ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ORAL PATHOLOGIES DURING
PREGNANCY: CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PERSPECTIVE
Davlyatova Aziza Aripjanovna
Doctoral student resident
Samarkand State Medical University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15244256
Abstract:
The study analyzed the dental status of pregnant women using
modern clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods. Special attention is paid to
the study of the condition of periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and hard dental
tissues. The characteristic changes in the oral cavity associated with the
physiological characteristics of the div of pregnant women were revealed.The
results obtained make it possible to optimize approaches to the prevention and
treatment of dental diseases in pregnant women, taking into account their
special status. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of
recommendations for the timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment of oral
diseases in pregnant women, which contributes to the preservation of the health
of mother and child
Keywords:
pregnancy, dental diseases, oral cavity, clinical and laboratory
diagnostics, periodontal disease, prevention of dental diseases, gestational
period.
Introduction.
Currently, it has been proven that the frequency of carious
process and inflammatory periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis)
increases significantly during pregnancy. According to WHO, "one of the most
common diseases during pregnancy are diseases of the oral cavity (OCD), which
are one of the most significant medical and social problems"1. ZRS are a
provoking factor for an inflammatory response from the whole div and in the
future can have an adverse effect on the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the
postpartum period. ZRS are a stomatogenic focus of infection in the pregnant
woman's div, pathogenic microorganisms and their waste products penetrate
into all organs and systems of the mother and child's div, which can cause
purulent-septic complications. At the beginning of the new millennium,
paradoxically, infections occupy the fourth place in the structure of maternal
mortality and account for 11%, and in developing countries septic shock
associated with septic abortion and postpartum endometritis still occupies one
of the leading places . According to foreign statistics, the incidence of sepsis with
fatal outcomes in obstetric practice increases by 10% per year, while the main
risk factors are: late maternal age, obesity, pregnancy against the background of
chronic diseases, ART and multiple pregnancies, high frequency of cesarean
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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sections (the risk is 5-20 times higher). According to a confidential study of
maternal mortality and morbidity in the UK, 63% of fatal maternal sepsis cases
had a delay in recognition or treatment.
The results of studies
conducted to date on a global scale have shown that
septic complications in the postpartum period, as a cause of maternal mortality,
continue to lead, taking 1-2 place, sharing it with obstetric bleeding. According
to WHO experts, despite significant advances in diagnosis and antimicrobial
therapy, a high proportion of postpartum sepsis remains in the structure of
maternal mortality in the world: from 10.7% to 15%. According to J. Barton and
B. Sibai , the incidence of severe sepsis with fatal outcomes increases by 10%
annually. WHO experts note that 1/10 of maternal deaths are caused by septic
complications of pregnancy and childbirth, most of which are registered in low-
resource countries, however, birth infection still remains the direct cause of
maternal mortality in highly developed countries. In addition, infectious
diseases of the mother before or during childbirth are the cause of death of 1
million newborns per year[4].
A woman's oral health and oral microbiota can directly affect her pregnancy
and developing fetus. A review of 23 systematic publications on the relationship
between maternal periodontitis and pregnancy complications showed that if a
mother has periodontal disease, she has a 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.0)
times higher risk of premature birth, 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.1)
times higher risk of premature birth, the risk of having a low-weight baby is
higher, the risk of preeclampsia is 2.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.4-3.4) times
higher, and the risk of premature birth is 3.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-8.8)
times higher, plus the birth of a child with a low birth weight [6]. It may seem
more than reasonable to treat periodontal disease during pregnancy to reduce
these risks. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that
periodontal treatment during pregnancy is effective in reducing the risk of
adverse pregnancy outcomes [7]. With regard to such a common disease as
caries, it was found that even during the physiological course of pregnancy, the
prevalence of dental caries is 91.4% of lesions of previously intact teeth (with a
predominance of the acute course of the carious process) in 38% of pregnant
patients.
Conclusions:
Thus, improving a woman's dental status and preventing
purulent-septic complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum
period is one of the main problems of modern medicine.
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