STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY
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REDUPLICATIVE IMITATIVE WORDS IN THE ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK
LANGUAGES
Abdiganieva Dilnaz Bazarbay kizi
4
th
-year student, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute
Bayimbetova Mekhriban Berdibaevna
Scientific advisor, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute
In English, onomatopoeia has simple (mono-syllable) and reduplicative forms. For example:
tweet (singing), cough (cough ), meow-meow (meow-meow) , quack-quack (forty-forty).
Onomatopoeic units involving sound repetition and alternation include:
blah-blah (mumbling) ,
chitter-chatter (talking sound), snip-snap (thud-thud), flip-flap (shart-shurt)
. Similarly, the majority
of compound words are imitations (onomatopoeia). The existence of numerous reduplicative
onomatopoeic word forms has been demonstrated by numerous scholars. A. A. Reformatsky writes:
"English is rich in repeating words, which are full and (mainly onomatopoeic):
"quack-quack"- forty-
forty (ducks), "jug-jug" - nightingale's singing or motor's sound, "plod-plod" -horse's hoof sound,
tick-tick - clock ticking;
incomplete (variable vowel sounds):
"wig-wag" - flag signal, "zig-zag" - zig-
zag, flick-flock - shoe tapping, "riff-raff"- scatterbox<
I.V. Arnold also discusses the characteristic phenomenon of words with a repetitive structure for
onomatopoeic words in the English language. The scientist divides them into 3 groups:
1) direct reduplicative words (hush-hush, quack-quack);
2) ablaunt reduplicative words (chit-chat, pow-wow);
3) rhyming reduplicative words (razzle-dazzle) [Arnold 1986:130].
Directly reduplicative words, as sometimes suggested, do not limit themselves to repetition in the
reinforcing effect of onomatopoeic roots. Primarily, these are simple, distinct forms, representing a
very mixed group encompassing onomatopoeic roots and secondary morpheme parts: "
hush-hush" -
(dream-dream)
- (secret), "
mur-mur"
- mumbling
, pooh-pooh
-
tupalam.
Ablaut reduplicative words - these are twin root morphemes, sometimes a secondary morpheme
is repeated with another vowel in the structural part. Typical changes occur through the vowel sounds
[i] - [æ]:
"chit-chat"
- gossiping,
"dilly-dally"-
empty passing,
"knick-knack"
- small,
"riff-raff"-
scattered,
"shilly-shally"
- sluggishness,
"zigzag"
- zigzag, and changes in the sounds [i], [o]:
"ding-
dong" -
bell ringing,
"ping-pong"
Rhyme Reduplicative Words - Combination of words consisting of two elements (often secondary
morphemes):
"boogie-woogie" -
bugi-vugi (a type of jazz)
, "harum-scarum"-
light-tempered,
"helter-
skelter" -
hurriedly,
"hoity-toity" -
without thinking,
"humdrum" -
uniform, boring,
"hurry-scurry"
The structure of onomatopoeic words in the Karakalpak language corresponds to the above
divisions based on linguistic facts. Therefore, they preferred to divide onomatopoeic words according
to their structure as individual (dir, singq),pair (irim-jirim, altek-ta'ltek),repetitive (ars-ars, burq-burq)
[Embergenov 1990:37].
The components of repetitive onomatopoeic words are pronounced without sound changes. Such
words are not similar to other forms of repeated words in terms of their sound structure, intonation of
pronunciation, and meaning in the sentence. Repeated imitative words are pronounced with a specific
intonation, indicating that the image being imitated and the sound produced are repeated several times.
However, words other than onomatopoeic words do not necessarily have to be pronounced with
intonation. These words indicate a lot of action. Although the sound structure and pronunciation of
repetitive imitations are the same, their meanings are not identical. For example: The phone clicked .
The cricket whirled . The machines whirred . The wheels whirled .
In the given examples, the first words shır-shır, zir-zir denote sound imitation, and the last ones
denote image imitation.
STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE
ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________
8
Types of repetitive imitations like elp-elp, enk-enk, ız-ız, ars-ars, ańq-ańq and others begin with
vowels, while mılja-mılja, ińgá-ingá end with vowels.
The repetition of onomatopoeic words is called differently in Turkic languages. For example, A.
N. Kononov defines repetitive onomatopoeic words as "doubled" [Kononov 1960:338], while R.
Kungurov refers to Uzbek onomatopoeic words as "reduplicated words" [Kungurov 1962:9], and in
Turkmen and Kazakh languages, repetitive onomatopoeic words are called "repetitive forms."
Therefore, it is correct to call the repetitive form of the imitative word "takror" [Xudaykuliyev
1962:42], [Ketembaev 1965].
Repetitive similes themselves are divided into three parts based on their structure and the number
of syllables in that word:
1. Repetition of monosyllabic onomatopoeia:
ız-ız, dúk-dúk, gúrk-gúrk, ǵırq-ǵırq;
2. Repetition of two-syllable imitations:
shqır-shqır, shıńǵır-shıńǵır, patır-patır, mıńǵır-mıńǵır;
3. Multiple repetitions of monosyllabic imitations:
lik-lik-lik, dúk-dúk-dúk-dúk, dıng-dıng-dıng-
dıng-dıng.
This categorization of repeated imitations reveals the key differences between these words and
other repeated words and demonstrates the characteristics of sound and image formation.
In summary, there are several types of imitations in English and Karakalpak based on their
structure. In Karakalpak, there are individual, paired, and repeated imitations. In English, there are
also single (single imitative), pair (pair imitative), and reduplicative (repetitive) types. In terms of
construction, the types of imitators are almost indistinguishable from each other in shape. They are
used equally in both languages as sentence members.
References:
1. Арнольд И.В. Лексикология современного английского языка Издание третье,
переработанное и дополненное. Москва «Высшая школа» 1986, – с.130.
2. Ембергенов У. Ҳәзирги қарақалпақ тилиндеги еликлеўиш сѳзлер. –Нѳкис:
«Қарақалпақстан» 1990. – 25 б.
3. Кононов А.Н. Грамматика современного узбекского литературного языка, М.-Л. 1960. –
339 с.
4. Кунгуров Р. Изобразительные слова в современном узбекском литературном языке,
Автореферат канд. дисс. Ташкент 1962 г.
5. Худайкулиев М. Подражательные слова в туркменском языке, Ашхабад, 1962, – 36
6. Катембаева Б. Подражательные слова в современном казахском языке, Автореферат канд.
дисс. Алма-Ата 1965 г.
7. Баимбетова, Мехрибан. "Inglis hám qaraqalpaq tillerindegi eliklewishlerdiń qurílísí boyínsha
túrleri."
Преимущества и проблемы использования достижений отечественной и мировой
науки и технологии в сфере иноязычного образования
1.1 (2024): 94-96.
8.
Oringalieva D., Tajieva A. CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING IN TEACHING
ENGLISH TO KARAKALPAK HISTORY LEARNERS //QUALITY OF TEACHER EDUCATION UNDER
MODERN CHALLENGES.
– 2023. – Т. 1. – №. 1. – С. 737-741.
9. Xudoyberdiyev X., Tajieva A., Oringalieva A. DEVELOPING COLLABORATION IN ENGLISH
CLASSES //
Студенческий вестник. – 2020. – №. 27-3. – С. 40-41.
