergetic process, according to which the transformation of
words from the verb word group in any sentence structure into a noun lexeme is meaningful and original.
In essence, there are human psychological views and the activity of thoughts [3]. The linguosynergetic
approach is acceptable for explaining the actualization of communication models. In communication, in
discourse, formulas for expressing meaning are refined. New models of word formation are being
created. It can be assumed that, according to the traditional model. Linguistic creativity is most clearly
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manifested in the creation of innovations, in particular, wordformation, that is constructed words that do
not correspond to the language norm, but are built according to the models existing in the language and
corresponding to the language system. The theory of fractals is a methodological basis of this research.
It is the concept and methodology of self-organization that can be used for the analysis of difficult
nonlinear discourse systems [4] (Arshinov & Budanov, 2017). The processes and the phenomena in the
humanitarian sphere are considered as the complex self-organized systems which emergence and growth
can be presented through cross-disciplinary communication, nonlinear modelling and the fractal analysis.
The fractal is considered by scientists as the general scientific concept working in any field of any science
and representing each phenomenon as a continuously changing system.
The formation of new words in the language system is spontaneous. That is, the word first arises
from the need to express a particular concept in the speech of a member of the community. However, it
is much harder for the word to take root and stabilize in the language. Because in the same way, everyone
in the community can express it in a completely different way. As a result, ―words that express concepts
can be used differently in different speech situations [5]. This chaos lasts a long time and eventually turns
into chaos. This can happen in any normal speech process. Suppose a team leader (or an older person)
expresses a concept with a word in a particular speech (or multiple speech process), and the rest of the
team learns the word ("pulls it out of their mouths"), used in their speeches, and thus the word occupies
a fixed place in the lexical richness of the language of this community. That is, any neologism first
appears in speech. If the majority of speakers of this language accepts this innovation, it will enter the
language system [6]. Synergistic analyzes reveal the possibility that the expression and new interpretation
of linguistic units in oral and written speech can lead to the effective and accidental popularization of
social phenomena. The lexical level of language is often taken as the main subject of linguistic
synergetics.
Reference
1.Haken, H.. Synergetics.
Physics Bulletin
, 1977–
28
(9), 412.
2. Köhler. Elemente der synergetischen Linguistik.
Glottometrika,
1990.
–
12
: 179-188
3. Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М.:
Дрофа, 2006. – С. – 78-128.
4. Arshinov, V.I., Budanov, V.G. Social and humanitarian aspects of forecasting and management of
development of convergent technologies. Philosophical sciences. Moscow 2017. – С. – 63 – 79
5. Kohler R. Synergetic Linguistics [Book]. - 2005
6. Majidovich K, A. Features of Dialectal Words That Fill in the Gaps in the LanguageVocabulary
[Article] // International Journal on Integrated Education. - 2021. - 4(10). - pp. 157-164
СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ УЗБЕКСКОГО И РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ:
ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ТРУДНОСТИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ
Агынбаев Айбек Бердимуратович
студент 2-го курса факультета иностранных языков,
отделения русского языка и литературы КГУ имени Бердаха
Аннотация
: В статье рассматриваются основные сходства и различия между узбекским
и русским языками на уровнях фонетики, морфологии, лексики и синтаксиса. Проводится
сравнительный анализ языковых систем с целью выявления факторов, вызывающих
затруднения у узбекоязычных студентов при изучении русского языка. Обосновывается
необходимость учета межъязыковой интерференции в методике преподавания.
