No. 1 (2016)

Actuality and claiming of of dissertation theme. In present time in different ranges of economics of countries with intensive development industry prevention of corrosion of metals and elaboration of inhibitors and anticorrosion covers is one of actual and important task. In countries of the world with development chemical and oil-chcmical industry losses from corrosion of metals is equaled 30% from their year production; corrcspondcntly construction and using of inhibitors of corrosion and anticorrosion covers in practices has a very important value.
During of years of independence of Uzbekistan have been introduced programs by introduction of modern technologies in industry. For protection of equipment corrosion inhibitors and anticorrosion covers arc used, with this aim in our country a systematical scientifically investigation by elaboration of new types of inhibitors and anticorrosion covers have been carried out.
In industrial scales influence of inhibitors and anticorrosion covers of polymeric type on corrosion of steel have been investigated with aim of their introduction in practices. Inhibitorial protection of technological equipment and pipelines working in aggressive mediums, increasing of their stability and durability is one of the effective problems.
Inhibitors of corrosion arc used for obtain stable covers and chemical compositions connecting oxygen or some ions; as additions in compositions; curvers in circulating water systems; in oil-chemical and oil-refining industries, any energetically mountings; for protection of microelectronics and modem army technics; they arc added in fuel, building materials. In last time water-soluble high molecular compounds also are used as inhibitors; often they are used for fight with salt- and slamo-dcposits but also they can be used as potential inhibitors of corrosion owing to their low toxicity.
Modem classification of inhibitors has included oxidizers, inhibitors of adsorbsional type complex formating and polymeric types. Such devision has witnessed about variety mechanisms of their action and possibilities of using of achievements of different fields of chemistry for protection of metals from corrosion. The special significance is dewoted to corrosion inhibitors using in water mediums.
In number cases the high role is devoted to anticorrosion covers. Knowledge of theoretical states of corrosion and mechanisms of protection from it has allowed to elaborate of anticorrosion covers with properties of modeled rust. At this great role is devoted to displaccmcat of deficit components by local raw materials -many-tonal waste of oil-fating and chemical industries such as gossipolic resin, cotton soapstock, hydrolyzed lignin.
This dissertation work is oriented on the realization of resolutions of President of Republic Uzbekistan PP-916 from 15 June 2008 year “About additional measures by stimulation of introduction innovational projects and technologies in production” and PP-1071 from 11 March 2009 year “About program of measures by acceleration of constructions and mastering of production of new types of chemical production”.
Aim of investigation. Elaboration of new class of multicomponent inhibitors and anticorrosion covers for effective protection of metals from corrosion and investigation of their physico-chemical properties.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following: determination of protection mechanism elaborated multicomponent inhibitors and anticorrosion covers of new generation and also possibility of formation of self-organizating surface layers;
it was determined that particulitiers of multicomponent inhibitors having a high adsorption on mctalic surface have carried out to marked decreasing of navozajing of steels;
degree of fulfilment of electrod surface, rate of solution of metal, the constant of adsorption equilibrium and coefficient of interaction of components of mixed inhibitors have been determined;
it was determine that phenoment of sinergism has been noted in the presence of high molecular compounds especially strong it has been noted in comparison with low-molccular aliphatical amines what can be explain by differences in mechanisms of action of inhibitors of different chemical nature;
it was proved that treatment of rust surface by covers on the base of gossipolic resin has promoted to modification of corrosion products in hard-soluble stable compounds decreasing of process of metals destruction.
CONCLUSION
1. On the base of systematical fundamental investigation of kinetics of clcctro-chcmical processes and mechanism of inhibition for the first time a number of particulities of inhibitors of different chemical nature have been determined what has allowed to elaborate of scientifically-based approach to elaboration of effective, ecologically safe, economically advisable, import-substituted inhibitors of corrosion of polymeric type on the base of local row-materials; waste and byproducts of chemical, electrochemical and mining-metallurgical industries.
2. It was shown that mechanism of anticorrosion protection by two-componcnts inhibitors of polymeric type containing polyphosphates principally has differed from action of low-molccular inhibitors. Inhibitors on the base of high-molecular compounds have formed complexes with low-molccular components containing in composition of corrosion deposits caused to their condensation and making their low perspicacious for corrosion-active reagents; than adsorption processes have carried out couse to decreasing of growing of phosphate layer owing to which it became less prone, more thin and it’s protection properties have been increased. Amine-containing two-component inhibitors have displaced donor-acceptoral interactions owing to presence of individed electron pair of nitrogen atom of amino-group with atoms of metals but difference in protection action of amines (RNFb) in the presence of polyphosphates can be caused by different degree of fulfillment of steel surface what from positions of local interactions is connected with peculiarities of microrclief of adsorbent surface and value the constant of distribution of adsorbate between of contacting phases.
3. For the first time it was determined that synergism especially strong is noted in the presence of high-molecular compounds (NaPOaVunifloc, Na-jPiO?-unifloc, КадРгОт-Ка-СМС, Na-^Ch-gclatin, Са^РгОу- gelatin in neutral and weak alkaline mediums (pH=7+9) in temperature interval 20+40 °C; also it is necessary to note that synergism at using of different alyphatical amines is less expressed what can be explain by differences in mechanisms of action of inhibitors of different chemical nature. It was shown that inhibitors of polymeric type are effective in neutral, weak acid and weak alkaline mediums while low-molecular inhibitors have caused high inhibition properties only in neutral and weak-acid mediums.
4. By comparison physico-chemical investigations of mechanism of inhibition of corrosion process by inhibitors containing high-molecular components in comparison with low-molccular inhibitors regularity has been determined that in spite of essential differences in mechanisms of their action the coefficient of mutual influence of components, degree of fulfillment of electrode surface and the constant of adsorption equilibrium have the highest values at equimolar ratios of components of inhibitors exceeding in 4 times others ratios in case of inhibitors of polymeric type and in 2 times in case of low molecular inhibitors.
5. It was shown that inhibitors containing polyelectrolytes (which arc surface -active component) have fulfilled role of regulator of rate of electro-precipitating of phosphate-ions on the surface of steel that is to prevent excessive growth of layer of phosphates and to provide it’s uniformity. Than adsorption process has carried out by Lcngmuir with formation of monomolecular nanolayer. In case of low molecular inhibitors different mechanism is realized which is bonded with
constant of distribution of amino compounds between solid and liquied phases on the border of their division.
6. Thermo-dynamical calculations of the effective energy of activation of metals corrosion AGeff, for polymeric and low-molccular inhibitors have shown that high negative values of this parameter have indicated on affcctivity of mixed inhibitors containing in their composition high molecular compounds. Investigations of concentration dependence of AGeff have allowed to determine optimal concentration range of inhibitors.
7. By electrochemical and elcctro-microscopical investigations it was determined that adsorption of aliphatical amines on the surface of steel from liquid phase has carried out considerably slower and is characterized by more reversibility in comparison with adsorption on the ferrum phosphate.
8. Technologies drawing of obtained of anticorrosion covers on the base of GR on procorrosiating surface have been elaborated. It was shown that covers on the base of GR can be used as modificators of rust and priming material for friable rust surfaces: they were tested on industrial objects and also they were introduced in practice of laboratories of AS “Almalik GMC”. For increasing of protection properties of modified layer of rust or for decoration works it is possible to draw lacquer painted surfaces on the any base on the treated surfaces of metals.
9. Physico-chemical parameters of process of electro-chemical corrosion of steel in presence of elaborated inhibitors in dependence on their composition, concentration, pH of medium, temperature were determined. Also optimal conditions providing a maximal protection have been determined. Comparison of inhibitoral ability of elaborated inhibitors has shown that at pH=5-r9 and temperature interval 204-80 °C two-component inhibitors (NaPOj)n-unifloc and Na4P2C>7-gelatin have the best protection properties. Application of elaborated inhibitors of corrosion has decreased chemical and electro-chemical constituting’s of metals corrosion in technological mediums. Effectivity of inhibition has been equaled to 97,63 % at temperature 50 °C owing to formation of continuous passiving films on the surface of metals. At this rate of corrosion of equipment has decreased to normative values. It was shown that protective effect of elaborated inhibitors on the base of waste production and local materials has exceeded to 5% in comparison with importing expensive inhibitors. Elaborated inhibitors were tested and introduced in practics of AO “Navoiazot”.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. According to the data of the World Health Organization, as well as the updated version of the world database on cancer GLOBOCAN 2012 supported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (1ARC), «lung cancer takes the first place both among newly diagnosed malignancies and causes of death from cancer, which is considered an urgent medical and social problem because of the wide prevalence and high mortality rate»1. In 2015, 1.59 million people died from lung cancer. This, at least, is twice more than any other cancer. «In this regard, the number of surgical interventions on the lungs is constantly increasing»2. In spite of considerable achievements and progressive perfection of operative equipment, the indicators of «intraoperative complications after thoracic interferences considerably vary within the limits of 3-30%. and the frequency of postoperative complications as a result of elimination of intraoperative problems varies within the limits of 20-50% depending on nature of pathology and type of intervention», here, the biggest number of complications is registered on the lst-6th day after the operation, that considerably increases the risk of lethal outcome '.
From the first days of independence of our country planned measures were carried out, effective models of healthcare systems were introduced and positive results were achieved on the organization of fundamentally new, high-quality medical aid. In addition, as a result of the carried-out measures, positive effects were achieved in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications after thoracic surgery. «During the last 5 years, there has been a reduction in the frequency of the above complications to 13.6%, and the mortality rate to 2.9%»4.
In the world, the development of modem thoracic surgery, as well as surgery in general, directly depends on the desire to minimize or eliminate perioperative complications regardless of the severity of the clinical status and complexity of operative treatment. An important task is the analysis of the structure and pathogenesis of early postoperative intrapleural complications for the development of the methods of their prophylaxis, algorithm of diagnosis and tactics of surgical treatment. Today, the problems of using minimally invasive methods of diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications remain actual, which stipulates further study of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as requires a comparative analysis of the results of vidcothoracoscopic and traditional interventions at early intrapleural complications. At the same time, the question of intraoperative aero-and hemostasis remain important at vast thoracic interventions. This substantiates the necessity of developing new reasonable and effective methods of local hemostasis. The abovementioned stipulate the relevance of the theme of the dissertation.
As a result of the purposeful organizational and practical measures approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PD-1652 of 28 November 2011 “About the measures on further deepening the reform of the healthcare system”, as well as other normative and legal documents adopted in this area, at the present time, important results have been achieved in the development of medicine, including thoracic surgery, that stipulated high relevance of this research.
The aim of the research is improving the diagnosis and results of surgical treatment of early postoperative intrapleural complications after thoracic operations.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
on the basis of big clinical materials of two leading surgical centres of Russia and Uzbekistan, the results were studied and the effectiveness of different ways of prophylaxis and treatment of intrapleural complications after operations on the lungs and mediastinal organs was evaluated;
for the first time a stratification analysis was conducted on revealing the risk factors of development of intrapleural complications with the determination of their dependence on the etiology of diseases and character of operations allowing to optimize the methodological aspects of surgical tactics and spectrum of specific therapeutic and preventive measures;
it was proven that the application of therapeutic and preventive measures of modem technologies of intraoperative hemostasis, respiratory therapy, as well as individual program of postoperative rehabilitation in the complex allows to reduce significantly (P<0.001) the frequency of postoperative intrapleural purulent-septic and hemorrhagic complications;
the advisability of active surgical tactics and effectiveness of the use of modem minimally invasive endovisual technologies at the development of intrapleural complications were proven;
for the first time, on the basis of experimental and morphological researches, the efficiency of the use of a new domestic hemostatic collagen film “Glilagin” as technology for stopping the parenchymatic bleedings at thoracic surgery was justified;
an optimal therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm was worked out that allows to define the indications for various types of treatment depending on the nature and terms of appeared complications.
Conclusion
1. The retrospective analysis revealed that among various range of interventions on lungs and mediastinal organs the risk of development of postoperative intrapleural complications made 11.7% after the performance of pneumonectomies, 5.8% - after the resection interventions, 6.1% - after the operations on mediastinal organs, 4.3% - after decortication and 7.1% - after the operations for parasitic diseases of the lungs.
2. In the group of factors of the “severity of patients’ conditions”, the risk of development of postoperative intrapleural complications increases from 4.1% to 9.0% at the age of 60 (P<0.001). from 4.1% to 10.1% when purulent-destructive process is present in the lungs (PO.OOl), from 3.1% to 7.5% at the accompanying chronic obstruction of bronchi (P<0.001) or from 3.9% to 5.7% at cardiovascular pathology (P<0.01) and from 3.8% to 10.5% with the involvement of a primary bronchus in the process (P<0.001).
3. The main intraoperative risk factors of augmentation of the frequency of postoperative intrapleural complications are: performance of resection interventions (from 3.4% to 6.9%, P<0.01), duration of operations more than 3 hours (from 3.4% to 7.3%, PO.OOl), intraoperative hemorrhage more than 300 ml (from 4.0% to 8.3%, P<0.001) and technical difficulties of isolating the lung or pathological centre (from 3.5% to 7,1%, P<0.001).
4. In the patients with the pathology of lungs and mediastinal organs, the use of nebulization therapy in a complex of treatment and prophylactic measures and LILI at all the stages of treatment, the intraoperative use of argon plasma coagulation and early connection of the centralized or individual systems of active aspiration allowed to significantly reduce (PO.OOl) the frequency of postoperative intrapleural complications from 4.9% to 2.1%, the frequency of development of postoperative intrapleural bleeding from 1.8% to 1.0% at traditional operations and from 1.0% to 0.3% when performing videothoracoscopic interventions, the frequency of postoperative intrapleural purulent-septic complications from 3.1% to 1.1% (pleura empyema without fistulas from 1.7% to 0.6% and empyema against intrapleural fistulas from 1.4% to 0.5%).
5. Introduction of active surgical tactics of treatment of postoperative intrapleural complications in combination with the use of modern treatment and prophylactic measures allowed to broaden the indications and increase the efficiency of minimally invasive thoracoscopic interventions from 24.0% to 52.0%, decrease the need for conversion from 10.7% to 3.9%, reduce the frequency of postoperative complications from 15.6% to 8.8% and the mortality from 9.3% to 4.9%.
6. Active surgical tactics during the treatment of postoperative intrapleural bleedings made it possible to increase the opportunities for the performance of VTS from 22.7% to 73.2% and increase the efficiency of repeated operations from 92.0% to 97.6% with the reduced frequency of mortality from 8.0% to 2.4%.
7. The developed algorithm of the treatment of postoperative chylothorax allowed to optimize the treatment and prophylactic measures with the inclusion of specific conservative therapy and VTS that caused levelling of the frequency of postoperative complications and need for rethoracotomy with the decrease of terms of stay of patients in hospital.
8. The developed complex of treatment and prophylactic measures allowed to improve the results of treatment of acute postoperative pleural empyema with the decrease of the need for the performance of open rethoracotomy from 18.4% to 3.4%, reduction of the frequency of postoperative complications from 15.8% to 10.3% and mortality from 5.3% to 3.4%.
9. Inclusion of LILI with NT in a complex of treatment of patients with postoperative pleural empyema against intrapleural fistulas, in combination with active surgical tactics allowed to increase the efficiency of performance of repeated minimally invasive interventions from 54.8% to 76.9%, reduce the frequency of postoperative complications and mortality from 17.7% to 11.5%.
10. Morphological researches on the use of the domestic hemostatic collagen film “Glilagin” on the wound surface of the lungs and pleurae in the experimental modelling in the early stages revealed a tendency of a lacunar accumulation of regular blood cells under the surface of the film, followed by the subsequent fragmentation to its full resorption by tissue macrophages and reparation of the lung tissue by 7-9 days.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, there arc 15.6 million opiatedependent persons worldwide, 11.1 million heroin-dependent ones among them27. Today, wide spread of substance abuse and disorders governing by the dependence is one of the most urgent and relevant problems in the society.
In our country social relations in the sphere of drug trafficking, psychopharmaccuticals and precursors arc regulated by law, which aims at opposing their illegal trafficking, promoting health care and national security. The Republic of Uzbekistan Law on “Drugs of abuse and psychopharmaceuticals” guarantees health care promotion for drug and inhalant addicts including examination, counseling, diagnosis, treatment and medical-social rehabilitation.
It should be noted that studis on pathogenetic mechanisms of opium addiction, clinical peculiarities with gender interrelations taken into account, and development of the diffcrcnctiatcd approach to rehabilitation of opium addicts arc set at value in the international studies on the subject. In that context, study on clinical picture of both withdrawal syndrome and post-withdrawal period, comparative clinical-dynamic characterization of morbid attraction for drug in male and female opium addicts, determination of gender peculiarities of opium addiction, assessment of findings of opium addicts’ brain computer tomography and character of ncurocognitive disorders in opium addicts, study on somatic disorders in male and female opium addicts, as well as development of the differentiated approaches to medical-rehabilitation measures with clinical-dynamic peculiarities of the disorder taken into account is the urgent and relevant task. Accordingly, it is the proof for the relevance of the theme.
Objective. The work was initiated to study peculiarities of progression, clinical picture and course of opium addiction with gender differences taken into account and to develop differentiated methods for opium addicts’ rehabilitation.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
prolonged duration of opiate abuse (more than 5 years) both in men and women was proved to be characterized with formation of morpho-structural changes in the brain;
insignificant signs of the atrophy in some parts of brain cortex and the marked atrophic changes in the brain with widened subarachnoid space and lateral ventricular of the brain as well as presence of regions with lower white and grey matter density, deepened fissures and gyri, and reduction in density of white and grey matter were established. The morphological changes arc accompanied with worsening of cognitive functions which relatively preserved in patients with abuse duration under 5 years;
the course of opium addiction in women for the first time was proved to be characterized more frequently with high progressiveness mediated by some factors, such as starting abuse from heroin with the highest narcogenic potential and initial intravenous way of administration;
gender peculiarities of opium withdrawal syndrome in the form of predominance of affective variant in women and the mixed one in men were determined; no significant gender differences during the post-withdrawal period in clinical variant of morbid attraction for drug were found;
the findings from the study arc the evidence for the fact that combination of viral hepatitis C and HIV both in men and women affect clinical manifestations of opium addiction; incidence of HIV and VHC has no close correlation with sex and abuse duration.
Conclusion
1. Biological and social factors preceding addiction play a significant role in mechanisms of opium addiction formation. Inherited burden of addictions is typical of women. Prior to the drugs, most patients have used alcohol as a euphorizing substance, more than half of male examinees used hashish. Significantly greater number of women started using the opiates from heroin, which has the highest addicting potential among opiates. Significantly greater number of women started using heroin intravenously, while men started using opiates per orally. Significantly greater number of women used the drug for the first time in a company of drug-dependent friends of her drug-dependent cohabitant or husband.
2. Conditions of a person’s upbringing, processes of his/her socialization and a system motives incentivizing to the activity based upon a set of his/her needs arising in his/her disease dynamics arc important for formation of psychological-behavioral peculiarities of an individual. Personal deviations in premorbidity,person’s asocial orientation in particular, are the determinants in formation of the “addicted person”. Hysterical features were registered significantly more frequently in women, impulsive (excitable) ones occurred in men more often. Prior to opium addiction’s formation asocial tendencies were registered in significantly greater number of women. Significantly greater number of women was brought up in onc-parcnt families, more frequent conflicts in the family associated with characterological peculiarities of parents were observed in women, too. Prior to the addiction’s formation, more than half of women were nowhere employed, while almost all men worked in various spheres.
3. On the basis of examination of peculiarities in formation, clinical picture, and dynamics of symptoms as well as pronounced mcdical-social consequences of the diseases presence of definite gender differences in terms of formation of addiction and psychopathological symptoms, and severity has been observed. As the results of clinical-statistical analysis demonstrate, all these were determined by various tempo of opium addiction course. Highly progressive type of course is typical of women. Correlation between the type of course and sex was found.
4. The affective variant of opium withdrawal syndrome was seen more typical of women. In post-withdrawal period cmotionally-labile type of morbid attraction for drug was registered more frequently both in women and men. Within this period some reduction of the affective disorders can be seen in women. The degree of pronouncement of the affective disorders during post-withdrawal period starts prevailing in the group of the men examined.
5. As the brain computer tomography findings demonstrated upon opium addiction morpho-structural changes in the brain form to range from insignificant brain atrophy to widened subarachnoid space and lateral ventricular of the brain as well as presence of regions with lower white and grey matter density. These changes were less pronounced in patients with the disease duration less than 5 years than in those with the opiate use duration more than 5 years.
6. Significant (p=0,02) differences in the cognitive sphere between patients with the disease duration less than 5 years and those with the disease duration ranging from 6 to < 10 year were found. When comparing parameters in patients with longer disease duration we could see reduction in number of correctly performed intellectual tasks within definite period of time.
7. Among patients with the verified VHC three variants of opium postwithdrawal syndrome were equally registered. In the male patients with VHC+HIV the mixed OAS was observed more typical, while all variants of OAS were registered in the female ones. The mixed OAS was registered more frequently in the male patients having no somatic pathology. Among women having no somatic pathology affective type of OAS was more typical.
8. Highly pronounced morbid attraction for drugs could be seen during the whole period of hospitalization in patients with the verified VHC and HIV. Before the discharge in this category of men and women the moderate attraction preserved but was not observed in patients with the verified VHC and those without somatic pathology.
9. There arc additional risk factors determining involvement of women in addiction, to name, younger age (under 20-25 years), European nationality, employment in the consumer services, disharmonic bringing up in the family and conflict relationships with the siblings, conflict relationships in their own family, cohabiting with drug-dependent partner (husband/cohabitant), difficulties in overcoming life crises and social adaptation. In this connection the differentiated medical-rehabilitation measures with clinical-dynamic peculiarities of the disease and gender differences taken into account were developed.

Topicality and demand of dissertation subject. Despite medical and organizational advances in pediatrics the problem of diagnostics and treatment of sepsis in children remains important throughout the world.
Sepsis in children occurs with significant impairment of cellular, intercellular and humoral links of immunity. This leads to prolonged and uncontrollable pathological immune cell apoptosis and disruption of proliferation, and thereby causes the development of profound immunosuppression. This process is clinically manifested by chronicity or dissemination of the infection, the accession of nosocomial microflora, impaired reparative processes, severe endotoxemia and formation of late multi-organ failure, all of which determines the fatal outcome in the later stages of sepsis.
In the literature there are few reports about the possibility of studying these mechanisms in surgical sepsis in adults. Poor outcome was noted at increase of IL6 ratio and decline in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL 10. On the other hand, it was found that genetically determined deficiency of IL6 is accompanied with immunodeficiency state (IDS) and the inability to immunological response to various pathogens.
Not all issues have been resolved in terms of approaches in the treatment of sepsis in children. The problem of standardized diagnosis of sepsis in infants in the presence of infection (suspected or proved) and early etiological diagnosis (including express diagnosis) for sepsis is very relevant. The mechanisms of intersystem regulation of immunity in sepsis in children of early age, which severity of disorders affect the clinical course and prognosis of the disease have not been studied.
The problem of diagnostics and treatment of sepsis in early age children is highly complex due to age peculiarities of functioning of different systems, including the immune system.
Search of diagnostic criteria of infectious process generalization and the prediction of the clinical course of sepsis in infants, as well as the development of methods of treatment and evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy remains an important issue.
Existing methods of etiological diagnosis of sepsis are uninformative, economically costly and take a long time to get the result. According to our studies, despite the dissemination of patient’s body with sepsis, cultures from foci of infection accounts for just 20% of seeding of microorganisms, making it difficult to choose the correct tactics of treatment for such patients. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new express methods in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in children that determines the relevance of our research.
This thesis will contribute to some extent for the tasks defined in the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-2133 dated from February 19, 2014, “About the state program “Year of healthy child””.
The purpose of research was to identify patterns of intrasystem regulation of immunity that determine the clinical course, prognosis, and outcomes of sepsis in early age children.
The scientific novelty of dissertation is as follows:
There was developed the method for determination of spontaneous and specific lymphotoxins to ten causal agents of sepsis and on the basis of determination of their ratio were identified three variants of mediator imbalance of the immune system.
There was established the dependence of the immune system state on the variants of mediator imbalance, which determine clinical course and outcome of the disease in early age children with sepsis.
There was proved diagnostic value of determination of lymphotoxins in assessing the effectiveness of treatment for sepsis in early age children, allowing using this method for preparation of individual programs of treatment.
There were developed differentiated pathogcnctically justified treatment regimens, based on identification of mediator imbalance and aimed at correcting parameters of the immune system using objective methods of assessment and prediction of the effectiveness in dynamics of the treatment for sepsis in infants.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Three clinical-laboratory variants of mediator imbalance in the immune system, which differ by features of clinical course and outcomes of the disease, were established. The first variant was marked in 19.1%, the second one in 41.7%, and the third variant was noted in 39% of cases.
2. The clinical course of sepsis in infants is accompanied by marked changes in cellular and humoral immunity and depends on the initial state of mediator imbalance. The most pronounced changes of immunological parameters were observed in children with the first variant of mediator imbalance.
3. Comparison of different methods of laboratory determination of etiologic agent, used in the diagnosis of sepsis (bacterial, determination of lymphotoxins and IHAR method), revealed high degree of sensitivity of IHAR method with determination of antibody titers to the most frequent causative agents of sepsis (Sp 97.8%) and specificity of methods for determination of lymphotoxins (Sp 76,3%) and IHAR (Sp 75%).
4. The diagnostic value of immunological methods of diagnosis (determination of LT and IHAR) was established, testifying to that lymphotoxins and antibodies titers to the causative agents of sepsis can be produced not only in the period of disease recurrence, but in the period of clinical recovery of the patient. The results can be used in evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment for sepsis and creating individual programs for further treatment.
5. The clinical course of sepsis in infants depends on the initial state of mediator imbalance of the immune system. Creation of a mathematical model to determine the clinical manifestations of sepsis, which arc characteristic for each of the identified three variants of mediator imbalance, showed that the first variant was characterized by skin marbling - is evidence of CNS impairment and carditis. The risk of clinical manifestations such as liver damage in the form of secondary infectious-toxic hepatitis or liver abscess and enterocolitis in the second variant was high. For the third variant such sign as subfebrile fever had the highest odds ratio of being in that group, as well as liver lesion and carditis had a relatively low chance to being in that group.
6. Creation of mathematical model with inclusion of a wide range of investigated clinical-laboratory parameters revealed dependence of odds ratios of lesions of various organs and systems on the baseline parameters and variant of mediator imbalance in sepsis in early age children. Only in the first variant were observed meningoencephalitis and/or brain abscess (5.5%), convulsions (44.5%), high rate of secondary manifestations of infectious-toxic encephalopathy (33.4%), whereas in the second variant it was 5% and in the third variant was 5.8%; severe toxicosis was in 88.9%; 70% and 35.2% and carditis in 100%; 50% and 10%, respectively.
7. Inhibition of production of inflammatory mediators in the absence of positive dynamics of clinical manifestations indicates chronicity or dissemination of infection, violation of reparation process, formation of polyorgan failure.
8. High frequency of concomitant gram-positive and gram-negative etiologies of sepsis (90.5%; 72.3%; 37.9%, respectively to variants), contributing to induced apoptosis and, in some cases, necrosis of cells-immunocytes (increase of the levels of markers of activation and apoptosis of lymphocytes; death and chromosomes aberrations of lymphocytes) is the basis for rapid development of systemic inflammation and inhibition of mediators production. This determines development of profound immunodepression and subsequent damaging effects on various body systems.
9. Determination of dynamics of TNF-a index is the most reliable method of predicting severity and outcome of sepsis in infants. It was found that with each unit increase in TNF-a probability of favorable outcome of the disease is increased in 2.5 times, and its reduction increases the chance of poor course and outcome.
10. Inclusion of differentiated treatment regimens with polyoxidonium in the complex therapy, depending on mediator imbalance of the immune system, had positive impact on the clinical course and outcome of sepsis in infants. Polyoxidonium had immunomodulatory effect on parameters of cellular, humoral and intracellular immunity after one course of treatment at third variant, and after two courses of treatment at first and second variants.

Validity and relevance of the dissertation subject. Over the last decade, there has been a steady growth in frequency of periampullary tumors (PAT). Seamless anatomical and functional interconnection of the head of pancreas, the terminal part of choledoch, major duodenal papilla and duodenum as well as one of the most common clinical manifestations of tumor lesions - mechanical jaundice (MJ), allows the reason to combine those tumors into «periampullary» conception. It should be noted that the average life expectancy of patients with tumors of the head of the pancreas after onset of symptoms is 6-8 months. At the same time, about 30% of patients die within 2-3 months after established diagnosis and only 1% of them succeed to live up to 5 years. On contemporary data, with early diagnosis and radical surgical treatment the five-year survival rate increases to 18%. It should be noted that up to date the diagnosis and treatment of PAT is an actual problem of modem surgery and oncology. Thus, the diagnostic search is often complicated by the MJ, while conduction of diagnostic invasive procedures often exacerbates the underlying disease.
The basic method of PAT treatment is surgical operation. However, most of the outcomes arc unsatisfactory, which is reflected in poor remote results. Therefore, during the first year after radical treatment, 30-40% of patients die from disease progression. Thrcc-and five-year survival rate can be observed only in part of patients with stage I-II disease. The median survival rate of patients, according to American data, is 4.1 months, five years survival is achieved less than in 5% of cases. The mortality to incidence ratio, according to WHO data, is equal to 0.99. Resection of the pancreas is technically and organizationally complicated operation, while its safely performance requires not only a trained and skilled surgeon, but also high flexibility of the medical care institution. Despite the fact that in recent years the postoperative mortality decreased to 5-20%, there is still a high level of postoperative complications, reaching 40-70%.
This research work was done to fulfill the objectives assigned by the State Programs, including «About measures on further intensification of health care system» program approved be Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan! OP №1652 dd. 28 November 2011 and the «About measures on furtner strengthening of material and technical basis and improvement of organization of medical institution activity » program approved be Decree of the Cabinet of the Ministry of the republic of Uzbekistan bu №91 dd. 29 March 2012 (Chapter V, item 15).
The purpose of the study to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with periampullary tumors complicated by mechanical jaundice.
The scientific novelty of the dissertation is as follows:
diagnostic criteria have been identified in patients during diagnostic laparoscopy, which allowed to clarify stage of disease, prevalence of tumorous process and perform the proper treatment method;
based on the research, developed and refined criteria for prediction of portability of radical operations with periampullary tumors complicated with obstructive jaundice; defined Influence of prognostic factors on outcome of surgical patients with PAT, complicated by MJ;
developed the way of prevention of pancrcatodigestive anastomosis dehiscence in gastropancrcatoduodcnal resection;
the comparative estimation of the effectiveness of various methods of treatment: retrograde, antegrade transhepatic interventions, palliative and radical operations. Explored the factors that increase the effectiveness of the proposed therapies developed clinical guidelines for optimizing treatment of patients with PAT, complicated by MJ;
standardized criteria in determining ways of bile diversion in periampullary tumors, complicated mechanical jaundice, depending on the level of the block, duration of jaundice and the functional state of the organism;
explained role of MRCP in the diagnosis and planning of decompressing methods in bile diversion system in patients with periampullary tumors, complicated with MJ.
CONCLUSION
1. Diagnostics of PAT complicated with MJ should be based on the integrated use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods. Using USI on pancrcaticobiliary zone with MRPChG allows defining the anatomic structure of BED, tumor block level and choosing the best way to decompress the bileexcreting system, but MSCTA allows defining resectability of tumorous process.
2. An improved algorithm of diagnosis and treatment of patients with PAT, complicated with MF, allows speeding up the diagnostic search, choosing an adequate way of decompressing BED, to improve results of surgical treatment for 88.5% and to reduce quantity of diagnostic laparotomies from 8% to 0.6%.
3. An improved approach in choosing the bile evacuation method depending on the level of BED block, duration of jaundice and type of anticipated final treatment of MJ resulting from PAT, allows to reduce the frequency of complications after PCTHChS from 13% to 6%, after endoscopic stenting of BED from 12.4% to 2.7%, and mortality from 2% to 0%.
4. Application of diagnostic laparoscopy to determine feasibility of surgical treatment of PAT, complicated with MF, allowed to perform GPDR in 16.7% of cases, apply palliative anastomoses in in 16.7%, and to avoid any surgical intervention in 66.7%.
5. Developed integrated assessment program of tolerability of radical operations for PAT, complicated with MF, based on identifying prognostic factors has made it possible to calculate the risk of specific complications and choose the way of definitive surgical treatment.
6. The developed method of external drainage of the main pancreatic duct with GPDR enables you to prevent pancreatic juice flow into the PDA area, carry out sanitization of pancreatic duct system, determine the debit of pancreatic juice, its qualitative contents and predict the risk of PF.
7. Double-staged PCTHChS technique allows reducing the period for internal BED drainage from 10.2±3.6 to 8.2±3.3 days and reducing the number of specific complications from 13 to 6%. Endoscopic BED stenting is an effective method of decompression. Efficiency increases in the absence of purulent cholangitis, expressed biliary hypertension and the technical capabilities of cannulation of BDS. Execution of palliative anastomoses is preferable with non-resectablc PAT, with projected lifetime of the patient more than 6 months. Performing GPDR, taking into account the knowledge of prognostic factors and intraoperative data can reduce the number of post-operative complications from 61 to 15.4%.

Revelance and demand for dissertation subject. The malformations of the colon development occupy one of the leading places in the structure of the gastrointestinal tract pathology in the adults. Hirschprung’s disease is on the special place, which seems to be one of the mostly distributed anomalies of this organ development. Hischprung’s disease is a disturbance connected with congenital malformations of the intestinal nervous system development with segmentary hypo- or aganglyosis of the large intestine. The traditional therapy includes resection of the impaired part of the colon, however the full functional improvement was not achieved. In the overwhelming majority of the patients the Hirschprung’s disease is diagnosed and operated at the childhood. The part of patients with latent progressing of disease due to variability of clinical course may achieve the adult age, sometimes without suggesting about their disease. In these cases the disease may develop for a long time without clinical manifestations, the constipations arc periodic and unstable, and arc easily treated with use of cleansing enemas. The first referral to the doctor of these patients is usually induced by decompensation of the colon function requiring of the urgent operative treatment.
In the adults this disease is rare and difficult for diagnosis of the cause of refractory constipation.The congenital character of disease explain, mainly, its relation to the sphere of the activity of children’s therapeutic institutions. Due to researches of the children’s surgeons some questions of diagnosis and treatment of this anomaly have been already resolved. There has been confirmed obligatory removal not only of the dilated part of the colon but also located distally of the aganglionar zone which is a cause of mcgacolon development. There arc supposed various methods of the surgical operations and their modifications directed to the resolution of this task. Information about clinical picture, diagnosis and surgical tactics were presented only as facts without analysis because of insufficient clinical observations. Besides, there were not precised preoperative preparation and rehabilitation of these patients. It is known that postoperative complications result in unfavorable results of treatment in 19-30 % of cases, and in 13% of patients there is arisen necessity in repeated reconstructive interventions.
The questions of prcopcrative preparation and operative strategy at subcompensated and decompensated stages of Hirschprung disease in the adults have not been resolved. There was absent consent in the opinions for choice of method of radical correction of the anomaly with regard to the clinical stage, anatomic form and age of patient. There has not been determined interrelation between clinical manifestations of the Hirschprung’s disease and degree of morphological changes in the colon’s wall, appearing in this anomaly in the adult patients. Thus, the absence of publications about clinical course of Hirschprung’s disease at adults in relation to dependence on structural changes in the colon wall based on the analysis of the sufficient number of the patients, diagnostic criteria, required for identification of disease and surgical technique, used at various expressions of anomaly, as well as frequent complications and functional disorders in the postoperative period show actuality of this problem.
The research corresponds to implementation of tasks including to President of Uzbekistan Decree « About measures on futher intensification of health care system» dated by the 28th of November, 2011 PP-1652; Decree of Cabinet of ministries of the republic of Uzbekistan « About measures on futher strengthening of material and technical basis and improvement of organization of medical instutions activity» №91 dated by the 29of March, 2012.
Goal of investigation to improve methods of diagnosis and results of the surgical treatment of Hirschprung’s disease in the adults with use of peritoneal-anal resection of the rectum with pull-through of the functioning parts of the colon into the anal canal.
Scientific novelty of insetigation:
there have been determined clinical features of the Hirschprung’s disease in the adults;
the designed algorithm diagnostic action, allowing conduct the differential diagnostics a Hirschprung’s disease in adults with the other variant mcgacolon;
It is designed and introduced new modification peritoneal -anal resection of the rectum at Hirschprung’s disease in adults, is organized complex comparative estimation hcr(its) direct and remote functional result with the other types surgical interference;
for the first time on the grounds of there result of histological and endoscopic of the studies, data clinic-X-ray excamination of the diagnostics standardized indications (one-stage and multistage) and condition for performing peritoneal -anal resection of the rectum with voiding, is advanced complex action on preventive maintenance of the postoperative complications and relapse of the disease.
the optimized tactics of the surgical treatment Hirschprung’s disease in adults depending on clinical manifestations of the disease, with provision for extent mcgacolon, intocsication, gravity of the general condition, visual estimation quality preparation to operations of the large intestine and efficiency called on before operative conservative action.
CONCLUSION
1. For Hirschprung’s disease in adult characteristic of prevalence distal forms of the disease (80%), clinical current, presence in anamnezis frequentative operation (12,2%) on cause of the intestine impassability. Before 14-ycar age 14,6% sick have carried the different planned noradicalis to operations. Dominated the patients male flap (the correlation 2,4/1).
2. The Designed algorithm of the diagnostics disease Hirschprung’s beside adult allows it is correct to install the diagnosis and choose the method operative interference. Irrigoskopiya is a main method of the diagnostics disease Hirschprung’s beside adult (onanal form is revcallcd in 87,8%, rectum in 12,2%). The biopsy on Swenson in all 50 observations has confirmed the diagnosis (aganglioz -6%, hypoganglioz - 94%).
3. One-step radical surgical intervention treatment is executed in both group patient in 85,3 %. The Evidences to much-step to treatment are: of the preparation to the operation on the large intestine, presence coprolitis, progressing dccopcnsion large intestine with sign of the intestine impassability, deterioration of the general condition of the patient. The First stage must be directed on liquidation of the intestine impassability, mcgakolon and zones hipo- or aganglioz. After recovering the functions of the large intestine and improvements of the general condition sick restore intestine continuity.
4. Performance of peritoneal-anal resection of the rectum with voiding functionning proximal parts of the large intestine division in anal channel simplifies the technology to operations in contrast with method Duhamel and avoids the zone hipo- or agangliozis.
5. Expressed clinical manifestations arc conditioned that that adult activ ganglioz as contrasted with aganglioz. Hirschprung’s nervious filaments, increase the number of the endocrine hutches cript, as well as muscular structures provide, in determined to measure, compensation broken function thick and rectum typical of Hirschprung’s disease in adults. The known that in complex manifestations compensator processes of the organism, under different type of pathology, stage to compensations, first or last, is replaced the stage an decompensation.
6. Performance of peritoneal-anal resection of the rectum with pulling through of functioning proximal parts of the large intestine into anal canal simplifies technique of operation at Hirschprung’s disease and in the greater degree meet the requirement of radicalism, than method of Duhamel.
7. The offered method of peritoneal-anal resection of the rectum with pulling through in modification had advances in comparison with method of Duhamel: in the patients operated by the first method such postoperative complications as abscess of the small pelvis cavity, necrosis and retraction of the pulling through intestine, peritonitis occurred in 1,8; 1,5; and 1,2 times less often, respectively, than after operation of Duhamel.
8. The developed modification of the peritoneal-anal resection of the rectum with pulling through improves results of treatment of the patients with Hirschprung’s disease and allows to achieve good (85 %) and satisfactory (11 %) results. The unsatisfactory outcome of operation after peritoneal-anal resection of the rectum with pulling through was in 4 % of the patients. Economical effect of the proposed method of operation is expressed in shortening of the hospitalization period by 4 days, that 1,4 times decreases the cost of treatment.
9. The peritoneal-anal resection of the rectum with pulling through allows restoration of the activity of closing apparatus of the rectum which expresses in the index of sphincterotomy before operation at arrest - 26,9±2,26 mA, and at strait - 62,2 ± 1,26 mA; after operation - 24,8±2,54 and 58,8±2,10 mA (p < 0,005), respectively. The finding of electromyography: before operation - 0,517±0,07 mV; at a strait -l,43±0,14mV; after operation - 0,679±0.08 mV and l,778±0,1 mV, respectively.
10. The Remote functional results of the treatment (through 12-24 months) turned out to be greatly better in the main group in contrast with operation Duhamel: observations incotincnction on scale Wexner was in 3,3 times less ( 7,7% and 25, 7% accordingly); the physiological volume of the imperative urge to defecation was above on 45 ml, differentiated urge to defecation had 82,5 % patient in the main and 75% in checking group.

Topicality' and demand of the subject of dissertation. In agriculture all over the world is more than one third of the total employed population. In European countries, 10-20%, in the countries of Latin America, the Middle East and the CIS agricultural works about 20-30% of the employed population. According to WHO data, each year due to the action of pesticides in the world comes from 500 thousand to 2 million accidents, of which 10 to 40 thousand - with fatal. In a number of countries around the world the problem of preserving the health of the working population in contact with pesticides in various sectors of agriculture is not only one of the major issues in human ecology, but also the main problem in health system. In developing countries, cases of poisoning are registered where poorly educated or not educated agricultural workers who do not have any knowledge of their dangers and how to use pesticides. The risk of pesticide poisoning in the areas with their intensive use - more than 1 on 1 thousand people.
Taking into account, that the chemical crop protection products - pesticides in agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan are applied basically in the hot period of year (June - August), the development of safety using conditions for human of chemical substances in agriculture at high air temperature is necessary. Researches on studying of many aspects of the mechanism of biological effect of modern pesticides, including such as decis, karate, cypcrmethrin, can't be considered as exhaustive. In particular, pathogenetic measures of prevention, treatment and early diagnosis of intoxications by these pesticides in the conditions of high air temperature aren't developed at all. The performance of complex biochemical researches on study of the combined influence on the body of pesticides in combination with high air temperature will allow to estimate necessity in carrying out for these conditions of pathogenic prevention, treatment of intoxications and acceleration of adaptation-accommodation processes in the body, as well as development of the coefficients and corrections to MAC of the used pesticides. Development of pathogenically confirmed specific preventive and therapeutic measures in intoxication by modern pesticides under the conditions of high air temperature has not only medical and social significance.
This dissertation work will promote a solution of the tasks defined in Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan "About protection of the atmospheric air", "About protection of public health", "About quality and safety of foodstuff" for the purpose of ensuring sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing of the population.
The purpose of research is detection of the main regularities of pesticides influence of pyrethroids group on the body in the conditions of optimal and high air temperature, development of the methods of pathogenic prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of intoxications by using the complex of biological active substances and establishment of necessary corrections to hygienic regulations of pesticides use in the conditions of high air temperature.
The scientific novelty of dissertation is as follows results which were received:
it has been established, the diagnostic importance of definition of the mechanism of biological processes at associated exposure of pyrethroids pesticides and a temperature factor at the molecular, cellular, subcellular, tissue and organ levels, it has been defined the disorders in cellular organelles of a liver and a small intestine;
it has been ascertained the interrelation of effect mechanisms of pyrethroids pesticides and high air temperature, degree of a discoordination of the metabolic processes in an organism depending on a type of pesticides and a temperature factor;
it has been proved that thanks to a complex of the biochemical tests, interrelations and interdetermination of metabolic shifts at effect of a pyrethroids pesticides group and the high air temperature for the first time revealed, it has been noted an acceleration and a strengthening of the processes, methods of pesticides deactivation;
it has been developed the new methods of diagnostics of initial manifestations of the combined influence of high air temperature and pesticides on an organism;
it has been developed the methods of deactivation of pesticides, pathogenetic prevention and treatment of poisonings with pesticides by regulation of metabolic processes are developed.
THE CONCLUSION
1. The application of pesticides-pyrethroids in the agriculture of Uzbekistan creates severe enough working conditions : the concentration of pyrethroids in the air at basic workplaces increased 3-15 times than limited allowable concentrations (LAC), and temperature of air during treatment reaches 37-41°C.
2. In the persons engaged in treatment of the cotton plants there were revealed complaints 1,5-5 times more often than in control group (without contacts with pesticides) showing the functional disorders in the organs of digestive system and the central nervous system.
3. The blood biochemical examinations in practically healthy persons performing treatment of the growing cotton with pesticides -pyrethroids allows identification in their body lowering of the velocity of oxidative-recovering processes and increase in processes of glycolisis: in 50% of studied persons there was revealed reduction of the enzymatic activity of the cyclic tricarbonic acids, reduction in the blood content of glucose and almost 2-fold increase in concentration of pyruvic acid.
4. While effect of pesticides-pyrethroids on the organism of experimental animals under the conditions of high temperature of the ambient air(38°C) their toxicity is acutely increased: the value of LD5() of pyrethroids decis and carate reduced 1,9 times, cipermethrin - 1,6 times.
5. At the acute effect on the experimental animal (single administration of 3/4 LD50) of the pesticides-pyrethroids (decis, carate, cipermethrin) during 48 hours at temperature 22°C there is observed reliable reduction in activity of digestive enzymes recovering to the control level only on the 7th day. The multiple effect of pyrethroids (in dose 1/20 LD50) activity of digestive enzymes also reduces with deepening of the process during increase in length of treatment. The associated exposure of pyrethroids and high temperature of ambient air (38°C) aggravate process of inactivation of the intestinal enzymes (to 60-80% from the control values).
6. Pesticides-pyrethroids at the acute poisoning damage of carbohydrate-energy metabolism in the body of experimental animals, that expressed by increase in contents of the lactic and particularly pyruvic acid in the biomedia; these processes developed on the basis of reliable reduction (by 1,3-1,6 times) of the activity of oxidative-compensatory enzymes (GDG, SDG,MDG). In contrast to the other parameters the raise of temperature of air had no significant effect on them.
At chronic exposure to the pyrethroids (in dose 1/20 LD50) in the biomedia (particularly in the liver) there was noted mainly increase in contents of pyruvic acid; and the more marked effect was noted in cipermethrin. Increase in concentration of pyruvic acid in all variants of experiments allows recommendation of its identification as diagnostic test in diagnosis of the pathological processes.
7. Both in acute and in chronic effects of pesticides-pyrethroids at optimal and high temperature of air there were revealed significant disorders of the parameters of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in the body of experimental animals. In this case the velocity of oxidation of the substrates in the various metabolic states significantly reduces as well as the proportion ADP/O in the chronic experiment (0,9-1,4 in control l,9±0,l) also reduces. It allows to consider that the tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation at the poisoning with pyrethroids appeared to be more sensitive to their effect.
8. The most significant changes in the body of experimental animal at study of mechanism of biological effect of pyrethroid were revealed at the state of nitrogenous metabolism and exchange of nucleic acids: in chronic effect of decis (1/20 LD50) there is noted significant (by 42-74%) reduction in the biomedia of activity of transaminases (histidine, thyrosine, phenylalanin), that indicates about deep damage of pereaminiration; on this basis the contents in the biosubstrates of protein, DNA and RNA reduce acutely (in the liver homogenate to 62-77% from control). At the associated effect of decis and high temperature of air these changes significantly increased.
The results obtained allow suggest identification of DNA and RNA in the biomedia as sensitive indicator of the protein-synthetizing function.
9. Gain the biological effect of the combined impact of pyrethroids and increased of temperature of air allows to conclude that in developing the MPC pyrethroids in these conditions is necessary to introduce a correction coefficient on the level: for the pesticide decis - 1,69; Karate - 1,82; cypermethrin - 1,51. At high air temperature are recommended the MPC, accordingly, 0,3 mg/m', 0,054 mg / m’ and 0,12 mg/m3.
10. For correction of the metabolic disorders, occurring in the body under effect of pesticides-pyrethroids it is required effect on the carbohydrate, energy and protein metabolism. The appropriate properties are characteristic for complex BAS, including calcium pangamat, potassium orotate, lypoic acid, broth of dogrose and licorice root; under the conditions of experiment this complex reduces by 38-47% toxicity of pyrethroids, activates to the levels of control of dehydrogenase (GDG, SDG, MDG), normalizes parameter ADP/O, increases activity of transaminases, protein synthesis and contents in the tissue homogenates RNA and DNA.
11. The persons with chronic intoxication due to pesticide effects have a lot of complaints showing disorders in the nervous system and organs of digestive system; results of biochemical investigations of blood in these patients indicated about disturbance of carbohydrate and protein metabolism and correspond to data, obtained during evaluation of the effects of pyrethroids under the conditions of experiment. The symptomatic treatment of these patients in the hospital has no specific direction, so doesn’t result in expected normalization of biochemical parameters. The use during the process of treatment of the tested in the experiment of complex BAS reduces the contents of pyruvic and lactic acids in the blood of patients, increases in activity of the enzymes of cyclic tricarbonic acids, that allows to consider BAS as important addition to the symptomatic treatment in chronic poisonings with pesticides.

Actuality and importance of the topic of dissertation. Cotton is cultivated in territories of more than 80 countries of the world and has an essential value in economy of the USA, India, China, Brazil, Pakistan, Egypt, Uzbekistan and other countries. During the evolution about 1500 kinds of animals’ arthropods have adapted to cotton. The general losses of cotton crop due to arthropods’ damages arc more than 19 %.
Introduction of cotton growing method under a film let to notice changes in the development of harmful organisms (pests, diseases and weeds). In this case, it is necessary to study an interconnection of organisms in the new developed ecological conditions. In view of artificial creation of a microclimate under a film, the processes of shoots diseases by rot, gummosis etc can proceed on special ways. And consequently it is required to study these processes and to introduce corrective amendments into the system of plants protection. Value of agrorcccptions in cotton wilt development is great. And, hence, it is necessary to study and clear up the method at double decrease of cultivations and waterings quantity that has indispensable value for wilt development.
Developments of herbicidal protection of crops with reference to a method of cotton growing under a film arc necessary. Because of early occurrence of shoots, entomoccnosis is formed earlier on sites where the new method is used. And so, development of establishment of terms of occurrence and injuriousness of both harmful and useful kinds of entomoccnosis and methods to allow to keep and multiply useful entomoccnosis with smaller expenses and to reduce to a minimum the crop losses arc necessary.
In Uzbekistan two basic schemes of cotton plant cultivation with rowspacings of 60 and 90 cm arc accepted. Hence, it is required to state an entomo-logic and phytopathologic estimation of cotton crops with various placing of plants in row-spacings and density of crops.
In connection with the above-stated, there was a problem on entering of amendments into the existing integrated system of cotton protection at various ways and schemes of plants placing. This dissertation is directed on fulfillment of decrees of the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On protection of agricultural plants against pests, diseases and weeds” and also regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on March, 29, 2004 under #148 - “On improvement of plant protection service and ways of increasing their effectiveness”.
The purpose of the research. Improvement of integrated system of cotton protection sown by different methods (different chcmes and plants density of standing, introduction of a new method - “cotton - grain crops” and also method of cotton sowing under a film with consideration of possible bioccnological, phytopathological and hcrbological changes. For fulfillment of these goals the following tasks were put:
entomological, phytopathological and hcrbological estimation of a new chcmc of "cotton-grain crops" rotation on the base of changes to occure at their agrobiocenosis;
to study development of cutworms, cotton worm, aphids, thrips, spider mites and other insect pests and bcneficials on crops sown using various designs and plant density;
to establish a difference of infection with root rots, gummosis, wilt, and also diseases of bolls and fiber rots on crops with different designs and plant density;
to establish a difference in infection and infestation of under film parts of cotton seedlings (root rots, cutworms, weeds) of early seedlings obtained at the methof of cotton sowing under a film;
development of pests at over film parts, establishment of phenograms and injuriosness of kinds and also the ways of their control;
to study development at dynamics of useful insects and alteration of biological control structure on cotton crops sown by different methods;
improvement of means and methods of cotton seedlings’ diseases, pests and weeds control;
to study development at dynamics of useful insects and alteration of biological control structure on cotton crops sown by different methods;
improvement of means and methods of cotton seedlings’ diseases, pests and weeds control;
to establish sharp and remaining toxicity of effects of defoliation and defoliants used at early terms on mulched crops against harmful objects;
to make agrotoxilogical investigations for revealing the perspective insecticides and acaricides against main pests of cotton plant;
to estimate quality efficacy of raw cotton obtained at sowing by different ways;
to estimate both farm and economical efficacy of different ways of cotton sowing and its protection;
to carry in changes into the structure of existing system of plant protection at sowing by different designs and densities of plants standing.
Scientific novelty of work. For the first time both entomological and microbiological changes (from the point of phytopathology) occurring in agricultural biocoenosis of fields where the crop rotation “cotton-grain crops” is used for many years, were determined;
differences in infection I infestation of plants by diseases and pests were revealed on fields with various sowing schemes and plant density;
estimated effectiveness of Stomp herbicide (2,0 1/ha) for weed control at the methof of cotton sowing under a film;
it is established that cotton sowing under a plastic film leads to early appearing and early development of pests; in particular, cotton worms develop longer and give 3 generations for a season;
determined the positive estimation of defoliation carried out for 20-25 days earlier against common dates on harmful entomofauna, in particular, on aphids and cotton boll worms.
CONCLUSION
1. Absence of fall ploughing in conditions of wheat sown in autumn on the cotton field and next growing of intermediate (stubble) crops like com allows the pests of agricultural crops not only to overwinter safely, but also to increase their density. In particular, density of cutworms increases by 79,6%, aphids - by 9% and spider mites - by 25%; the flight of cotton bollworms’ butterflies increases by 45%, and number of their eggs and larvae increases by 2-3 times.
2. Density of entomophages on cotton fields grown after different previous crops has varied. So, density of coccincllids (7-spottcd ladybirds, stetorus) and s lacewings was higher on cotton fields included in “cotton-grain crops” rotation system; that of mitivorous thrips did not change. On plots with crop rotation the plants were more diseased by root rot (24,8-29,3%), by wilt (11,4-21,8%), but less by gummosis (15,4-8,8%).
3. The following results of plants infection by various pest organisms, and also of cotton productivity have been received.
3.1.On crops with 60 cm raw-spasings the plants arc more frequently infected than at 90 cm raw-spasings :with root rots (by 5,2-9,6%), gummosis (by 6-6,2%) and wilt (by 32-21%). By the autumn the numbers of infected bolls and fiber have also increased. Increase of plants density caused increase of infected plants with root rot (6,9-2,5%), but decrease of infected plants by gummosis (4,9-9,1%). The plants with 60 cm raw-spasings arc infected with wilt more frequently (5,6-11,8%), than at 90 cm ("Andijan-36" variety); at more densely sown cotton the number of plants infected by wilt decreases (by 11,6-6,9%). The numbers of infected bolls and fiber on plants with 60 cm row-spacings and also on dense sowings have increased as well.
3.2. On plants with 60 cm raw-spasings infestation with aphids was less(17,l-22,5%) and their density has decreased by 7-8% than at 90 cm raw-spacings.
Width of row-spacings has not affected development of thrips, but infestation has increased with increase of plants density. Numbers of spider mites were higher on plans with smaller raw-spacings (60 cm) and their density was higher by 31,7-149,8%. Development of cutworms did not differ on cotton crops with different sowing schemes and plant density, but their negative effects on yield have decreased with increase of plants density. Infestation of plants with cotton bollworms was more severe (78-48,5 %) and the density of its larvae was higher (14,7-27,7) on plants with with 60 cm row-spacings. With increase of plants density the number of larvae per 100 plants has decreased (in average by 8% in 60 cm and by 16,4% in 90 cm raw-spacings), but the number of populated plants has increased (16,0% at 60 cm and 37,5% in 90 cm raw-spacings). Therefore, on fields with density of plants more than 1,5 times, ET criterion is to be equal to 7-8 larvae of younger instars instead of 10-12 ones.
3.3. The microclimate created on a surface and around plants at different sowing schemes and plant density affects the diseases and development of plants. So, plants grown on 90 cm raw-spasings have increased dry weight by 9,2-11,6%, and the ratio of stalks to cotton was 1:0,29-0,39 and it raises with increase of plants density; thus the yield of each cotton boll was more by 0,2-0,3 g. The plants sown on wider row-spacings have produced higher yields by 9,8-10,1% (3,3-3,6 c/ha), and an increase in plants density led to increase of yield by 3,0-4,0 c/ha; the first harvest provided higher amount of raw-cotton by 9,6-8,9%. But at the same time, the quality of a fiber produced at very dense crops (157 - 159 thousand plants/ha) was the worst.
From the above-stated it is possible to conclude that the most optimum cotton sowing design on meadow-grey soils was 90x8-1 (with a real density 130 000 plants/ha) and row-spacing 90 cm. These treatments have provided with the highest economic efficacy and profitability. This scheme of sowing and plants standing density arc recommended into production.
4. Occurrence of weeds at different sowing methods did not differ. Futher development of weeds (in May-June) depends on on temperature and humidity of air. Up to 31-72% and 30,5-75% of weeds were killed under the transparent and black films respectively. As weather prediction is not available and/or not cnouph reliable, it is necessary to apply pre-sowing soil herbicides on crops with MCSUF. The experiments substantiated a possibility of pre-sowing use of herbicide Stomp (2 1/ha) for these purposes. This herbicide could protect a crop against annual weeds during 60 days after treatment with a biological efficacy equal to 96-97%. Efficacy of Cotoran (2,5 kg/ha) was lower (74,5-85,3-85,5%). The obtained positive results arc recommended into production.
5. Cotton plants grown under a film were infected less with root rot (30-38%) and gummosis (21-34%). Application of the MCSUF together with presowing seed treatment have provided higher efficacy against pest organisms than without a film and at other terms. Panoctinc has provided 59-65% efficacy against root rot and Bronotac - 80-71% efficacy against gummosis and they were recommended into production.
6. Cotton sown under a film has been infected with a wilt disease less than at control. The plants protected by film (on cuts of 20.09) were equal to 7,1 ±2,3% -6,0±3,4%, whereas at the standard (sowing in mid-April) - 14,1% -11,3%. The reason of this was less number of cultivations and irrigations at MCSUF, that reflects the positive side of the method.
7. The trophic relations of arthropod animals with cotton, sown under a film, have changed. That was expressed in the following:
7.1. Fast and early development of cotton seedlings sown under a film, provides partial escaping plants from infestation with cutworms. Damage of these pests can be reduced by 47-44%. Seedlings grown from seeds treated with Gaucho (Dalucho, Avalanche) - 5 kg/t, Orthcn - 4 kg/t, Rapcol - 10 kg/t and Cruiser - 4 kg/t can be protected against cutworms during 30-35 days with an efficacy equal to 66% - 82%.Thcse insecticides arc recommended to a wide application in manufacture.
7.2. Aphids and thrips start to develop earlier and they develop longer on early germinated cotton seedlings. Plants grown from treated (Gaucho, Orthcnc, Rapcol and Cruiser) seeds practically do not need insecticide sprayings. All preparats arc recommended into manufacture.
7.3. Early germinated cotton seedlings have started to be occupied by the spider mites and their predators early. But then, the difference between cotton sown under a film and in common terms is getting insignificant. The numbers of acariphags of natural populations increases since April and reaches its satisfactory maximum by the 2-3 decades of August. But, chemical processing is necessary before it. The recommendations arc included into the common scheme of protection.
7.4. Mirid bugs appear on cotton grown at MCSUF earlier than usual, and complete their development together with plants. These bugs control is included into the general system of control.
7.5. Cotton bollworms start to occupy early grown cotton plants (in I decade of June) when it can give 3,5 generations, and it produces 3 generations on plants grown by common practice. This has required modifying the system and terms of control against this pest. In particular, it is necessary to start application of the biological method on such fields earlier basing on results of the feromon monitorings. Early maturing of cotton and shift in agricultural methods, including terms of defoliation, breaks the historically developed terms of bollworms’ preparation to overwinter and can negatively affect an annual cycle of insect’s degradation. All that is a positive characteristic for a method of cotton growing under a film.
8. Because of early maturing of plants and earlier terms of defoliation MCSUF ensures the reduction of density of cotton bollworms both in current and the next year. Defoliants to have insecticide effects arc next: Dropp ultra (0,4-0,6 1/ha), Avguron extra (0,07-0,15 1/ha), Magnesium chlorate (7-10 kg/ha), Sihat (10-13 kg/ha) and Harway (2,0 kg/ha). The early defoliation allows to yield cotton at early terms, to prepare the soil and to sow grain crops with seeders and to obtain more productive plants.
9. The beginning and completion of raw-cotton harvest from plants, sown by MCSUF occures early (at I-II decades of October). Plants sown on March, 15-20 at MCSUF can produce an additional yield at rate of 11,3 -18,4 kg/ha. Cotton sowing under a plastic film on terms later than optimum (III decade of April) did not provide with necessary farm and economic efficacy.
10. Treatment of cotton seeds with pesticides Bronotac, Panoctine, Gaucho (Dalucho, Avalanche), Orthcne, Rapcol and Cruiser at sowing under a film provides obtaining of additional crop in amounts of 3,7-5,0 c/ha (1998) or 3,3-4,8 c/ha (1999 and 2007). The quality parameters of cotton-fiber from experimental sites have been improved than those produced at use of common sowing method.
11. The experiments of 1999 provided with additional cotton yield of C-6524 variety sown under a film in amounts of 11,3 c/ha (profitability was 39,3%). At industrial experiment of 2008, (“Andijan-36” variety) an additional yield in amount of 8,5 c/ha has been obtained. Profitability of expenses was 37,9%. That is by 13,7% higher than at controLThus, the method of cotton sowing under a film allows receiving considerable rise of a crop and a quality of cotton. On the other hand, early terms of harvesting and clearing of sites positively affects not only the crops of subsequent winter wheat, but also improves the structure of agrobioccnosis of the given sites.

Topicality and necessity of the subject of the dissertation. Under the influence of environmental unfavorable factors observed decrease in activity of the immune system that cause mutation pressure, reduce the index of population health and increase the incidence and prevalence of congenital malformations.. Congenital malformations of the maxillofacial area (CMMA) , in relation to their frequency, severity of anatomical and functional abnormalities, difficulty in social adaptation of patients, economic aspects arc one of the major problems in medicine. Congenital cleft lip and palate (CLP) arc the most common and severe malformations of the maxillofacial region. According to WHO, the birth rate of patients with cleft in the world is 0.6-1.6 per 1000 live births. In the group of congenital malformations in the human CLP falls from 12 to 30%.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan the process of transformation of the health system of maternity and childhood protection is given the status of public policy. In the years of independence, the implementation of measures aimed to provide high-quality medical care, achieved considerable successes. In the matter of the protection of health of pregnant women, prevention of birth of children with congenital anomalies, in particular, with the malformation of the maxillofacial region received some results.
It should be noted that congenital cleft lip and palate is not only medical but also social problem worldwide. At the end of the twentieth century in the last two decades, it noted 2 fold increase in the frequency of birth of children with this disease. In the structure of mortality in the perinatal and early childhood congenital malformation occupy a significant place.Congenital orofacial malformations arc among the five most common fetal malformations. This pathology is multifactorial in its origin and development involves a variety of exo and endogenous factors: hereditary, environmental, infectious disease, drugs or the combined effect of several factors. To date, increased impact of these factors and their role in the development of congenital cleft lip and palate determines the urgency of the problem.
The most important directions of scientific research into the development of CLP concerns a study on immune deficiency in expectant mothers. These factors can disrupt not only the formation of the maxillofacial region of the fetus, but also to change the process of embryogenesis of many other organs. Early diagnosis of congenital facial development, the development and use of modem surgical methods of treatment, rehabilitation and improvement of early prevention of disability of children remains the leading area of research.
This research project meets the goals set in the State program "Year of harmoniously developed generation", approved by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 27, 2010, № PP-1271; "On the State Program of early detection of congenital and hereditary diseases to prevent the birth of disabled children for the period of 2013-2017 years" on March 12, 2013, № PP-1235 and "Year of healthy child" for the number of PP-2133 approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic Uzbekistan dated 19 February 2014
The aim of the research: Dctccion of risk factors for the birth of children with defects of the maxillofacial region, the development of the principles of their pregravid prevention; evaluation of the effectiveness of immune therapy for heylo-and uranoplasty.
The scientific novelty of the dissertational research is as follows: .
For the first time in women living in the Bukhara and Navoi region studied the relationship of the fetus congenital malformation under the influence of various kinds of teratogenic (xenobiotics, infectious diseases, drugs and combined) and unfavorable environmental factors;
In women who were under the combined effects of teratogenic factors in the immune system has significant decrease of CD3+, CD4+-lymphocytes, increased proinflammatory and killer cells (IL-ip, TNF-a and IL-6) cytokines;
in women with a complicated infectious history the level of lymphocyte with apoptosis receptor and IFN-y concentration have opposite changes
for the first time found that women bom babies with CLP and had contact with xenobiotics, the level of IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly higher than in women who gave birth without any defects, which confirms the importance of the xenobiotics impact in the development of congenital malformations;
for the first time revealed that children with congenital cleft lip and palate, living in ecologically unfavorable regions, the number of CD3+, CD4+-lymphocytes was significantly lower, and CD16+-cells - significantly higher, levels of IL-ip, TNF-a was significantly increased and the level of IFN-y -reduced;
for the first time revealed that conducting immunotherapy with Dcrinat and polyoxidonium in children with CLP before and after operating activities contributes to the positive dynamics of indicators of the immune system and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications;
Were developed strategy of pregravid preparation of women including immunotherapy, depending on the influence of teratogenic factors. This event leads to the stabilization of immune system, provides the necessary conditions for fetal development, and is an effective tool for reducing the incidence of congenital pathology of maxillofacial area in the territory of the Republic.
CONCLUSION
1. In the structure of congenital malformations in the Bukhara and Navoi regions of high incidence of children bom with congenital cleft lip and palate was found, the frequency in Navoi region made up X=1,62, while in Bukhara region -X=l,12, left-sided cleft met 2 times more often than right-handed, boys more often than girls.
2. Main teratogenic factors contributing to the formation of the fetus congenital maxillofacial region arc ecologically unfavorable conditions, previous infection, family history, side effects of drugs, and their combined effect.
3. In children with congenital cleft lip and palate in Bukhara and Navoi region the prevalence was observed for the most serious forms - congenital cleft palate, combined cleft lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate and also was observed a high incidence of somatic morbidity.
4. Children with congenital cleft lip and palate arc characterized by secondary immune deficiency, manifested deficiency of T-ccll immunity, the imbalance of immunoglobulins of the main classes, in the cytokine status observed fluctuations in the synthesis of IL-lp, TNF-a and IFN-y.
5. Developed complex of immunocorrccting therapy in children with CLP before and after surgery helps to reduce postoperative complications.
6. For women who had experienced the effects of environmental adverse factors was characteristic the reduction of level of CD3+, CD4+, CD20+-cells, IgG, IgA, IgM, FAN, LF, IL-10, TNF-a, IFN-y and IL-4 and increased level of CD8+, CD16+, CD25+ and CD95+ -cells, СЗ, CEC and IL-6.
7. In women with a history of infectious complications was observed level declines of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+-cells, IgG, IgA, IgM, FAN, LF, C3 and IFN-y, thus the CD16+, CD20+, CD95+-cells, CRC, IL-10, TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-6 levels were elevated.
8. In women with hereditary burden was observed the low level of CD3+, CD4+-cell, C3, and elevated levels of CD25+ lymphocytes, CRC, IL-10, TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-6.
9. For women taking various drugs, with thcratogcnic effect during the early gestational period of pregnancy , was observed the reduction of CD3+, CD8+-ccll, and the increase levels of CD20+, CD25+-cells, IgG, IgA, LF, IL -10, TNF-a.
10. For women with the combined effect of teratogens was typical the reduction of levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+- lymphocytes, IgG, IgA, IgM, FAN, LF, IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-y and increased levels of CD16+, CD25+, CD95+-cells, CEC, C3, TNF-a and IL-6.
11. Conducting of pre-conccptional preparing for women with inclusion of immunocorrccting therapy, depending on the influence of teratogenic factors leads to the stabilization of immune system, provides the necessary conditions for fetal development, is an effective tool for reducing the incidence of congenital abnormalities in the maxillofacial area.

The researches of the World Health Organization on the early revealing of the congenital pathology at children’s age show that urethral valve make up 8,3% among all the urethra track pathology. Urethral valve, considered to be the most serious types of congenital types, in particular, arc an infravesical obstruction leading to the disorder of urodynamics, development of pyelonephritis and in 48-70% of cases bringing to chronic illnesses of kidneys and their early diagnosing and tactics of treatment stays an actual problem of surgery at children’s age.
In Uzbekistan a fast development of the effective methods of treatment of urethra tracks congenital pathology and their wide use note certain works for the children’s surgeons on the early revealing of disease.
According to the World Health Organization statements, despite the goals reached in the sphere of the development of medical-organizational measures on early revealing of urethral valve and their treatment it still remains an actual problem throughout the world.
Today, despite the existence of the wide spectrum of checking methods used on diagnosing and treating urethral valve and its complications the studies of the most productive and convenient ways and the search of the ways of their joint usage are considered one of the main problems. The development of productiveness of the early diagnosing of urethra valve at different age patients and the development of surgery treatment quality together with the development of new modem approach require a special attention. This requires revealing of the disease at an early period and the development of the more effective surgery methods.
In the teaching on the development of new approaches to the urethra valve treatment and its clinic-methodological substantiation it is very important to pay a special attention to a number of problems as: improvement of the early rating methods of urethra track function symptoms; the development of ratings defining urethra valve clinic condition and the treatment of its complicated types; to prove the effective approach to minimally invasive, simple and convenient ways in treatment of urethral valve.
This dissertation work will serve to maintain the tasks pulled out in the State Programs confirmed by the Resolution N 1096 P.K of the President of Uzbekistan on “the additional measures for mother and child health support and the formation of healthy generation” in April 13, 2009 and the Resolution N ПП-2221 P.K on “the further improvement of the reproductive condition of the population of Uzbekistan and on mothers’, children’s and teenager’s health support in 2014-2018” in August 1, 2014.
Purpose of the research: is the development of offers and recommendations on rising the effectiveness of urethra valve treatment of children on the bases of optimization of diagnostics and surgical treatment.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research:
For the first time functional condition of lower urinary tract was evaluated, differentiated approach to diagnostics of UV of children on the basis of results of combined urodynamic researches of children with UV and adaptation of international questionnaire of symptoms of urethral tracts disorder of grown-ups (I-PSS) for children was worked out:
For the first time in diagnostics of UV of children the obstructive and nonobstructive disorders of urodynamics of lower urethral tracts were distinguished, at that the main criteria of determining results of treatment and kidney functioning were these changes with such qualitative indices as wall thickness of urinary bladder, muscular tension of detrusor, effective cross-section of urethra, the volume of residual urine, the rate of urination, intravesical pressure, urethral resistance ;
Unsatisfactory results of treatment of UV by traditional surgical method observed in patients in functioning of lower urethral tracts were reasons for use of pathogcnetically based retrograde vesicocndopunctional valvulotomy by means of metallic valvulatomc of special construction;
It was proved that after RVEPV as a result of complete removal of urethral valve, the anatomic mucous membrane of the urethral valve is restored unlike all other ways of obstruction removal, positive changes of urodynamic parameters in the near and distant postopcrational period with the children of any age is observed;
On the basis of appraisal of expression of intravesical obstruction and functional changes of upper urinary tract the prognostication to surgical treatment of complicated forms of urethral valve of children was worked out and substantiated as well as criteria of prognosis for the near and distant period of postoperative treatment;
In accordance with the diagnostic program introduced into practice and based on urodynamic researches and owing to comparative approach to observation of disease and different clinical cases of UV the group of children with negative changes in functioning of urethral tracts and the group of patients who arc in need of early operative treatment were determined.
Conclusions
1. The international questionnaire I-PSS adapted for children, in Russian and Uzbek versions, arc convenient, reliable and valid methodological book for differentiation of sick children with SIUT.
2. Value of a score adapted for children of versions of questionnaire I-PSS equal 4 and more allows to diagnose early symptoms of cmiction disorder of children in the Uzbek version with sensitivity of 93,5% and specificity of 85%, in the Russian version - with sensitivity of 90 % and specificity of 80%.
3. By results of application of the versions of questionnaire I-PSS adapted for children the frequency of occurrence of cmiction disorder among children who have addressed in a hospital concerning somatic disorders, compounds 28,4%.
4. For specification of presence of UV it is necessary to organize additional tool urodynamical researches. Degree of pathological changes at UV at children is directly proportional to duration of not diagnosed period of disease.
5. Application of a metal valvulotome at excising UV at children can be an alternative method of TUR, the method is physiologic and practically not inferior to cndovisual and it is confirmed by good prophylomctric parameters of cmiction in the postoperative period of observation.
6. The indication to application of metal valvulatomc is all forms of UV, irrespective of the age of patients, stage of disease, character of functional indicators of TUT and degree of a damage of function of kidney.
7. After excision of UV with application of MV and PV the augmentation of alive section of an urethra and rate of cmiction, decreasing of quotient of urethral resistance and normalization of intravesical pressure of cmiction arc observed as well as at excision of UV by way of TUR that helps to consider application of MV and PV at surgical treatment of UV as proved.
8. On the basis of developed criteria for determining the indications for methods of operation while eliminating complicated forms of UV of children on stages of CRF in subcompensated stage of the disease after removal of UV it is necessary to carry out reconstructive plastic surgery on external urinary tracts and step-by-step treatment in decompensated stages.
9. In most cases (92%) after removal of UV the restoration of self-urination, improvement of urodynamics and remission of pyelonephritis were observed. In the long-term postoperative period good results were obtained in 76,3% of patients with UV complicated by CRF, satisfactory in 15,7%, and unsatisfactory in 7,8%.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. In recent years in the world have been stabilization, and even a tendency to reduce in some countries the incidence of peptic ulcer disease due to the introduction of new approaches to the treatment of ulcer disease into clinical practice. The basis for this change was the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and its pathogenic role in the development of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The results of studies conducted in different countries show that H. pylori is the cause of 100% of cases of chronic antral gastritis, 95% of all duodenal ulcers and almost 90% of benign gastric ulcers which arc not medicinal.
Scientifically proven role of H. pylori in the development and, especially in the progression and recurrence of peptic ulcer disease dictates the need for antimicrobial (H. pylori) eradication therapy. The major reasons for such a treatment arc the estabilished data on the decline of the number of the relapses, the lengthening of remission and the diminution of the number of complications of peptic ulcer disease1. Treatment of peptic ulcer disease is on eradicate of infection H. pylori, which allows to achieve ulcer healing, to prevent recurrence of the disease, and to prevent the development of complications. Modem approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of infection H. pylori, which meet the requirements of evidence-based medicine arc reflected in the outcomes of international (the Maastricht Treaty 1-4, 1996, 2000, 2005 and 2010 respectively) conference held in Maastricht. As is shown by the data in the literature and the practice of the last decade, the negative impact on the results of H. pylori eradication has a resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. According to the statistic of the world's leading research laboratories, the number of strains resistant to clarithromycin and a nitroimidazolc derivative is increasing2. Resistance significantly reduces the effectiveness of first-line regimens, so in the near future to second-line therapy will be given the priority3. Quadruple second-line regimens with proven efficacy of eradication should be utilised.
As is known, the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease is considered as the result of an imbalance between local factors "aggression" and "protection" with a predominance of "aggressive" factors and the weakening of "safe." And a decisive role is still played on "aggressive" factors, primarily acid peptic and infection - H. pylori. As the analysis of the literature shows the effectiveness of triple and quadruple schemes is studied only in terms of suppression and eradication of H.pylori secretion in patients with peptic ulcer disease. The influence of components and schemes of antiulcer therapy on state factors of cytoprotection has not been investigated virtually1.
According to Arakawa T. et aL, the frequency of recurrence of peptic ulcer disease depends not only on the eradication of H. pylori, but also on the processes of regeneration and cytoprotection in the gastroduodenal mucosa. A decrease in mucus production or a change in its qualitative composition may be one of the reasons of ulceration2. However, the relationship of H. pylori as a factor of aggression and slime-forming function of the stomach as a protective factor remains unexplored.
This research work was been carried out within the framework of the achievement of the assignments set by the Decree of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan № PD-1652 “About measures on the further deepening of reformation of the health care system” from 28.11.2011 year.
Purpose of the research: to study the influence of components and schemes of second-line therapy on the state of aggressive-protective factors in the gastroduodenal mucosa and to to develop the scientific foundations for determine the effcctivness treatment regimens of peptic ulcer.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation research consists of following:
for the first time in the comparative direction proved pharmacodynamic effects of drugs and schemes of second-line therapy on the state aggressively protective factors in the mucosal tissue of the stomach in experimental ulcer;
for the first time positive drug interactions were revealed when applied quadruple therapy consisting of omeprazole, dc-nol, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and the triple therapy consisting of omeprazole, amoxycillin, and tetracycline and also, scheme quadruple therapy with omeprazole, de-nol, tetracycline, metronidazole and triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin, and furazolidone affect the protective factors and aggression negatively; 
for the first time the features of cytoprotection and regenerative processes in patients with duodenal ulcer disease, depending on the association of H. pylori has been explored;
it is first estabilished that in patients with H. pylori assosation the violation of synthesis of mucous barrier is characterized by increses content of fucose, while rcgcncratory processes in mucosa by the deficience if bound oxyprolinc
for the first time diagnostic criterion for assessing the severity of disease and association of Helicobacter pylori infection was proposed;
it was first established that quadruple therapy with omeprazole, dc-nol, amoxicillin, tetracycline, which more effectively affect the impaired mechanisms of synthesis of the protective mucosal barrier and regeneration processes, leads to a higher frequency of scarring ulcers in patients with duodenal ulcer disease.
CONCLUSION
1. In the experimental ulcer the content of functioning mucus produsing cells is significantly reduced, accompanied by inhibition of the synthesis of insoluble glycoproteins in the mucosal tissue of the stomach. Preparations of second-line therapy have a different effect on the state of the mucous barrier. Omeprazole, metronidazole and furazolidone inhibit the synthesis of mucosal barrier, by it’s inhibitory effect arc metronidazole and furazolidone arc the strongest. In the application of de-nol number of mucus produsing cells and the synthesis of insoluble glycoproteins increases. Amoxicillin and tetracycline do not affect the synthesis of mucosal barrier.
2. One of the reasons for the suppression of the synthesis of gastric mucosal barrier is to reduce the activity of enzymes of the monooxygenase system. Components of triple and quadruple therapy omeprazole, metronidazole and furazolidone significantly inhibit enzyme activity, which is one of the reasons for the negative impact of the synthesis of insoluble glycoproteins. Dc-nol provides the inductive influence, and tetracycline and amoxicillin do not affect the activity of enzymes of the MOS.
3. In terms of correction of violations of the synthesis of mucosal barrier dysfunction of monooxygenase system in the gastric mucosa the best quadruple therapy is the one with omcprazol, de- nol, amoxicillin and tetracycline. Another scheme of quadruple therapy with omeprazole, de- nol, tetracycline and metronidazole suppresses these mechanisms. The triple therapy and has consisting of omeprazole, amoxicillin and furazolidone also has an overwhelming effect. A scheme of triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin and tetracycline has virtually no effect on the pathogenic mechanisms of synthesis of mucosal barrier.
4. Pharmacodynamic effects of drugs for second-line on the synthesis of mucosal barrier and function of monooxygenase system of the gastric mucosa arc closely linked with the system of nitric oxide synthesis. Omeprazole, metronidazole and furazolidone inhibit NO synthesis and increase tissue hypoxia. In terms of correcting violations in the NO-formation and anaerobic glycolysis, the most effective is de-nol. Tetracycline and amoxicillin do not act on the mechanisms of formation of NO and anaerobic glycolysis.
5. The features of the influence of drug regimens of the second line therapy on the mechanisms of NO-formation processes and anaerobic glycolysis arc shown and at a speed of lipid peroxidation in the mucosal tissue of the stomach. Omeprazole, metronidazole and furazolidone have prooxidant pharmacodynamic effect on lipid peroxidation. Dc-nol has an antioxidant effect, and amoxicillin and tetracycline docs not affect the rate of lipid peroxidation.
6. Standard second-line schemes containing omeprazole combination with metronidazole and furazolidone with omeprazole, adversely affect on mechanisms of nitric oxide synthesis and stimulate anaerobic glycolysis and increase the rate of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, for the correction of the broken mechanisms of NO-formation, anaerobic glycolysis and lipid peroxidation, quadruple therapy with omeprazole, dc-nol, amoxicillin, tetracycline is effective, while triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin, tetracycline is less effective, quadruple therapy with omeprazole, de-nol, tetracycline, metronidazole and triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin, furazolidone is ineffective.
7. In patients with duodenal ulcer in association with Helicobacter pylori violation of protective mechanisms arc associated with reduced synthesis of mucosal barrier and a violation of regenerative processes. Mucosal barrier damage is characterized by significant reduction of the main fraction of glycoproteins -fucose and regenerative processes - deficiency bound hydroxyproline. Lack of fucose and bound hydroxyproline depends on the severity of the disease. Determination of fucose and bound hydroxyprolinc in the gastric juice can serve as a diagnostic criterion for assessing the severity of disease in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. In patients with PUD not associated with H. Pylori, mucosal barrier damage and disturbance of regeneration is characterized by equal and less significant decrease in the content of fractions IGP and hydroxyprolinc. In these patients the changes do not depend on the severity of the disease.
8. Standard scheme quadruple schemes of second line therapy with omeprazole, dc-nol, amoxicillin, tetracycline and omeprazole, dc-nol, tetracycline and metronidazole affect equally on the dynamics of clinical symptoms and the frequency of eradication H. pylori. However quadruple therapy with omeprazole, de nol, tetracycline, metronidazole stimulates the synthesis of mucosal barrier slightly and has virtually no effect on the mechanisms of kollagcn synthesis. In this regard, it is advisable to apply quadruple therapy with omeprazole, de-nol, amoxicillin, tetracycline, which affect more effectively on the synthesis of the protective mechanisms of impaired mucosal barrier and regeneration processes, which results in a higher rate of scarring. In the absence of H. pylori association monotherapy with omeprazole inhibits the synthesis mechanisms of mucosal barrier and has virtually no effect on the process of regeneration, which leads to the reduction of the rate of scarring ulcers.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. According to the data presented by the World health organization (WHO) 4-6% of the total numbers of newborn babies have congenital developmental abnormalities (CDA). In the structure of developmental abnormalities of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) various types of congenital intestinal occlusion (CIO) take a leading place. Diverse forms of CIO in most cases happen in neonatal and until 3 months period, herewith disorders of adaptation caused by combined forms of CDA and additional somatic diseases have negative effect on the results of therapy. When CIO is observed in elder children and teenagers, development of complications dangerous for a patients’ life due to the difficulty of diagnostics make the process of operation and postoperative period even more complicated. However, in present time there is no sufficient detailed analysis of forms and results of treatment of intestinal occlusion in children of elder age in the literature. According to the data presented by the World health organization amongst babies which bom with CDA in 30-40% of cases arc fatality. In many countries of the world there is no tendency to decrease this indicator. Therefore, improvement the diagnosis and treatment policy, as well as development of effective methods is one of the most topical problems.
At present, one of the main causes of CIO is malrotation and fixation disorders of mid-gut in the pre-natal period. Owing to the exclusive severity of the progress and adverse anatomical variants, the given type of CIO is marked out as the independent nosological group called «malrotation of intestine» (MI). MI is not an often-discussed problem of children's surgery because in many medical institutions it is impossible to analyze patients with that complex pathology from the point of view of diagnostics and treatment. The contradictions in the interpretation of anatomical changes in intestine, clinical manifestations and various approaches to treatment of children of the elder age children arc not solved yet. The mortality rates due to the disease arc still high. That is why the early diagnostics and modification of surgical method of CIO and MI therapy define topicality of the present study.
This scientific research work serves for implementation of all problems, formulated in the State programs «The year of healthy generation», confirmed by the Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan №PD-2133 dated the 19st of February 2014, in the Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan №PD-2221 dated the 1st of August 2014 «About the State program of further maintenance of reproductive health of the population, health care of mothers, children and teenagers in Uzbekistan for 2014-2018».
Purpose of research is to improve the results of treatment of children with the congenital intestinal occlusion caused by malrotation and defect of fixation of intestine by means of optimization of ante- and postnatal diagnostics and a choice of surgical tactics.
Scientific novelty of research is concluded in following:
a method of surgical treatment of duodenal obstruction, attendant with megaduodenum in children were worked out;
for the first time clinical progress, the data of auxiliary methods of diagnostics and intra-opcrational anatomical manifestations of separate variants of malrotation and fixation defect of intestine among newborns and children of various age groups were systematized;
it was detected that disorders of malrotation of intestine in children were independent on the age, but depended on the degree of rotation (partial, complete) of small intestine or its parts;
it was defined matching the clinical progress of the disease study of Doppler-metric blood flow parameters in superior mesenteric blood vessels in children with intestinal malrotation: the decrease of hem dynamics in the arterial blood vessels in comparison with the control group, while the diameter of veins relatively increased;
the optimum volume of surgical correction was scientifically proved for uncomplicated, complicated, combined forms of IM in children, in violations of rotation indications to operations on liquidation of malrotation with or without fixation of mid-gut in physiological position were defined.
Conclusion
1. CIO in children is presented by abnormalities of the intestinal tube (41.3%), with MI (37.6%); mcconial occlusion (3.4%), it can be conditioned by developmental abnormalities of other organs (16.2%) and it has multifactorial character (1.5%). The prevailing forms of malrotations arc volvulus of midgut along the whole length or segments of small intestine (30.9%), Ladd syndrome (27.6%), and pathological fixation (15.5%).
2. CIO proceeds in the form of high (39.4%) or low (60.0%) intestinal occlusion, isolated (53.2%) or in the composition of combined or multiple defects (46.8%). The factors, defining the progress of CIO and MI, arc the level of location, degree of obstruction along the intestine and the character of complications. In 78.3% cases all kinds of CIO arc diagnosed in neonatal period.
3. Diversity of clinical manifestations of malrotation is conditioned by great variations of the degree of intestinal vascularization disorders in case of volvulus,combination with other GIS abnormalities (39.8%) and development of relevant complications (81.9%), serving to be the main causes of diagnostic and tactic mistakes.
4. Pre- and postnatal ultrasound diagnostics is screening method of CIO revealing. In case of MI the results of radiologic checking arc sufficiently sensitive, though little specific for certain anatomical variants. Reliability of the diagnosis increases in case of sequent application of ultrasound checking methods for mesenteric blood flow, roentgen-contrast and CT checkings of GIS.
5. Conservative therapy of MI is not effective. MI diagnosis is an indication for surgical treatment for correction of the main and associate pathologies and appearing complications. In case of sufficient width and length of mcsentcrium and mesenteric vessels in 24.1% of patients the operation can be finished by fixation of large intestine in the shape of complete rotation.
6. Ladd's surgical operation cannot be universal method for all forms of MI. For mcsocolic parietal hernia, reverse rotation and isolate volvulus of small intestine an individual approach is required.
7. Indications for radical, palliative or simultaneous operations in case of MI arc defined during the surgical operation, taking into account a combined pathology of abdominal organs and appearing complications. In case of excessive megaduodenum and disorders of duodenal syntopy good results arc provided by duodenal plastics method we proposed.
8. Though, in case of certain variants of MI many anatomical components arc similar, the differences arc in location and length of intestine fixation of segments or totally prolonged colon and loops of small intestine correspondingly to the place of its stop at the stage of rotation and the character of the combined abnormalities and relevant complications.
9. Decrease of lethality rate more than three times from 54.7% (2002-2010) to 16.7% in 2011-2013, good and satisfactory results in 78.6% patients with MI testify the efficacy of the proposed diagnostic and operative tactics.

Worldwide development of the theory and practice of mathematical modeling of the regulatory mechanisms functioning (regulyatorika) of living systems at the main hierarchical levels of the organization is connected with successful application its to biology, medicine and agriculture, because it allows to choose the most effective ways for prophylaxis and treatment of number of diseases, for agricultural techniques of cultivation and plant selection, to creation various products of biotechnology. According to WHO forecasting, the number of cases of genetic diseases will continue to grow from 14 million in 2012 to 22 million in the next decade. In European countries adopted a national strategy on research of regulatory mechanisms of rare genetic diseases, and the program "Horizon 2020" running is considered as beginning of new era in the financing of scientific research in the EU. The budget of "Horizon 2020" for the period 2014-2020 is 80 billion euros in the prices of 2011. If the funds index allotted in 2013 for the study of regulatory mechanisms of cells arc 6.7% of the total EU budget, according to estimates, the index will increase to 8.5% in 2020. Since 2014 International research consortium of genetic diseases have already embarked on unprecedented scale of international scientific cooperation in the study of the regulatory mechanisms of living systems.
After discovering regulatory micro-RNA molecules at the beginning of this century there exist intensively growing number of works devoted to the development and practical application of mathematical modeling methods of different regulatory mechanisms of the cell. Although large-scale international studies on cell’s regulatory mechanisms arc expanded (the budget of the "Human Genome" project was more than 3 billion dollars), the interpretation of genome data is still not carried out, its regulatory mechanisms arc not clarified in detail.
In this regard, it is especially actuial to analyse hierarchical interconnection of cellular communities of living systems at different levels of its organization; to develop conceptual model of regulatory mechanisms of cellular communities; to analyse possible formation laws of functional communities; revealing the basic association regularities of multicellular organisms, cells in the cell community to perform specific functions of the organisms; to develop model to ensure the population dynamics of the major research cellular groups that make up the cellular community; development of cell’s simulation models based on the spatiotemporal organization of cells and intracellular processes, to create mathematical models of quantitative relationships of cells on the basis of a system of differential equations with delayed argument; a qualitative and comparative analysis of mathematical models of cell division and cell differentiation, taking into account the dynamics of the volume; elimination of the quantitative relationship between the parameters of the model of cell division and the change in volume; study of mechanisms of sustainable functioning of organs and tissues as a whole in the performance of specific functions.
The dissertation significance is characterised by creation of programs complex on the basis of modem achievements of information technologies, mathematics, medicine and biology that allows to develop new effective methods and algorithms of living systems programming, the high computer technologies in medicine and biology; to create new diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in treatment of people, highly effective medical products, to improve the processes directed on public health care.
The dissertation fulfils the tasks one is charged with accordance with the Ruling of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan №1730 "On measures for further implementation and development of modem information and communication technologies" on March 21, 2012 and the Ruling of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PP 2221 "On the state program to further strengthen reproductive health, maternal health, child and adolescent in Uzbekistan for the period 2014-2018 years" on August 1, 2014.
Purpose of the research is to develop complex of mathematical models and methodology for imitating modeling of rcgulatorika of cellular communities of living systems with taking into account temporal relations.
Scientific novelty.
Developed conceptual model of regulatory mechanisms of cellular communities based on introducing the functional unit of cellular communities (FUES), consisting of dividing, growing, differentiated, carrying out the specific functions, ageing cellular groups functioning interconnected as a unit;
Imitating cellular FUES models taking into account the existential cells organisation and their endoccllular processes, and also mathematical models of quantitative mutual relations of FUES cells on the basis of system of the differential-delay equations arc developed;
Developed integrated class of mathematical models of regulatory mechanisms of FUES cellular functions in which there arc models of cellular division, differentiations, performance of specific cellular functions and ageing;
Carried out qualitative and comparative analysis of mathematical models of quantitative relationships between FUES cells and cell differentiation on the basis of criteria of adequacy, compactness and testability and selected class of nonlinear functional differential equations;
The account of cell volume dynamics is made during developing models of cellular functions, new quantitative dependence between parametres of model of cellular division and volume dynamics is revealed;
Developed, taking into account the non-linear relationships, self-control, final product inhibition and associativity, new methods of cellular community simulation, algorithms and model’s computer realization.
Developed the information technology and software for computational experiments with the aim of solving the problems of biology and medicine in the field of models construction of interrelated processes of cellular communities regulatory mechanisms.
Conclusion
In the course of the research produced the following results:
1. The formulated basic structurally functional organization of the cells united by performance of the general cellular functions - a functional unit of cellular communities (FUES), allows carrying out the analysis of regulatory mechanisms of multicellular organisms’ cellular communities from uniform positions. FUES formulation opens wide opportunities at mathematical modeling of the most universal, peculiar to all real cellular communities, regulatory mechanisms of vegetative and animal organisms at subccllular level of its organization.
2. The developed general approaches to research vegetative and animal organisms on the basis of modeling of quantitative number of cells (A class), cellular functions (B class) and imitating cellular modeling (C class) using FUES allow to create modeling and program provision for computing experiments for the problems decision in the field of histology and physiology at subccllular, cellular and over-cellular levels of its organization.
3. Constructed and qualitatively investigated differential-delay equations of quantitative numbers of cells in FUES basic zones allow carrying out effective modeling cellular communities. It revealed, based on models research, existence of difficult forms of functioning cellular communities including, besides constancy of cells number, cyclic change, unpredictable dynamics and effect of "black hole".
4. It shown, based on the developed and realized technique of the account of cell volume dynamics at modeling of its basic functions, that character of volume change is one of regulatory mechanisms of cellular ability to live.
5. It is established, based on the qualitative analysis of decisions of corresponding systems of the equations, an acceptability of mathematical models of mitosis and differentiation for the quantitative analysis of the description of the basic laws of division and competition of alternative ways of specialization of cells.
6. It is established, on the basis of carrying out of purposeful computing experiments, sequence of adaptive reactions of intestines at loading an organism by fat: activity rising of absorbing cells, their migration due to differentiation time reduction and finding in buffer zone, involving of growing, young cells into division, number increase of dividing cells and time reduction of their division.
7. During computing experiments, effects of crypth-fibcr cells accumulation in zone of young, growing cells and number fluctuations (to 30 %) cells as adaptive mechanisms of rapidly-renewing cellular systems to possible external influences arc observed.
8. Following regimes of considered process arc revealed during computing experiments with «Hcpatocytes-HBV» program: clarification, symbiosis, regular and irregular fluctuations, sharp destructive changes which define various clinical forms of disease. Forecasting possibility of above-mentioned regimes and their basic characteristics allows, at computer support of laboratory and clinical researches of infectious process at hepatitis B, to establish molecular-genetic bases of pathogenesis, to carry out diagnostics and forecasting characteristic stages of disease current at hepatitis B.
9. Regimes of stationary condition and steady fluctuations with normal functioning, programmed cell death (apoptosis), irregular behavior with tumor development and «black hole» effect with pathological cells death (necrosis) arc found out during computing experiments with computer model of rcgulatorika of cellular communities of thyroid gland follicle.
10. Application possibility of developed functional-differential equations for the analysis of HIV infection pathogenesis mechanisms without “Hayflick limit” concept attraction is established.

The topicality and significance of the subject of dissertation. Experts by Synergy Research noted that the total market volume of neural networks by 2005 exceeded 10 billion, dollars, in 2014 the volume of cloud services amounted to more than 17 bln. dollars, an increase of 45% year of calculus1. Also, in the first quarter of 2015 the market volume of services designed to deploy cloud infrastructures, exceeded $ 5 billion., where the share of Amazon Web Services was 29%. Due to the dynamic increase in sales of cloud services in January-March 2015 Google's revenue increased by 74%, IBM - by 56%, while revenues Salesforce.com rose by 34%. Thus, in 2018 the market of public cloud services will take place an investment of $ 127.5 billion., And their size by this time will be increased by an average of 22.8% per year, which is six times greater than the projected growth of global IT-market2.
Determination of hidden patterns, data classification, prediction of processes, as well as analysis of the studied process for large volumes of data and in terms of their uncertainty arc the main tasks of data mining. For complex, weakly formalized processes with fuzzy nestohastichnostyu and incompleteness in the source of information and situations of internal and external environment, not usually given the opportunity to build simple adequate mathematical models. Information about the parameters of such processes is usually expressed by experts in the form of words and sentences, ie, in linguistic form. In such cases, the simulation, decision-making and management tools appropriate to use the technology of soft computing (Soft Computing).
The hybrid system obtained by combining the components of soft computing technologies - fuzzy logic, neural networks and evolutionary algorithms, will have the same intellectual property as the application of knowledge in natural language. In this regard, the development of algorithms and software for generation of fuzzy models of classification tasks, assessment, forecasting and decision-making based on fuzzy inference rules, neural networks and evolutionary algorithms is an actual problem.
Therefore, there is a need to develop methods and algorithms for solving data mining, ie the tasks of building fuzzy models classification, estimation and forecasting on the basis of fuzzy clustering, configuration parameters of the model using neural networks and evolutionary algorithms and fuzzy multi-criteria optimization that occurs when building the model.
This dissertation research is aimed at solving the tasks set by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On electronic government » for the № LRU-395 of December 9, 2015, Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On measures to further the implementation of information and communication technologies in the real economy» for the № DP-2158 of April 3, 2014, «On measures for further development of national information and communication system of the Republic of Uzbekistan» for the № DP-1989 of June 27, 2013, and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers «On measures for the formation of the central database of individuals and legal persons and implementation of a unified information system to identify users of the system «Electronic Govcmmcnt»»for № 365 of December 17, 2015.
The purpose of research is to develop hybrid methods and algorithms for building models intelligent analysis of weakly formalized processes based on the method of fuzzy clustering, setting the parameters of these models with the help neural networks and evolutionary algorithm of a bee swarm.
Scientific novelty of the results of the dissertation is as follows:
proposed hybrid the methods of construction of fuzzy models intelligent analysis of weakly formalized processes;
an algorithm for constructing a fuzzy logic model intellectual analysis -classification, estimation and forecasting of weakly formalized processes based on the method of fuzzy clustering;
the possibility of obtaining fuzzy solutions in the construction of the fuzzy logic model classification, evaluation and forecasting of weakly formalized processes based on the settings parameters of the model neural networks for different membership functions;
the possibility of obtaining fuzzy solutions in the construction of the fuzzy logic model classification, evaluation and forecasting of weakly formalized processes based on the settings parameters of the model of algorithm of a bee swarm for different membership functions;
it formed a multicritcria optimization problem in the conditions fuzzy information and developed an algorithm to solve this problem;
develop criteria and algorithms for solving optimization problems and decision-making with fuzzy initial information, proved several assertions about the properties be improved solutions in terms of membership functions;
developed the technology constructing adequate fuzzy model based on hybrid methods of intellectual analysis of weakly formalized processes
CONCLUSION
Analysis of the main results of the thesis allowed us to make several conclusions.
1. A systematic analysis of the problem of constructing models of fuzzy classification problems, estimation and forecasting in weakly formalized systems, as well as the urgency of the development of methods for their solution.
2. On the basis of mathematical analysis shows that important to ensure the adequacy of the model, that is, how to properly use the current information about the subject of research in the modeling process.
3. Analysis of the fuzzy multi-criteria optimization problems generated by the construction of fuzzy model predictive analysis of poorly formalized processes, allows us to solve the problem of multicritcria optimization, resulting in the construction of classification models, estimation and forecasting processes in a fuzzy information.
4. An algorithm for constructing a fuzzy model predictive analysis of the process allows us to solve the problem of classification, estimation and forecasting processes in weakly formalized and the nature of the uncertainty of information about them.
5. The experimental studies have shown a higher efficiency of the developed algorithms in comparison with known algorithms for solving model problems classification, estimation and forecasting.
6. Analysis of the results obtained in the construction of classification models, estimation and forecasting of mining processes in the states of fuzzy information based on fuzzy clustering method showed that the fuzzy approach makes it possible to obtain adequate fuzzy decision based on any a priori information and the level of certainty.
7. Determine the properties be improved for solving the problem of fuzzy multi-criteria optimization, formed by the construction of fuzzy model, and this property contributes to obtaining effective results in addressing a number of practical problems.
8. The possibility of obtaining effective solutions for solving practical problems of classification, estimation and forecasting based on the development of algorithms for constructing models of mining state weakly formalized processes.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. In the world it is made more than 17 million tons of knitted fabrics and products that makes 1/3 all world textile markets. Experts predict increase in release at 25 % within 10 years. For today the largest manufacturers of knitting products arc China, India, the USA, Uzbekistan, Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia.
Manufacture of textile products of Uzbekistan is increasing from year to year. According to the results of 2015 it is made production on 116,6 % by corresponding period of 2014, including 113,5 % of knitted production.
For last years the assortment of knitted products has considerably extended. It was enriched with new kinds of fabrics, in particular, the double fabrics developed on double bed machines. The purpose of working out of such kinds of fabrics is reduction of the expense of raw materials with preservation of hygienic both aesthetic indicators and increase in consumer properties. At the same time the question of forecasting of properties of knitting, working out of the structures answering technical, aesthetic and modem art-colour requirements is one of actual problems of today.
Today the scientists and knitting industry particularly have acute problems of developing resource-saving technology of knitwear, expand the technological capabilities of knitting machines and using of local raw materials (which allows to reduce production costs and increase the share of local processing of raw materials into finished knitwears). In the direction of socio-economic development of the country it is necessary to develop and apply a set of measures to reduce production costs on 10-15%, increase the share of local processing of raw materials into finished products, the creation of competitive products that meets the requirements of international standards.
Increasing of the range and improving the quality of knitwear, the expansion of technological possibilities of knitting machines by improving the technology of plush knitwear is an important, scientific and practical problem for the textile and clothing industry. To solve these problems there is a need of development of new approaches to the production in technology of high-quality knitted products from new kinds of plush structure and effective using of local raw materials.
This dissertation is focused on the performance of tasks arising from President's Resolutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PP-1442 from 15 December 2010, "On the priorities of industrial development of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015" and the Cabinet of Ministers dated August 2, 2012 №234 «About additional measures in increasing the range and production of non-food goods in 2012-2015."of innovative technologies in processing of local raw materials.
Purpose of the research. Improving the knitting quality indicators by gaining of new plush structures and effective using of local raw materials, as well as expansion of technological capabilities of knitting machines.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
a high-productivity producing way of plated plush knitted fabric on circular double knitting machines was developed;
the technological solutions of reducing and effective using of raw materials in the development of various structures plush knitwear have been recommended;
a method of producing inlaid plush knitted fabric with elongated broach have been recommended;
the structure and producing way of the double-faced plush knitwear on plane stitch base was developed;
a technology of producing of plated and inlaid plush knitted fabric on base of double-laid stitsh, derivative stitches without vertical displacement of loops and on base of double-face fleecy stitch on purl machine was worked out, structure and a way of development of doublc-fase plush knitting on the basis of rib structure 2+2 arc developed;
the technology of production of cotton-silk plush knitted fabrics, in which the ground thread is a silk yam, and plush thread is a cotton yam, was worked out;
a new method of calculation for determining the plush thread tension in knitting process considering backstay force and friction between the ground and plush yams was recommended.
Conclusion
The dissertational work on the basis of theoretical and experimental researches in the field of technology of producing of new range of plush fabrics on single and double needles machines, new methods and technological development, which arc essential for improving the efficiency of production processes and the quality of finished products arc offered. As a result, the following:
1. A high-productivity producing way of plated plush knitted fabric on double circular knitting machines, a producing way of a inlay plush knitted fabric with elongated broach, the structure and producing way of the doublc-facc plush knitwear on plane stitch base and rib 2 +2 stitch base arc developed;
2. A theoretical analysis of the plush structure knitting process on double circular machines shown that the main reasons of defects arc caused by violation in feeding operation, dropping of plush sinker loop, connection of loops.
3. The technological solutions of reduce material consumption of the plush structure, produced on the base of basic, derivatives and combined structures were found. The optimal structural parameters of plush jersey were offered.
4. The structure and technology of producing of plush knitted fabric on the base of purl stitch without vertical displacement of loops, which has less plush sinker loops on the surface of fabric, as well as of inlay plush knitted fabric with elongated plush sinker loops on the base of two-layer structure were developed;
5. The technology of production of cotton-silk knitted plush, where as a ground thread silk yam used, and as plush thread cotton yam used was developed and the dependence between the linear density of ground and plush threads and parameters and physical-mechanical properties of knitted plush were found.
6. It is established that by using a silk yam as a ground thread knitted plush's surface density reduced on 5%, the volume density on 11% and the abrasion resistance increases on 23%, strength by wale is doubled, and by course is increased on 29% and shape stability in comparison with the basic structure is increased.
7. The formula for determining the plush thread tension in considering looping backstay force and friction between the ground and plush threads was offered and the fact that estimated value of the plush thread tension does not differ from the experimental much allows to use by recommended formula at determining the tension of the plush thread in knitting process.
8. For durability options it was recommended to use the results of yam testing before its break, where the dependence between the time of damage and the tension on a logarithmic scale is presented as linear regression equation.
9. The economic effect from the proposed technology of production of weft plated plush fabric is 677,530 sums at the 1 ton of raw material processing. At the knitting plant, which has 8-10 Pailung (Taiwan) circular knitting machines and processing 240 tons raw materials, economic benefit is 162 million sums a year.

The topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Carried out epidemiological investigations during the last 15 years in many countries showed that the risk of epilepsy in person approximately around -1% begins in the period of time from birth to 20 year old, and also this indication decreasing from 20 to 55 age but increasing tendency observe after 55 age. In 75 years old 3% people from all of population subjected in risk of epilepsy and in 10% people the risk of developing unit attack. The main risk of developing epilepsy in all population is 1%. (The incidence of epilepsy significantly decreasing in adults (approximately 25/100 000), but then increasing in mature age: the second focus comes in elderly age)21. According to the directed research of world epilepsy diagnose and effective treatment of epilepsy paying a great attention especially in old and elderly age epileptic paroxysms, etiopathogcnctic structure and also for problem of treatment.
In our countries during independent years the quality of Health Care System is developing and carrying out reversing measures, including to diagnose epilepsy and anxious-depressive disturbances and achieved to a good results of treatment.
In the world and region’s degree the epilepsy of old and elderly age and epileptic paroxysms, also etiopathogcnctic structure and treatment problem arc important for investigation. Above mentioned and there for take into consideration to the region conditions epilepsy in old and elderly age patients, identify the features of their brain vascular system, to increase a complex of effective therapy against anxiety in epileptic patients with developing factors of disease pathogenesis, to increase efficacy of anticonvulsive monotherapy with valproic acid preparations, carbamazcpin and lamotrizhdin in elderly epileptic patients and to produce of practical invitation in prevent complications of disease and also to argument the reference of important recommendation in dynamic peculiarities of plasmic concentration of anticonvulsant remedies (e.g. valproic acid) in elderly epileptic patients.
The authorization of President Republic of Uzbekistan in November 28, 2011 year, PP-№-1652 “The measure about the deepening reformation Health Care Systems in Republic of Uzbekistan “ were approved the scientific objective solving according to this dissertation research.
The aim of the research. Determination of prevalence, clinic-diagnostic features and improvement of epilepsy treatment tactics in elderly and old age.
Scientific novelty in the result of research is following as a result of the work etiopathogcnctic structure was verified and clinic-neurophysiological features of elderly and old age epileptic patients in comparison with young patients were revealed. Additional data on epilepsy prevalence in elderly and old age patients were received. This research made it possible to reveal age features of epilepsy development in elderly and old age patients. Analysis of antiepileptic therapeutic efficacy in elderly and old age epileptic patients was performed. For the first time association of epileptic course with accompanying somatic pathology (cardiovascular insufficiency, broncho pulmonary pathology and others) was analyzed in elderly and old age patients. On the basis of the received data population mathematic modeling with individual dosage and prognosis of changes of anticonvulsants concentration in changing of dosage regimen was performed in epileptic patients of elderly and old age.
On the basis of the data of therapeutic medicinal monitoring reliable differences of pharmacokinetics of the last generation anticonvulsants in elderly and young patients were shown.
CONCLUSIONS
1. In general population of epileptic patients the number of elderly age persons (of 60-70 years) with symptomatic form made 89,3%, with partial cryptogenic 8,1% and generalized idiopathic - 2,7%.
2. Phone factors of epilepsy in elderly patients were most often vascular diseases of the brain (85,74%), CCT (10%), operated tumors of the brain (4,7) and alcoholism (1,42%).
3. Most often in patients of elderly age complex partial attacks without secondary generalization (in 55%) were observed. In elderly aged patients suffering from epilepsy from childhood or in young age, older than55 years dynamics of attacks rate hadn’t been noted in 37.9% patients, decreasing of attacks took place in 34.5% patients, acceleration or transformation of types of attacks in 27.6% patients.
4. In elderly aged patients with epilepsy, epileptic activity was manifested reliably more seldom, than in patients of younger age. By the MRT results in patient of elderly age predominated diffuse changes compare to normal data in young age patients.
5. Detected characteristics plasmaconcentration of valproic depending on age, in elderly age efficiency of concentration valproic is higher in blood serum than in young and average age, the evidence of delayed process of discharging the preparation from the body of elderly patients and requires to be careful in use of 24 hours doses.
6. It is revealed that according to the data of anamnesis in adequate to modem therapeutic conception, treatment of epilepsy was carried out in more than a half (56,4%) of elderly patients, including the use of insufficient doses and inadequate formula of anticonvulsants administration (24,8% of patients), unmotivated anticonvulsants administration of second and third term choice administration (8,7% of patients), polytherapy as a starting therapy (4,03% of patients) 28 (18,8%) elderly patients with earlier made diagnosis didn’t receive antiepileptic therapy.
7. The conclusion according to EEG and ncurovisualization in the studied elderly patients more than twice revealed bilateral interest in the genesis of the disease as in patients of both young and middle age latcralizcd forms of epileptic process predominated.
8. In cases of generalized convulsive paroxysms post attack symptomatic (spoor, confusion, sleepiness) predominate reliably in elderly group and seldom in young and middle age groups.
9. Sufficient difference is revealed in frequency of presented cerebral hemodynamic disturbances in patients with their prevalence in the main group.

The urgency and relevance of the topic of the dissertation. The processes of globalization, the formation of new regional centers, in the form of large agglomerations, growth poles and special economic zones, have contributed to increasing competition to attract investment, highly skilled workforce, advanced infrastructure projects, and others. The large regional centers, which account for 75% of world GDP, about 58% of export and 76% of the investments27, force other regions and countries of the world to provide regional policy aimed at maintaining competitive advantages and improving competitiveness.
In our country from the first days of independence targeted regional policy carried out, institutional reforms implemented, measures of the spatial development of the territories had been taken, targeted integrated territorial programs were implemented, and others. At the same time further “improvement of the territorial structure of our economy will maximize and provide efficient use of large, not yet claimed resources and economic opportunities to eliminate existing territorial imbalances, and that is especially important at the present stage, to reduce unemployment”2 .
As an experience of successful developed and developing countries (Japan, USA, Germany, UK, China, and others) shows, the competitiveness of the country is entirely dependent on the level of competitiveness of economy of regions which develop their economy within their borders, maintaine an overall infrastructure, initiate new methods of deepening of inter-regional and inter-territorial integration. The influence of external factors and competition pushed the regions to more efficient use of their economic potential, social capital and existing hidden competitive advantages.
In this regard, the study of factors affecting the competitiveness of regions is new in the science of regional economy. However, the theoretical and methodological basis of the research of the competitiveness of the regions of Uzbekistan has not yet been sufficiently systematized and has based mainly on the concepts of territorial production complexes, economic division into districts, development and accommodation of productive forces.
This points to the need to study the methodological and practical aspects of the problem, especially in terms of developing strategic visions and policy measures to modernize and diversify the economy of the country and its regions. Trends and prospects for economic and social development of the country, folding in the world economy, confirm that “in a sharply increasing competition in world markets priority is given to the cardinal increase of the competitiveness of our economy, increase support for exporting companies, fully promote the participation in the export of farm, small business and private entrepreneurship”29.
The results of the dissertation in a certain extent contribute to the implementation of the tasks set in the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 15, 2010 “About the priorities of industrial development of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015”, in the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 6, 2015 “About the Program of measures for structural reforms, modernization and diversification of production in 2015-2019”, in the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 5, 2015 “On the Program of measures of reduction of energy consumption, introduction of energy saving technologies in industries of economic and social development in the years 2015-2019”, in the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 5, 2016 “About the measures for further improvement of the procedures for the development of urban planning documentation for the development and construction of the cities and townships”.
The purpose of the research is enhancement of methodology and methodological foundations of the process of management of improvement of the competitiveness of regions and development of measures and mechanisms for the effective use of economic potential, social capital and hidden competitive advantages of the regions of Uzbekistan.
Scientific novelty of the research include the following:
a method of assessment of the competitive potential of the region in its factorial and productive aspects was developed, which allows to determine the effectiveness of the use of natural and economic potential, social capital and of the hidden competitive advantages of regions; 
methodical approaches of economic diagnostics of regional competitiveness arc presented on the base of systematic study of factors and usage of highly integrated assessment of autonomous factors of economic growth, degree of modernization and diversification of the business environment and opening up of the economy;
a method of evaluation of asymmetry of economic development and its impact on the competitiveness of regions was developed, which allowed to identify dominant factors of competitiveness from the perspective of imitation and innovation capacity of the regions;
systemic measures for the implementation of short, medium and long-term objectives to improve the competitiveness of the region were proposed, through the application of a new conceptual framework that allowed to explore the interaction of many different phenomena and processes, manage and self-organizing factors;
an organizational-functional diagram of the process of control of the process of improvement of competitiveness of regions by structuring tasks of strategic management, monitoring and coordination was proposed.
The results of the research outlined in the dissertation allow to make the following conclusions:
1. Scientific and theoretical study of the competitiveness of regions shows its multifactor and diversity, covering a range of social and economic processes and phenomena that have a multiplicative and synergetic effects on various aspects of development. Therefore, the competitiveness of the regions should be assessed on a systematic basis and dynamics, taking into consideration both managed and selforganizing factors.
2. The findings of the competitive potential of the regions show that for the formation of a more consolidated picture, it is necessary to investigate separately both its factorial and productive parts, which will provide a better understanding of the complex and multifaceted concept of competitiveness of regions, including economic, technological and social resources and opportunities.
3. Research of driven and self-organizing factors of regional competitiveness, in terms of their orientation to the “process”, “object”, “project” and “environment”, confirms the feasibility of object-oriented model for efficient use of available natural resources and raw materials. For the rational use of the economic potential of the regions object-oriented and project-oriented models of economic growth must be equally used. The research also argued the feasibility of process-oriented and environment-oriented models to improve the competitiveness of the regions by improving the business environment factors.
4. The results of economic diagnostics show that a premature focus of technologically backward economy of the region on the “innovative development” can lead to inefficient spendings (costs). Selecting an innovative model of development is justified in regions where there is clearly positive correlation of economic growth with endogenous factors (the presence of high-tech industries, an effective system of economic governance, a favorable business climate, etc.).
5. The results of evaluation on the basis of endogenous growth model of regions, developed by the author, suggest that investment in the development of the primary industries in the long term greater contribute to economies of scale and lower - to harnessing of intensive growth factors. Unlike other regions, the effect of endogenous factors on the growth on Tashkent, Samarkand, Namangan and Khorezm regions is more significant, as their growth of fixed capital corresponds to the rate of economic growth.
6. In order to develop high-tech and innovative industries in the regions, it is necessary to consider the development of an innovative in complex - both on the demand side and the supply side. To do this, it is nessesary to take a special (pilot) program (initially for the cities of Tashkent, Samarkand and Andijan) to accelerate the application of high-tech equipment to overcome the relatively high material and energy intensity of production. The program should also cover the issues of improving the quality of workforce and human resource capacity, improving the system of professional education and distribution frames.
7. The spatial aspects of economic development identified in the dissertation suggests insufficient use of the potential of rural areas to increase the level of industrialization of the regions. In this regard, it is advisable to use the international experience of integrated rural development and urban settlements, based on the integration of agricultural production with industrial processing and market types of services, including outsourcing. The dissertation proposed appropriate measures for the creation and development of small industrial zones through activization of local entrepreneurial capacity.
8. Evaluation of industrial development of areas points to the need of creation of favorable conditions for the deployment of capacities for deep processing of local raw materials, which in turn, will overcome industrial backwardness and raise the standard of living in regions. To this end, based on the identified targets (Chapter 4), mainly, secondary industries, on the basis of prevailing in a particular territory of competitiveness factors should be developed.
9. Development of special economic zones, high-tech-oriented release and export of products related to the value chain up to the finished product, will form the basis for the formation of regional clusters. To do this, it is necessary to: take pragmatic measures aimed at expanding business activities, especially those related to the creation and implementation of innovations; provide incentives to producers of innovative products; and create conditions for regional integration of small businesses and large industrial enterprises.
10. The results of evaluation of the contribution of the factors of urbanization in improving the competitiveness of the regions on the example of small and medium-sized cities indicate the presence of unused reserves of economic growth. This points to the need for a special program of economic development of small and medium-sized cities in the long term, taking into account the effective use of their capacities and comparative advantages.
11. The asymmetry of the backlog in the number of regions (Republic of Karakalpakstan, Jizzakh, Surkhandarya, Namangan regions) occurs, and is exacerbated by the raw material orientation of their economies, non-compliance of investment activity to economic and natural potential of regions, as well as the concentration of large industrial enterprises just in several districts. The institutional aspects of the solution of this problem indicates the need for the system (relevant) actions in the framework of long-term development strategy of regions.
12. In a number of regions of Uzbekistan productivity growth lagged behind the pace of wage growth, which suggests the need to take measures of rapid modernization of production, of transposition of innovative ideas and technologies.
It is strategically important to reduce the energy intensity of the economy by accelerating the development of industries and products with high added value.
13. Existing differences in the level of socio-economic development of the regions, the heterogeneity of natural, social, demographic situations of the areas exclude the application of a uniform approach to the implementation of regional policy. Only an individual and holistic approach will allow to use effectively existing natural and economic potential and comparative advantages of the regions.
14. The study of organizational and functional bases of economic management in region points to the need for functional analysis of local authorities for: assessment of the extent of their independence in decision-making, identifying unnecessary and duplicating functions, the effectiveness of the decisions and their implementation. Identified barriers to organizing systematic work on improving the competitiveness of process management at the regional level, suggest the need for specificity and differentiation of rights and responsibilities of officers, functions of central and local government in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On state authority”.
15. According to the proposed organizational-functional scheme (Chapter 5), to improve the competitiveness of the regions, it is advisable to link objectives and operational management of current social and economic processes with the priorities of the long-term development of the regions. Provision of adaptability and flexibility of management requires streamlining administrative functions and tasks into a single logical chain. On this basis, it is necessary the functional activity of the organization of local government organize in three directions: 1) strategic management; 2) monitoring of the implementation of the strategic objectives; 3) coordination.
16. According to the proposed conceptual scheme, an implementation of systemic measures proposed to held in three stages. At the first stage the concept of socio-economic development of regions up to 2030 is developing, which specifies the basic principles and approaches of regional development, based on the nature and specifics of development. At the second stage the strategic vision of the development of the regions is developing, which specifies the possible impact of external and internal factors, as well as scenarios of long-term development of regions. And finally, at the third stage specific strategies, long-term programs and thematic projects arc developing. The thesis argued the need to make appropriate changes in legislative acts that define functions, status and tasks of the Khokimiyat and the Council of people's deputies (Kcngash).

The topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation.The experience of industrialized countries of the world shows conclusively that small business is one of the basic elements of a market economy and largely determines economic growth rates, the structure and quality of the gross national product. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), ‘over the past 30 years, the share of small business in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developed countries has reached nearly 70%, having increased from 38% to 52% in the USA, from 47% to 55% in Japan, from 58% to 67% in the EU countries as a whole; and the share of small businesses in the total number of enterprises in these countries does not fall below 92.5%. Small business takes on enormous importance in providing workplaces to population. In recent years, the number of those employed in small business equals 54% of total employment in the United States, 78% in Japan, and 72% on average in the countries of the European Union51.
Key attention has been paid to the development of small business in our country since the first years of independence. Small business has become a kind of driving force to ensure high rates of stable growth of the national economy and employment of ever-increasing working-age population, “...it is necessary to ensure that small and medium-sized business and private enterprise occupy not only a decisive position in the production of the gross domestic product, but also become an important factor in increasing the well-being and income of the population, and solving the problem of unemployment.”
Putting the principles set forth in the ILO Decent Work Agenda into the practice of small businesses - ensuring the right to work, social protection of workers, harmonization of social and labor relations based on social partnership arc the dictates of the present time. The Programme on implementation of decent work principles in the sectors of national economy, including small businesses, signed between the Government of Uzbekistan and the ILO for the years 2014-2016 brought about the ample opportunities for further improvement of working conditions, strengthening social protection of workers, and a social dialogue between workers and employers with the participation of the state.
Long-term forecasts define the development of small business as a priority direction of economic policy, as three quarters of the employed labor force accounts for a small business. Today, the share of small business in the GDP of Uzbekistan constitutes 56.7%; a third of industrial products and 98% of agricultural output arc manufactured in this sector, and 77% of the employed population work in business entities53. Full implementation of the principles of decent work, particularly in small business, and improvement of social and labor relations associated with it arc becoming increasingly important, which determines the timeliness and necessity of the subject of the doctoral thesis.
This thesis research, to a certain extent, conduced fulfillment of the tasks defined in Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No.UP-4725 “On measures to ensure reliable protection of private property, small business and private entrepreneurship, the removal of barriers to their rapid development” dated May 15, 2015 and Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated No.232 “On improvement of the mechanism of stimulation of small business development” dated May 28, 1998, and other legal documents related to this activity.
The purpose of the research - development of scientific, practical and methodological proposals and recommendations that arc directed to provide employment to population in small business entities basing on the concept of “Decent work”.
Scientific novelty of the results of the study includes the following:
in order to improve the quality, efficiency and professional competitiveness of youth employment, proposals on improvement of the mechanism of creating jobs limited by quota were developed;
“Nomenclature of indicators of decent work in small business” and “Methods of assessment of indicators of decent work”, aimed at the calculation and comparison of the labor indicators on the macro and micro levels, based on international standards, were developed;
an effective and expeditious means of providing employment for noncompetitive social groups based of the conception of decent work in form of creating virtual workplaces for small business entities was substantiated;
a proposal aimed at the creation of highly productive jobs through development of innovative work in the field of small business, formation of internal business structures at large enterprises through the use of the principles of decent work.
The research studies conducted in the thesis allowed us to develop proposals and recommendations aimed at increasing decent employment in small business:
1. Bringing legal framework in line with the interests of private property for the legal protection of rights and guaranties of business entities and private owners, formation of the system of strong legal norms and guarantees of property rights, enhancing the role of the judiciary in these matters, in order to increase the responsibility for illegal interference in the economic and financial activities of the structures of small businesses, it is reasonable to develop a suitable legal instrument - the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On small business and private enterprise.”
2. Given the fact that information and communication technologies in the country arc rapidly developing, “E-govcmment” system is being effectively implemented, and creating virtual workplaces is becoming one of prospective directions in provision of productive employment. This form employment is fully consistent with the principles of the Decent Work Agenda.
3. In order to modernize the economy and increase the export potential of the country, it is offered to facilitate the creation of high-tech-based small businesses that would specialize in deep processing of products, provision of services, which will facilitate development and improvement of their activities.
4. In small business, it is advisable to implement recruitment and flexible working hours, meeting the interests of both employers and employees on the basis of the principles of decent work on a large scale. In this regard, the territorial bodies promoting decent work arc provided with a solution of organizational and economic task of providing employment, which will result in social and economic efficiency.
5. It is proposed to create regional trust funds for the quota of jobs for young people in small business. The necessity of compliance of new jobs created with international standards will contribute to the target use of the funds allocated for this purpose and improve their effectiveness.
6. “Nomenclature of indicators of decent work in small business” and “Methods of assessment of indicators of decent work” developed in the thesis enable scientific evaluation mechanisms for the creation of new jobs in small business.
7. Introduction of the concept of decent work has promoted broadening powers, improvement of solutions of organizational and legal problems in the activities of “Labour Inspection” operating at the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection and the “Commission for the Protection of Labour” at the Federation of Trade Unions.
8. Implementation of the principles of decent work in the formation of social and labor relations implies a target of certification of workplaces to ensure technological processes safety, regulation of working hours and rest period, etc., which will allow to improve social and labor relations in the workplace.
9. In providing employment, it is necessary to focus not only on the existence of jobs, but also on their productivity. In this regard, it is necessary to take into account regional peculiarities of social and labor relations in the process of exploring ways to introduce the principles of decent work in small businesses.
10. In order to improve youth employment in the sphere of small business and entrepreneurship, taking into account current and expected demographic trends, it is advisable to develop and improve the information base for an intensive search for job vacancies in the activities of the Republican Center for Employment Promotion, through the application of information technologies.

Topicality and demand of dissertation subject. According to the world health organization, each year more than 500 thousand patients with cervical cancer is detected in the world and in many countries it is 15-25 new cases per 100 thousand population . At this disease annually kills 270 thousand women. By 2050, the world health organization predicts 1 million new cases of cervical cancer annually. At some time the share of developing countries account for 80% of deaths from this disease. In many countries, there is an increase of cervical cancer even before the age of 30 years. The development of pathological conditions in the cervix - a complicated and lengthy process, many aspects of which have not been studied. In this regard, the choice of research areas due to the progressive increase in patients with background and prccanccrous diseases of the cervix, their connection with various STIs, rejuvenation of this disease, delayed diagnosis, inadequate treatment. This in turn can cause a rapid transition of background illnesses in conjunction with STIs in malignant cervical lesions, followed by death. Immunological changes during pre-canccrous cervical disease symptoms arc typical of secondary immunodeficiency. Secondary immunodeficiency states - the most important biomedical problems of our time. In addition, immunological changes arc of particular interest as a substrate fabric background change is taking an active part in the implementation of local immune response.
Along with the complexity of the diagnosis and the difficulties observed in the treatment of prccanccrous cervical disease. You must use therapeutic regimens involving eliminating or reducing the impact of factors of occurrence, persistence and progression of the disease. This will pick up most correctly etiotropic treatment and achieve early positive results with the acceleration of reparative processes in female patients with precancerous cervical disease.
This research work corresponds to the objectives set out in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to further deepen the reform of the health system” from 28.11.2011, the numberof RP-1652-ie ensure wide availability and high quality medical care with modem requirements and standards. In this regard, the study of pathogenetic mechanisms of development and treatment of prccanccrous cervical disease, the clinical structure and the relationship of prccanccrous cervical disease with other urogenital infections, given the colposcopic, cytologic and histologic study of the lesions, as well as the state of immune and cytokine status, allow a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and improved treatment of prccanccrous cervical disease.
Purpose of research development of an integrated treatment of prccanccrous cervical disease in women with certain STIs on the basis of clinical, cytological and immunomorphological research.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the role of some of the sexually transmitted infections, in particular, Ur.Urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, ChL Trachomatis in the formation and progression of prccanccrous cervical disease such as dysplasia, ectopion, leukoplakia of the cervix.
examined clinical types of prccanccrous cervical disease based on colposcopic and cytological studies and identified some differences in patients with prccanccrous cervical disease, which were followed by STIs.
the first held with histological examination of the lesions in women with prccanccrous cervical disease, revealed a more significant violations at the cellular level in biopsies of patients with prccanccrous cervical disease when combined with certain STIs.
the state of cellular and humoral immunity to the definition of the content onkostatichcskih interleukins IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, identified deeper breach of these parameters in patients with prccanccrous diseases combined with an STIs.
on the basis of the research results suggested non-invasive treatment using an integrated approach, taking into account the clinical, immunological, morphological and cancer research, including in traditional therapy immunocorrector “Lavomax”,epithelisation and local products - candles “Depantol”, oil and «Farfiun.»
CONCLUSION
1. Women with certain STIs as urcaplasma (52,5%), chlamydia (33,6%) and their association with HPV type 16/18 (12,3%) detected cervical disease, pathology, accompanied by complications as inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, with their long-term persistence, the further progression of the disease.
2. When identified STIs increase the phenomenon of atypical picture for diseases of the cervix by colposcopy investigation, characterized by increased frequency indicators punctuation 40%, 50% mosaics and atypical vessels by 50%, reflecting a pronounced adverse effect on STIs cellular elements of the cervix.
3. Urcaplasma, chlamydial infection and its association with HPV 16/18 type, change the cytological characterization of the cells and nuclei, increased mctaplasization cells by 30%, neutrophil invasion by 40%, the appearance of basal reserve cells, which contributes to the progression and transformation of cervical disease more malignant forms.
4. Morphology of cervical disease STIs expressed the emergence of intraepithelial leukocytes, increasing nckobiozis and necrosis, diffuse infiltration of leukocytes and lymphocytes, an increase in mitotic activity of cells, and ultimately these phenomen to diffuse damage to the lining of the cervix.
5. Mucosal lesions of the cervix, urogenital infections (urcaplasmosis, chlamydia), histologically characterized by the appearance of large perinuclear inclusions, increased mitotic activity, marked disorganization of connective tissue submucosal layer, which is not determined in biopsies of the cervix is not associated with STIs.
6. STD diseases of the cervix occur against the background of violations in the immune system manifested decreased functional activity of cellular and humoral immunity enhancement that suggest the strengthening of the inflammatory process and increase their cytotoxic activity to tumor cells.
7. Immune - cytokine system in diseases of the cervix, combined with STIs have certain differences, reflected a decrease in the functional activity of cellular and humoral immunity enhancement, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a) 1,5 and 2,5 times in combination with STIs, than without them. This imbalance immunity indices corresponds diagnosed cervical intraepithelial damage.
8. The developed method of treatment of patients with prccanccrous cervical disease, including a range of traditional drug therapy immunocorrecting “Lavomax”, local therapy in the form of candles “Depantol”, oil “Farfiun” have a positive therapeutic effect, reduce the time of treatment and help restore violations the immune system of the body.

Importance and relevance of the dissertation topic. Classical potential theory is based on Laplace operator and class of subharmonic functions. Built in the 80s of last century, the pluripotcntial thcoryis related with nonlinear Monge -Ampcre operator and plurisubharmonic functions. The pluripotential theory is intensively developing and has a numerous applications in the geometry of manifolds, in Einstein’s theory of relativity, in particular, to prove the existence of Einstein metrics in the theory of PDE. Naturally, there is a need to study the original extension of the class of phirisubharmonic functions and construction of potential theory for such extensions is actual direction of the complex analysis.
The class of plurisubharmonic functions is a subclass of subharmonic functions. It is naturally to study original extensions of the class of plurisubharmonic functions and construction of potential theory for such extensions.
To construct a theory which covers both classical potential theory and pluripotcntial theory it was expected using operators in hessians which generalize both Laplace operator and nonlinear Monge-Ampcrc operator. However, it was not known until recently a class of functions which expected potential theory will based on. In studying Dirichlet problem for equation in hessians was introduced a notion of class of m-subharmonic functions which was suitable class for constructing potential theory, it plays same role in the solution of equations in hessians as the class of plurisubharmonic functions for Monge-Ampcrc equation. Therefore, it is important deep investigation of the class of m-subharmonic functions, also the class of weakly m-subharmonic functions, in particular, establishment of potential-capacity properties of these classes.
The relevance of the scientific direction of the dissertation is also characterized by the fact that, in the dissertation justified the potential theory, which based on the operators in hessians, developed a method of solution of Dirichlet problem in the class of m-subharmonic and weakly m-subharmonic functions, proved m-subharmonicity of supremum of m-subharmonic functions and (m-1) subharmonicity of restriction of m-subharmonic functions on the hypcrplanc. Definition of weakly m-subharmonic functions which subharmonic in complex planes, proof of their potential-capacity properties, quasi-continuity of m-subharmonic functions, comparison principle, continuity of operators in hessian for a standard approximations and proof of other fundamental theorems arc important results of the dissertation.
The estimates of main characteristic functions of Nevanlinna’s theory, a simple description of m-convex hull in Riemann geometry, an application of the theory of m-subharmonic functions in establishing criteria of pluriharmonicity (analogue of Lelong’s theorem) and in series of applications of theories of m-subharmonic and weakly m-subharmonic functions in multidimensional complex analysis indicates importance and relevance of the dissertation topic.
Aim of research is constructing potential theory on m-subharmonic functions, proving potential properties of weakly m-subharmonic functions and demonstrating of applications of constructed theory to problems of multidimensional complex and harmonic analysis.
Scientific novelty of the research. The dissertation work is a new scientific direction. In it:
m-subharmonicity of supremum in the class of m-subhanninic functions and (m-l)-subharmonicity of restriction on complex hypcrplanes were proved;
A complete construction of potential theory based on hessian operator which includes well-known classical and complex potential theory was given;
Important potential-capacity properties of subharmonic on complex planes weakly m-subharmonic functions were introduced and studied;
The methods of solution of Dirichlet problem in the class of m-subharmonic and weakly m-subharmonnic functions was developed;
Quasicontinuity and comparing principle for m-subharmonic functions were proved;
Continuity of operators in hessians and other fundamental theorems of potential theory in the class of m-subharmonic functions were proved.
CONCLUSION
The main obtained results of the investigation arc following:
1. The m - subhannonicity of supreme in the class of m - subharmonic functions and m - subhannonicity of restriction to the complex hypcrplane were proved;
2. The notion of condenser capacity in the class of m - subharmonic functions was introduced and a series of important properties of capacity were proved;
3. Quasicontinuity and comparing principle for m - subhannonic functions were proved;
4. Convergence of currents for a standard approximations and fundamental theorems of the potential theory in the class of m - subharmonic functions were proved;
5. The class of weakly m - subharmonic functions was defined and a series of potential properties of this class were proved;
6. The method of application of the class of m - subharmonic functions in multidimensional complex analysis and potential theory was developed. In particular, in Nevanlinna’s theory - to estimate characteristic functions, in convex geometry — to describe m-convex hulls, in theory of pluriharmonic functions — to set pluriharmonicity of functions (analogue of Lelon’s theorem).
In general, the obtained results allow us to speak about achieving the goals of research of dissertation work. Constructed potential theory in the class of m -subharmonic functions is a new research direction which has an important application in Nevanlinna’s theory, in complex projective space, in theory of nonlinear elliptic equations and etc.

Actuality and demand of the theme of dissertation. Algebraic instruments are very useful in the study of elementary particles in quantum mechanics, the properties of solids and crystals, in the analysis of model problems of the economics, in the problems of population biology, etc. Since associative algebras defined by specific identity, have been considered when identifying properties of closeness with respect to the usual multiplication of square matrices, further development of algebras leads to the theory of alternative, Lie and Jordan algebras, which are very closely related to each others and have many connection with different areas of mathematics. Since Leibniz algebras are generalizations of Lie algebras, many results of the theory of Lie algebras have been extended to Leibniz algebras. One of the priority directions of research related to this subject is to prove analogues of theorems of the Lie algebras theory in the Leibniz algebras case and to investigate of the inherent properties of Leibniz algebras which are not valid for Lie algebras.
From the classical theory of Lie algebras it is known that an arbitrary finitedimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero is decomposed into the semi-direct sum of maximal solvable ideal and its semi-simple subalgebra. On the other hand finite dimensional Leibniz algebras are also decomposed into the semidirect sum of the maximum solvable ideal and a semi-simple Lie algebra. The investigation of solvable algebras with some special types of nilradicals comes from different problems in physics. Therefore, similarly to Lie algebras, the investigation of solvable Leibniz algebras with given nilradical is one of the actual problems.
Recall that the class of nilpotent Lie algebras is the special subclass of solvable algebras. Since the description of all nilpotent Lie algebras seems too complicated, their study should be carried out with additional restrictions. In particular, in the investigation of nilpotent algebras one of the main restrictions is to restriction to the index of nilpotency. It should be noted that the maximal nilindex for Lie algebras coincides with the dimension of the algebra, and such type of algebras are called filiform algebras. Though, filiform Leibniz algebras have a relatively simple restriction in the class of nilpotent algebras, they have a sufficiently complicated structure, which is convenient to investigate with an additional condition of gradation. The effectiveness of the maximal gradation specify that it most accurately provides information about the structure constants of the algebra in the multiplication table.
The notions of degeneration, contraction and deformation of the algebra appeared from physics. Namely, the notion of contraction of Lie algebras in physical terms means: two physical models are related by a limiting process, under the action of the associated invariants groups. Deformations characterize the local behavior in a small neighborhood in the variety of given type objects. Thus, the study of the deformations of these algebras is a special case of the study of the local geometric properties of varieties. According to algebraic geometry an algebraic variety is a union of irreducible components. The closures of orbits of  rigid algebras give the irreducible components of the variety. That is why the finding of rigid algebras is a crucial problem from the geometrical point of view. The main reason for the demand of the theme of the dissertation is a close relationship of Leibniz algebras and their cohomological properties with the problems of Jordan, Lie algebras and their other generalizations.
Motivation of studying Lie superalgebras as a generalization of Lie algebras came from supersymmetry in mathematical physics. The theory of Lie superalgebras has established itself as a universal subject in modern algebra. Leibniz superalgebras are generalizations of Leibniz algebras and, on the other hand, they naturally generalize Lie superalgebras. Thus, the investigation of Leibniz superalgebras should take place to some parallel studies of these varieties. Similarly to Leibniz algebras, the study of finite-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz superalgebras with the maximal index of nilpotency and Leibniz superalgebras with nilindex equal to the dimension of the superalgebras, is an actual problem.
The aim of the research is the development of the structure theory of finitedimensional complex Leibniz algebras and their derivations, further development of the theory of degeneration and deformation of non-associative algebras and the description of nilpotent Leibniz superalgebras.
Scientific novelty consists of the following:
a characterization of the nilpotency of finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras in terms of Leibniz derivations is obtained;
non-characteristically nilpotent filiform Leibniz algebras and n - dimensional filiform Leibniz algebras of length n-1 are classified;
it is shown that the classical result of the decomposition of a semi-simple Lie algebra into a direct sum of simple ideals is not true for Leibniz algebras;
description of four dimensional complex Leibniz algebras is obtained, and five-dimensional complex solvable algebra Leibniz with three-dimensional nilradical are classified;
classification of solvable algebra Leibniz, whose nilradical is the direct sum of the null-filiform ideals is obtained;
classification of algebras of level one and a description of algebras of level two in the varieties of finite-dimensional complex associative, Jordan and Lie algebras are obtained;
the second cohomology groups of null-filiform Leibniz algebras are described, and a description of infinitesimal deformations of naturally graded filiform Leibniz algebras is obtained;
classification of null-filiform and filiform complex Leibniz superalgebras with nilindex n+m is obtained;
Leibniz superalgebras with the nilindex n+m are described and it is proved that, Leibniz superalgebras except null-filiform and filiform Leibniz superalgebras and Leibniz superalgebras with characteristic sequence (n | m-1, 1), have nilindex strictly less than n+m.
CONCLUSION
1. Properties of certain semi-simple Leibniz algebras are obtained and it is shown that the classical result on decomposition of a semi-simple Lie algebra into a direct sum of simple ideals is not true for Leibniz algebras.
2. A characterization of the nilpotency of finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras is obtained and it is proved that Leibniz algebra is nilpotent if and only if it admits invertible Leibniz-derivation.
3. Classifications of non-characteristically nilpotent filiform Leibniz algebras and n - dimensional filiform Leibniz algebras of length n-1 are obtained.
4. A description of four complex Leibniz algebras up to isomorphism is obtained and five-dimensional complex solvable Leibniz algebras with three-dimensional nilradical are classified.
5. A classification of solvable Leibniz algebras, whose nilradical is the direct sum of the null-filiform ideals is obtained.
6. Certain results on degeneration of solvable Leibniz algebras are obtained, and it is proved that if the algebra degenerates to another one, then the dimension of nilradical of the second algebra is less than the dimension of the nilradical of the first one.
7. Algebras of lowest level are investigated, and classified the algebras of the level one. A description of algebras of the level two in the varieties of finitedimensional complex associative, Jordan and Lie algebras is obtained.
8. Infinitesimal deformations of Leibniz algebras are investigated and the description of second cohomology groups of null-filiform Leibniz algebras is obtained. It is proved that closure of the union of orbits of single-generated Leibniz algebras forms an irreducible component of the variety of Leibniz algebras.
9. A description of infinitesimal deformations of naturally graded filiform Leibniz algebras is obtained;
10. A classification of complex Leibniz superalgebras with nilindex n+m is obtained and it is proved that Leibniz superalgebras except null-filifom and filiform Leibniz superalgebras and Leibniz superalgebras with characteristic sequence (n | m-1, 1), have nilindex less than n+m
The results of the dissertation have theoretical character. The main results and methods presented in the work can be used in investigations of other algebras and superalgebras, in the theory of categories, in the study of algebras with various types of gradation, in calculation of cohomology and homology groups and in investigation of various processes in theoretical physics.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1998 worldwide was diagnosed about 100 million. Men with erectile dysfunction, in 2005 the figure was 400 million, and by 2025 the number of cases could reach 900 million. According to the World, epidemiological study of sexual attitudes and behavior (Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors - GSSAB) studies have 13618 people in 29 countries, the prevalence of premature ejaculation ranged from 12.4 to 30.5%'.
Indicated allows us to conclude that sexual dysfunction is generally not only medical and social problem. In connection with the early diagnosis of sexual dysfunction (SD), as well as medical tactics at extremely relevant.
It is also necessary to say that in today's reality, the actuality of the diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction in men is caused by a lack of consensus on the definition of premature ejaculation (PE), the generally accepted diagnostic criteria and highly sensitive method of diagnosis, effective treatment methods that achieve lasting therapeutic effect. As for erectile dysfunction (ED), the treatment of which still do not exist, «the gold standard» drugs of choice are inhibitors of PDE-5 type, but they are not without drawbacks, and not all patients are shown. Therefore, in the treatment of ED and finding new applications of high-performance products it is an urgent task.
A sufficiently high degree of subjectivity in the evaluation of patients of their condition makes it necessary quantification of symptoms on a scale with a scoring system. There are a variety of questionnaires for self-completion, which can take advantage of the physician during the examination of the patient to determine the frequency and severity of symptoms and their impact on daily activities, the state of sexual function and other general or specific features of the disease, affecting the quality of life. By focusing on the symptoms of sexual dysfunction, it is important to determine the scoring system, through which they can identify and trace the progression of the disease, to evaluate the effectiveness of various therapeutic agents and compare them.
Promising therapies for premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction should be effective and safe, providing process control ejaculation for a short course of treatment, pain-majority of patients. Unfortunately, at present, none of the existing drugs do not meet these requirements. In this connection, great interest is the development of combination drug therapy scheme inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 in combination with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), the most promising directions in the treatment of patients with premature ejaculation.
This dissertation research is the scientific solution of the tasks set by the State program of reforming the health care system (Presidential Decree № UP-2107 of 10 November 1998), providing for the improvement of the organization and location of the network of health care institutions, a gradual transition to a system of general practitioners ; improving the quality of medical services in primary health care and a number of public health care facilities, especially in rural areas; as well as (Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers «On the organization of activities of the republican specialized medical centers» №140 dated March 17, 2003), providing for fundamental and applied research individual health target under the national programs. In this regard, the need for simple and affordable methods of diagnosis and optimal methods of conservative treatment of patients with sexual disorders, races, put them into practice primary care, are one of the important criteria demand dissertation topic.
Aim of research was the further improvement of diagnostic methods and treatment of sexual dysfunction in men.
Scientific novelty of dissertation research consists of the following:
developed and tested on a large sample of patients a variant combination drug therapy for premature ejaculation using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine) in combination with an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (tadala-fil);
proved the highest efficiency of a combined drug therapy in the group of patients suffering from premature ejaculation at the age of 20-29 years;
developed a diagnostic tool - Uzbek index of premature ejaculation (UIPE) to identify and evaluate the treatments efficiency of male sexual dysfunction and created on- and offline electronic versions of the questionnaire UIPE;
developed a scheme of diagnosis and treatment of patients with premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction;
Conclusion
1. Designed for diagnosing premature ejaculation (Uzbek and Russian versions) questionnaire dichotomous scale, easy to use, have discriminant power, allowing individuals to identify premature ejaculation problems. However, its application as a method of self-study is not strictly specific.
2. The frequency of detecting the presence of premature ejaculation on the results of the questionnaire to the dichotomous scale urological surgeries among patients in various fields RSCU is 38.6%, in Andrology cabinet RSCU - 42.0%
3. The designed version (Uzbek and Russian) the questionnaire allow to reveal the male sexual disorders to determine their nature, form of premature ejaculation, and can be used for factor analysis of male sexual disorders.
4. The incidence of sexual dysfunction among the population of Tashkent is 39.0%. The incidence with presence of premature ejaculation consist of - 15.0%, erectile dysfunction - 11.9%, premature ejaculation combined with erectile dysfunction -12.1%.
5. In patients with premature ejaculation, combined with erectile dysfunction secondary form of premature ejaculation occurs 4.4 times more frequently than primary. In contrast, in patients with premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction without the primary form of premature ejaculation occurs 2.7 times more frequently than the secondary.
6. The high coefficient of interclass correlation developed versions (Uzbek and Russian) questionnaire UIPE exhibits excellent «interclass reliability», with high coefficient alpha - Cronbach indicates good «internal consistency» of the questionnaire.
7. Developed versions of the questionnaire UIPE are valid, reliable, efficient diagnostic tool to differentiate patients with premature ejaculation, exceeds to the diagnostic possibility of adopting the world's questionnaire PEDT, which allows to recommend them for use in clinical practice.
8. The developed version of the questionnaire UIPE have a high degree of sensitivity to changes, and can be a convenient tool for evaluating the efficiency of treatment of patients with premature ejaculation in terms of primary health care.
9. Confirmation of diagnostic efficiency developed in the on- and offline electronic versions of the questionnaire UIPE allows to use them not only for the remote diagnosis of premature ejaculation, but also in epidemiological studies.
10. Combined drug therapy of patients with premature ejaculation using SSRIs (fluoxetine) and a PDE-5 inhibitor (tadalafil) is more effective (1.2 and 2.8 times respectively; p<0.05), compared to a monotherapy, as an SSRI and PDE5 inhibitors.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. In 2012, there were 8.8 million ТВ cases in the world and 1.5 million cases ended in death1. The number of patients with MDR-TB is approximately 450 thousand, they often live several years before dying of tuberculosis. Therefore, the prevalence of MDR-TB can be three times as high as its frequency which supposedly allows estimating the number of MDR-TB patients’ more than 1 million people2. In many countries MDR-TB has become a serious public health problem that impedes effective ТВ control in the world. The level of drug resistance is as high as in the countries of the former Soviet Union.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of prevention, early detection and effective treatment of tuberculosis, programs recommended by the World Health Organization are implemented. As a result of these organized actions, conditions for the early detection of tuberculosis, profiling of drug resistance in the short terms with the help of molecular genetic rapid tests and effective treatment of patients were created.
In the past 10-12 years, in the Republic of Uzbekistan, including, Karakalpakstan, thanks to carried out complex large-scale ТВ control activities, morbidity rates have been reduced. Currently, particular attention is drawn to the high mortality rates from the consequences of the prevalence of tuberculosis and its resistant forms in the Republic of Karakalpakstan.
Improving rapid methods for detection of resistant forms of tuberculosis, and measures for the prevention of nosocomial transmission, improving the effectiveness of treatment of resistant forms, the use of less toxic and more effective new anti-ТВ drugs in the treatment of patients with multi and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, conducting clinical trials for approbation of shortened treatment regimes are the pressing problems of public health.
High rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Karakalpakstan, as well as advanced diagnostic and treatment requires a revision of the organizational principles of ТВ care to the population, improvement of anti-epidemic control measures for the prevention of nosocomial spread of the infection.
Furthermore, the need for improving the scientific basis of ТВ care, taking into account the prevalence of drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis on the basis of medical and organizational aspects and targets are the most important tasks. In this direction, justificating recommendations on using molecular genetic techniques to identify drug-resistant tuberculosis in Karakalpakstan from an organizational point of view and the development of locally adapted approaches to the process of organization of medical patients on an outpatient basis and justification of recommendations for the revision of the organizational principles are considered to be the most important scientific problems.
In the structure of scientific and organizational activities, which is advisable to conduct, justifying the possibility of a successful organization of the process of effective treatment of patients with drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis in outpatient settings, identifying the main factors affecting the long-term preservation of family foci of tuberculosis, such as drug resistancy of the source of infection in the outbreak, poor hygiene of living conditions and compliance of therapeutic and preventive measures in these centers from an organizational point of view to the current situation, and the reasons for the network optimization and capacity of ТВ facilities play an important role.
Researches aimed at the early detection of drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis and improving the organizational principles of ТВ services were identified as one of the priorities of the State program on combatting tuberculosis in the Republic of Uzbekistan, with Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers №62 «On additional measures to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2011-2015 "dated March 5, 2011.
Demand for this thesis is characterized by the development of scientific substantiation of organizational approaches to provide effective ТВ care and to improve the quality of care provided by skilled population in the region unfavorable epidemiological situation of ТВ, including the Republic of Karakalpakstan, on the basis of evidence-based recommendations for the improvement of methods of detection and treatment of drug-resistant forms of ТВ taking into account the highest levels of prevalence.
Purpose of research is the approaches to improve ТВ control improving detection and treatment account its prevalence in the region..
development of new organizational in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, of drug-resistant ТВ taking into
Scientific novelty of dissertational research:
Conditionality of adverse epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the region with its prevalence of resistant forms is proven;
The efficiency of molecular genetic methods for determining drug sensitivity in comparison with the "gold standard", the possibility and feasibility of its application from an organizational point of view in terms of Karakalpakstan is shown;
Increasing levels of drug resistance and nosocomial spread by genetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA strains are proven in
patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who are cured in patient
treatment, risk factors for health personnel of drug-resistant strains are identified;
Locally adapted organizational approaches to the treatment of patients with tuberculosis in the outpatient setting from the first day of treatment are developed;
The possibility of successful treatment of patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis in an outpatient setting is proven;
Revealed that the main factors in maintaining homes and families of tuberculosis for a long period are drug resistance of the source of
infection, poor hygiene living conditions and inadequately conducted
therapeutic and preventive measures from organizational point of view;
The discrepancy of the number of ТВ beds with the real need for them is revealed; the need for network optimization and beds of ТВ services is proven;
Recommendations for the revision and improvement of the organizational principles of ТВ care to the population are developed.
CONCLUSION
1. The complex epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the Republic of Karakalpakstan is due to the high prevalence of resistant forms and growth of its dynamics. This requires a review of organizational bases of ТВ care.
2. The main factors contributing to long-term preservation of family foci of tuberculosis in the Republic of Karakalpakstan (5 years or more) are high levels of drug-resistant strains of the МВТ (72%), low levels of sanitary living conditions of persons living in these centers, the inadequacy of ongoing treatment -preventive maintenance work on their recovery, which is carried out as standard, without considering negative factors. Therefore, the organization of rehabilitation of homes and families of tuberculosis should be carried out taking into account the drug sensitivity of the source of infection, measures aimed at improving sanitation and socio-economic conditions in the centers
3.Identification of 57 new cases of active tuberculosis among the contact persons residing in family outbreaks of tuberculosis, including 19 cases from the previously recorded shows insufficiency of amount of health and anti-epidemic measures in these centers. These points to the need to revise the nonnative acts regulating the measures on improving family outbreaks of tuberculosis and classification of these outbreaks based on drug susceptibility source of infection
4.The high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (98,6%) of Hain-test for rapid diagnosis of drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the major anti-first-linc drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin), is fully justified by its ability of quickly identifying the profile resistance of the patient, which allows to start the treatment in a timely manner and take infection control measures. Therefore it is recommended to include one of the fastest molecular genetic test (Hain-test or expert Gene) in the diagnostic algorithm of ТВ.
5. In the Republic of Karakalpakstan in conditions of intense
epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, which is due to high prevalence of its resistant forms (60%), the degree of increase of drug resistance in hospital care (22%) in ТВ facilities and nosocomial spread of tuberculosis among patients and staff is high. To reduce the risk of
nosocomial transmission of ТВ in health facilities the practice of
hospitalizing all patients in the intensive phase of treatment should be
abandoned and must be used outpatient treatment extensively. In
addition, in all health care settings a plan for infection control must be developed, a staff specialist on infection control should be included in the staffing of large institutions, a committee, holding the authority to infection control, must be established
6. In the Republic of Karakalpakstan satisfactory results of treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (62.7%) have been achieved compared with other projects in the country and abroad. To further enhance the effectiveness of the treatment process, introducing the practice of short regimens of treatment, the acceleration of the use of new drugs in cases of extensive drug-resistant is necessary 7. Early detection and coverage of effective treatment of MDR-TB in this program in Karakalpakstan has improved the success of treatment, and also contributed to the decrease in the dynamics of the proportion of patients with a poor outcome (from 20% to 6.5%) and deaths (from 24% to 7%).
8. The main reasons for the lack of effectiveness of treatmentresistant forms of tuberculosis is the development or presence of XDR-TB patients, unmotivated refusal of treatment (56) by patients and the availability of social (12%) and family (8%) problems. Therefore, to implement measures of psychosocial support to patients, aimed at improving adherence to treatment, more in-depth study of the causes of failure of patients to continue treatment are necessary.
9. The effectiveness of DS and DR tuberculosis treatment (83% and 58%) are satisfactory and not inferior to the results of treatment in hospital (82% and 57%) conditions. Further research on medical, social and economic efficiency of treatment of patients in the outpatient setting, careful examination of the risks for patients and others, the transition of the system of financing of ТВ services to more advanced and cost-effective methods is needed.
10. Mightiness of ТВ beds in ТВ institutions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the number of beds in them 1.8 times higher than the actual need. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the network of ТВ facilities and beds with the real needs.

The topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. At present, the accelerated development of new technologies around the world enhances the demand for the use of the electromagnetic field device management systems, production processes, every day. The world is currently about 35% of sewage and drinking water should be cleaned, decontaminated and desalted. In this context, the rational use of drinking water, municipal and industrial, sewage, improving the quality of processing, with the help of technical means of cleansing and disinfection and technologies usoverschenstvovanic comprehensive measures arc priorities.
Globally, currently about 2-3% (K.W. hour) of electricity generated is spent on the purification of waste water, decontamination and desalination. In this regard, one of the main objectives of the national economy is to provide decontamination and desalination devices with high performance and efficiency, greater reliability and energy efficiency, it becomes important.
In this regard, according to existing technologies reagent methods of cleaning and disinfection arc costly and ineffective, in which water is not enough cleaned and disinfected, does not provide high reliability and economic efficiency. Based on these provisions, it is appropriate to study, research devices, control systems unified spatial electromagnetic field. On the basis of performed cleaning, disinfection, desalination and desalination, which provides energy saving, high reliability, performance, and versatility that is highly relevant.
In this regard, of particular interest is the introduction and improvement of science-based technologies of processing and analysis of cleaning methods, decontamination and desalination of water, based on the pulse and vortex electric, electromagnetic, magnetic, gravitational and twisting vortex field device management systems, unified spatial electromagnetic field.
This dissertation research to some extent is to complete the task given to the Cabinet of Ministers "Improvement of water supply control systems», №320 of 21 July 2003 "On the economical use of water resources», №183 from April 14, 2004.
The purpose of the study is to provide a unified management systems spatial electromagnetic field for cleaning, disinfection, desalination of sewage and drinking water.
Conclusion
Summarizing the results of carried out researches the comprehensive studies of the SSDF were conducted for the first time in the dissertation. Industrial, experimental and theoretical studies allowed to determine a stable work of SSDF by using modem electronic control devices which provide a stable work in its operating range.
The main scientific results, conclusions and recommendations of the work arc the following:
1. There was determined that study of issues of the comparative analysis of electromagnetic pulse power systems and power control systems of electromagnetic devices of a single spatial field showed that the device of final control element, based on pulse electromagnetic field and vortex electric field using much more fully meets the requirements.
2. There was developed a control system with thyristor inverter of frequency for the plant of purification and disinfection of water by the pulsed electromagnetic field, providing consistency of shape and amplitude of the oscillation energy in the executive solenoid of exciting winding.
3. There were studied devices of final control element’s control system with using of Elcktronics Workbench software and tool program C ++ Builder. The modeled data gave the possibility to clarify and visually examine processes taking place in device and improve the control system scheme.
4. There was stated from a current-voltage characteristic of the single surface field’s device control that starting from 60 A to 300 A the section of a currentvoltage characteristic (linear section) is the voltage stabilizer and most suitable for SSFD work. The voltage in the SSFD on this section does not depend on the applied current, and depends only on the design features of the inductance coils of final control element’s exciting windings and copper rod of SSFD. For the stable operation of SSFD there was determined a control voltage providing the stable work of SSFD in the current working range.
5. There was proposed the calculation method for the linear magnetic system, determined the electromagnetic force field winding of the final control element at serial and parallel connection. A feature of this method is that the ratios between the flux linkages and currents for such a system are written in the form of linear equations containing inductance and mutual inductance of exciting windings of the final control element.
6. There was found that minimizing condition of relative losses in the copper of the field winding taking into account its characteristics can be provided only with a definite form of voltage impulse at its clamps. In the electromagnetic system with non-zero internal resistance of the circuit and the final value of inductance can be obtained the minimum value of the relative energy losses in the copper of exciting winding if pulses of the square of the current and inductance derivative to carry out with respect to time at similar form.
7. There were shown the dynamic properties and sustainability issues, as well as the reserves of stability and transients for SSEF real control systems were identified to ensure the normal operation of the device. Experimental studies of SSEF control system showed that newly developed system meets all the requirements of the control systems of such devices in the dynamic conditions of their work.
8. There were developed the algorithms for calculating the reliability of SSEF control systems that allow us to determine the quantitative characteristics of reliability in operation.
9.The industrial model has passed tests at sewage treatment plants of Salar WWTP "Suvsoz." The use of industrial model has reduced the collie-index almost to 99%.
10. The developed device management systems SSEF on key technical indicators and parameters is significantly superior.
When using the device management systems common spatial electromagnetic field reliability exceeds 1,30 times the prototype, the efficiency of 20% water disinfection performance and service life is increased twice.
The economic effect of the introduction of the device management system is EPEP 67 million, sum per year.
Thus, on the basis of theoretical generalization and implementation set out in the new research positions, solved a big problem of developing a unified device management systems spatial electromagnetic field which is of great economic importance.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. One of the urgent problems of modem chemistry is the search of directions of rational use of natural resources and creation on their basis of practically useful new materials and technologies.
Thus the special attention is given to the problem of localisation, creation and introduction in the manufacture of the new biologically active connections used in various areas of national economy that leads to import substitution and economy of currency means. In order to increase the volume of manufacturing chemical products the important problem of further expansion of their assortment and improvement of quality is put.
The main role in this belongs to purposeful searches of new valuable substances, more effective methods and processes of synthesis and division of products, by radical improvement of existing manufactures.
Working out of new technology more and more is based on its scientific report, including knowledge of the mechanism and physical and chemical laws of process. The big reserves in production efficiency increase arc available in the field of improvement of the operating enterprises by a choice of optimum parametres of process, modernisation of technological schemes and the equipment, qualified use of by-products and production wastes. Set of all these factors is of special significance for the further development of the industry of organic synthesis in conditions in the Republic of Kazakhstan which economic reforms arc ongoing.
Noted in fully masurc can be attributed to the alkaloids and carbohydrates, which arc the main representatives of the natural compounds. One of the promising directions of their practical application is to study them as a source of subjects for new biologically active compounds.
Chemical modification of the structure of alkaloids and carbohydrates has large and still not fully disclosed potential prospects. The derivatives of modified monosaccharides arc of great scientific and practical interest, since many of them have a pronounced biological activity of a broad spectrum of action. A number of derivatives of monosaccharides arc widely used in medicine, such as an effective anticanccr and antiviral drugs. It is important in this case that the introduction of the carbohydrate residues in the structure of biologically active substances often leads to increase water solubility and decrease toxicity. All these determines interest in synthetic chemistry modifications of monosaccharides. It should also be noted that the data on the compounds that combines both carbohydrate and alkaloid of the fragments arc not described in the literature.
On the basis of the conducted works on the obtaining biologically active substances conditions of synthesis with various functional groups, showing a wide spectrum of biological action will be created.
In connection with thccrcation of scientific bases of obtaining biologically active substances by the modification of monosaccharides and the decision of the problems connected with synthesis of biologically active substances on their basis, arc the actual problems representing as theoretical, and practical value.
Dissertational research in certain degree will promote the decision of problems resulted in the decision of the President of Republic of Kazakhstan RK № 00512 «Reasonable use of natural resources, processing of raw materials and products» (2005-2015).
Purpose of research. Definition of regularity of reaction of the combination of monosaccharide of some amines and alkaloids and creation of obtaining technology of biologically active substances containing simultaneously a carbohydrate part both amines and alkaloid fragments.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists of the following:
dcterminationof the kinetic regularities of hydrolysis of thcpolysaccharides, depending on the temperature of conccntrationof the polysaccharidcinsolution, the nature and the concentration of the acid;
for the first time the synthesis of N- glycoside and N- xylose derivatives on the basis of certain alkaloids has been carried out and their structure has been defined;
interaction reaction of tctraacctylgluco-pyranosy-lisothiocyanatc with cytisine alkaloid, L-cphcdrinc and D-pscudo-cphcdrinc has been studied and their thiourea derivatives have been obtained;
synthesis of carbohydratccontaining ester of N-
alkaloiddithiocarbamicacidsrcacting with cytisincalkaloid, L- cphcdrincand D-pscudocphcdrincwith carbon disulfide inthc presence of tricthylaminc has been studied and furthcralkylation ofl-dcoxy-2,3,4,6-tctra-O-acetyl-P-D-glucopyranosyl bromidchas brought to obtain dithiourcthans;
new polyfunctional derivatives including sulfur- and halogcn-containing derivatives of N- aminoglycosides on the basis of amines of the primary aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic series have been obtained and their possible formation-anomeric forms have been defined;
technological parameters of the synthesis of biological active substances containing carbohydrate part both amines and alkaloids fragments have been developed and their range of application has been determined.
Conclusion
1. Methods for the preparationof monosaccharideson the basisof local raw matcrials(com stalk, cotton stem, vine,darmanaandpoppy) have been developed andimproved.The kineticregularity of hydrolysisof polysaccharidcsdcpcnding on thcconccntrationof the polysaccharidcin solution,nature andthc concentration of acidhas beendetermined. It has been determinedthat as the presence of aceticacid during the reaction byproduct formationprocessis relatively slow.
2. For the purpose of obtaining xylite the hydrogenation ofxylose has been conducted and the structure ofthc most activecobalt alloysand catalysts, modified with ferromolybdenumandferrotitanium has been investigated. The optimalcondition of hydrogenolysisprocess of xylose has been determined andan the optimalcomposition of the catalyst: Cu-Al-FTi =45% -50% -5% has been introduced
3. Thc reaction ofmonosaccharides(D-glucose and D-xylose) withalkaloids cytisine, L- ephedrine and D-pseudoephedrine has been investigated, consequently adequate N- glucosilamincs and N-xylosilamincs have been obtained and characterized. N-glycosides has been obtained bycounter synthesis, i.c.alkylating the above-mcntioncdalkaloids with tctra-O-acctyl-P-D-glucopyranosyl bromide, then . l-(2,3,4,6-tctra-O-acctyl-P-D-glucopyranosyl) amines have been obtainedby subsequcntrcaction withsodium methylate.
4. Thefirst time thcrcaction oftctraacytilglucopyranosisilisothiocyanate withalkaloidscytisine, L-ephedrine and D-pscudocphcdrine and theirthioureaderivatives. Their structure has been determined by usingIR- and NMRspcctroscopy, massspcctromctryandX-ray analysis.
5. The synthesisof carbohydrate N-alkaloiddithiocarbamicacid has been conducted by rcactingcytisincalkaloid, L- cphcdrincand D-pscudocphcdrinewith carbon disulfide inthc presence of tricthylamine. It is shown thatthc further alkylation ofl-dcoxy-2,3,4,6-tetra-O- acctyl-D- glucopyranosyl bromidcled to obtaining dithiourctans.
6. Based on hydrazides of o- and n -hydroxybenzoic acid very promising in biological carbohydrate thiosemicarbazidc derivatives and their structure has been determined using IR- and NMR'H spectroscopy.
7. Based on these studies, the synthesis of 33 new glycoside- containing derivatives of alkaloids cytisine, L-ephedrine and D- pseudoephedrine and certain heterocyclic amines. These compounds arc characterized by modem physicochemical methods of analysis.
8. Among the synthesized compounds substances having insecticidal, fungicidal, hcpatoprotective, and antimicrobial and other activities have been identified. Some of the synthesized compounds arc recommended for further in-depth biological testing for insecticidal, aphicidal and antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
9. As a result of research the technological scheme of obtaining substance N-P-D-glucopyranocytisinchas been created and also the laboratory technological regulation and adequate technical regulations have been worked out.