in Library

Environmental influences on pediatric nutrition and health

Tokhirjon Rakhimov — 2025-07-28

This review synthesizes research on "Environmental factors such as pollution, climate, and socioeconomic status influence on nutrition and morphofunctional changes in pediatric populations and long-term health implications" to address gaps in understanding how these determinants affect child growth and health trajectories. The review aimed to evaluate impacts of pollution, climate, and socioeconomic status on pediatric nutrition and morphofunctional development; benchmark exposure assessment methodologies; identify epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms; compare urban-rural differentials; and analyze interactions between nutrition and pollutants influencing metabolic disorders.

Management strategies to prevent purulent complications in pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis

Gayrat Khaydarov — 2025-06-18

The prevention of purulent complications in pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis requires a comprehensive approach. Effective antibiotic therapy, including both intravenous and oral regimens, is essential. Lifestyle measures such as rest, nutrition, and hygiene support recovery. Surgical interventions like debridement and local antibiotic delivery are necessary in complicated cases. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management improve outcomes and reduce long-term complications.

School-family-neighborhood cooperation in the process of educating students in general secondary educational institutions

Nargiza Narziyeva — 2025-06-20

The article describes the current state of schoolfamily neighborhood activities in the education of students in general secondary education. Also, the beneficial aspects of cooperative activities are justified.

Advantages of simulation-based teaching methods in surgical training for medical students

Nazir Sayfitdinov — 2025-06-25

Simulation-based learning in surgical education offers significant advantages for medical students by providing a safe and controlled environment to develop technical and cognitive skills. It allows for repeated practice, real-time feedback, and enhances procedural understanding without compromising patient safety. Studies show that simulation improves skill acquisition, reduces error rates, and strengthens decision-making abilities. Furthermore, modern technologies like virtual and augmented reality contribute to immersive learning experiences. The integration of standardized simulation programs ensures consistent and high-quality surgical education, preparing students effectively for real clinical practice.

Comparative effectiveness of OSCE vs. traditional oral exams in surgical education

Nazir Sayfitdinov — 2025-06-25

This study compares the effectiveness of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) and traditional oral exams in surgical education. OSCEs provide a standardized, objective method to assess various clinical competencies, offering greater reliability and feedback. Traditional oral exams, while useful for theoretical evaluation, lack standardization and are subject to examiner bias. The findings support OSCEs as more comprehensive and fair in evaluating practical surgical skills.

Improving clinical decision-making in pediatrics: educational outcomes of simulation-based learning for medical students

Khusniya Ergashzoda — 2025-06-25

Simulation-based learning in pediatric education enhances students’ clinical reasoning, confidence, and non-technical skills through realistic, safe environments. This review discusses its effectiveness in improving diagnostic decision-making and preparing students for real-world pediatric care using virtual reality, high-fidelity, and low-fidelity methods.

Preventing pediatric pneumonia: role of vaccination and socioeconomic factors

Khusniya Ergashzoda — 2025-06-24

Pediatric pneumonia remains a leading cause of mortality in children under five, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper explores how socioeconomic factors—particularly income, maternal education, and healthcare access—affect pneumonia incidence and outcomes. The protective role of childhood vaccination is also examined, revealing significant disparities in immunization coverage due to financial and infrastructural barriers. Interventions targeting these social determinants are critical to reducing the burden of pediatric pneumonia and achieving sustainable public health improvements.

Viral vs. bacterial pneumonia in children: pathophysiological insights and diagnostic dilemmas

Ravshanjon Eminov — 2025-06-24

Pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five, especially in low-resource settings such as Uzbekistan. Distinguishing between viral and bacterial pneumonia is critical for appropriate treatment but remains diagnostically challenging. While viral pneumonia commonly presents with diffuse infiltrates and systemic symptoms like wheezing, bacterial pneumonia often has focal consolidation and higher inflammatory markers. However, clinical, radiological, and biomarker overlap complicates this differentiation. Improved diagnostic tools, clinician training, and vaccination coverage are essential to enhance pediatric pneumonia management and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.

Gialuronan euploid embrion transferida implantatsiya potentsialini oshirish omili sifatida: zamonaviy ma'lumotlarni ko'rib chiqish

Sitora Abduraхmanova — 2025-06-23

In the field of reproduction, which is an integral part of gynecology, adhesive compounds containing hyaluronic acid are used in embryo transplantation to infertile patients in order to increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies (HRT). The use of an adhesive compound during embryo transfer to increase the likelihood of embryo implantation increases the likelihood of pregnancy and, as a result, the birth of a child. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-A) is one of the most important advances in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (IVF). With this method, chromosomal abnormalities are detected before the embryo is transplanted into the uterus, which reduces the risk of implantation failure, miscarriage, and increases eco efficiency.

Nephrotic syndrome in children: current management and future perspectives

Yulduzkhon Khamralieva — 2025-07-01

Pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a significant glomerular disorder marked by heavy proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia, predominantly affecting children aged 1-6 years. This paper reviews the current understanding of NS, emphasizing its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management strategies. Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is the leading cause, accounting for 70-90% of cases, with corticosteroids as the primary treatment, achieving remission in most cases. However, relapses and steroid resistance necessitate alternative therapies like calcineurin inhibitors and rituximab. Complications such as infections, thromboembolism, and growth retardation highlight the need for comprehensive care. Future perspectives include genetic testing, personalized medicine, and novel therapeutics to enhance outcomes and reduce steroid dependency. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research and global collaboration to refine treatment protocols and improve the quality of life for affected children.

Examination of risk elements and preventive strategies for morphofunctional changes in nasal alae resulting from furuncles

Tokhirjon Rakhimov — 2025-07-10

This research investigates the risk factors that contribute to the morphofunctional modifications of the nasal alae in the context of furuncles, emphasizing their etiology, pathogenesis, and related complications. Preventive and therapeutic strategies, encompassing hygiene regimens, prompt intervention, and reconstructive methodologies, are critically assessed. Existing gaps in the current body of knowledge and the potential for interdisciplinary approaches are underscored to enhance clinical outcomes and avert persistent deformities. Novel technologies and bioinformatics are examined for their prospective utility in identifying individuals at elevated risk and improving preventive measures.

Inflammatory cytokines and their role in worsening chronic heart failure

Zarnigor Khasanova — 2025-07-15

Background: Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) play a key role in the progression and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF). Objective: To investigate the relationship between circulating cytokine levels and acute decompensation in CHF patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Bukhara Branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care between 2022–2025. Fifty-six CHF patients were divided into stable (n=28) and acute decompensated (n=28) groups. Serum cytokine levels were assessed using ELISA, and results were analyzed using SPSS v25. Results: Patients with acute decompensated CHF had significantly elevated levels of TNF-α (14.2 ± 4.1 pg/mL vs. 6.5 ± 2.2; p<0.01), IL-6 (12.6 ± 3.7 vs. 5.8 ± 2.0; p<0.01), and IL-1β (9.8 ± 2.6 vs. 4.2 ± 1.3; p<0.05) compared to the stable CHF group. These levels correlated with higher NYHA class, BNP, NT-proBNP, and inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR). Conclusion: Elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels are strongly associated with acute CHF decompensation, suggesting their utility as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cytokine profiling may aid early detection and management of worsening heart failure.

The role of cytokine activation in the development of acute decompensation of chronic heart failure

Zarnigor Khasanova — 2025-07-16

This review explores the role of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 in the acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF), focusing on their mechanistic and clinical relevance. A systematic analysis of studies up to mid-2024 shows consistent cytokine elevation during decompensation, with IL-6 strongly linked to severity and mortality. These cytokines activate NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt pathways, contributing to myocardial dysfunction and adverse remodeling. While IL-1 blockade shows therapeutic promise, anti-TNF strategies remain inconclusive. The findings highlight the need for targeted, phenotype-specific therapies and improved biomarker use in managing inflammation-driven CHF.

Multimodal early detection of pediatric inflammatory hearing loss

Ismoiljon Sakkizboev — 2025-07-16

This review synthesizes research on early diagnosis of hearing loss in inflammation diseases in the inner ear using audiological tests and imaging techniques in children to address gaps in standardized diagnostic protocols and integration of multimodal assessments. The review aimed to evaluate audiological test efficacy, benchmark imaging modalities, identify risk factors, compare diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and propose integrative diagnostic approaches. A systematic analysis of diverse studies from prospective cohorts and retrospective reviews spanning multiple geographic regions was conducted, focusing on pediatric inflammatory etiologies including autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and infectious conditions. Findings indicate that otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses demonstrate high sensitivity and reliability for early detection, often preceding imaging findings.

Ethnolinguistic features of transmission of the taboo-language phenomenon in the russian and uzbek languages

Shokhsanam Yusupova — 2025-07-22

This article examines taboo vocabulary as a reflection of culture, with an emphasis on the linguacognitive features of the Russian and Uzbek languages. The aim of the work is to analyze taboo vocabulary in the context of ethnolinguistic aspects, as well as to identify the relationship between language taboos and cultural norms, traditions and worldviews of native speakers of these languages. The results of the study showed that taboo vocabulary in both languages has its own unique features due to historical, social and cultural factors. At the same time, there are a number of common features, such as the desire to preserve social norms and traditions. Thus, taboo vocabulary serves as an important indicator of cultural identity and mentality, which emphasizes the importance of its study for understanding linguistic and cultural processes in the modern world.

Benefits of simulation-based education in operative surgery classes for medical students

Gayrat Khaydarov — 2025-06-18

Simulation-based education in operative surgery offers medical students a safe and effective environment to acquire surgical skills, reduce procedural errors, and enhance decision-making abilities. Using virtual reality and high-fidelity simulators, students can repeatedly practice complex procedures, receive immediate feedback, and improve both technical and cognitive competencies. As technology evolves, simulation continues to play a vital role in preparing competent healthcare professionals for real-world surgical challenges.

Direct telerentgenography for planning orthodontic treatment

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-09

Orthopanotomography and direct telerentgenography were used for orthodontic treatment of anomalies and deformities of the dentition and bite in children. For the final diagnosis and for the planning of orthodontic treatment of sick children with anomalies and deformities of the maxillary system, direct telerentgenography has yielded positive results, which are reflected in the article.

The relationship of occlusion with the musculoskeletal system

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-13

The purpose of the study. The aim of this study is to increase the effectiveness of dysocclusion treatment in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Materials and methods. Using osteopathic and stabilometric methods of studying the postural system, 60 patients with dysocclusion and significant disorders of the musculoskeletal system aged 14 to 34 years were identified.

Etiopathogenetic approach to the prevention and treatment of maxillary prognathosis in children

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-13

The purpose of the study: Early identification of etiological factors influencing the development of maxillary prognathology and the development of modern methods of complex treatment and their prevention. The object of the study was 13 children, including 7 (54%) boys and 6 (46%) girls, aged 6 to 12 years, who suffered from maxillary prognosis in 2024, taken to the orthodontic department of the Tashkent State Dental Institute. The control group consisted of 12 children of the same age with a physiological bite. Research methods: Clinical and functional, anthropometric and radiological (TRG and 3D X-ray) research methods were used.

Artificial intelligence-assisted cephalometric analysis versus manual tracing in distal occlusion treatment: a comparative clinical study using webceph and cephx platforms

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-09

Traditional manual cephalometric analysis remains the gold standard in orthodontic diagnosis despite being time-consuming and operator-dependent.. Artificial intelligence (Al) platforms offer automated solutions that may enhance accuracy and efficiency in orthodontic treatment planning. Objective: To compare the accuracy, reliability and clinical efficiency of Al-assisted cephalometric analysis using WebCeph and CephX platforms versus conventional manual tracing methods in patients with distal occlusion (Class II malocclusion).

Integration of artificial intelligence and vr/ar technologies in orthodontics: visualization of treatment results and communication with patients

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-08

Modern dentistry, especially orthodontics, is reaching a new level closely connected with the rapid development of information technologies. Today, artificial intelligence (Al), virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) technologies are entering orthodontists' daily practice.

A new step towards orthodontics: Grok 3, Claude and DeepSeek platforms are shaping decisions

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-08

This scientific article analytically examines the role and significance of modern artificial intelligence systems in the field of orthodontics. It presents a comparative analysis of the technical capabilities, functional parameters, and clinical applications of Grok 3, Claude, and DeepSeek platforms. Innovative solutions in orthodontic diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient monitoring are thoroughly explored. The article evaluates the potential of artificial intelligence systems to usher in a new era in the field and provides scientific and practical recommendations for their integration.

Treatment methods in orthodontics. Classification of orthodontic devices. Mechanical action devices. Indications and contraindications for their use.

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-15

Among the various methods of correcting anomalies and deformations of the dentoalveolar system, the main place is occupied by active hardware treatment using devices of various actions. They are used both for treatment and for preserving the results obtained, i.e. for retention. F. Ya. Khoroshilkina and Yu. M. Malygin (1977) classified the main designs of devices taking into account the biophysiological principles of their action and design features

Step-by-step implementation of manual skills in the subject "Orthodontics"

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-15

The teaching aid is given to students of the Faculty of Dentistry and is intended to teach the skills of taking impressions with impression materials, casting models, conducting biological separation, working with metal arches - making various springs, clasps, vestibular and lingual arch structures, etc. Manual skills are illustrated step by step, divided according to the degree of complexity and correspond to the standards required for implementation in the bachelor's degree program.

Modern orthodontic devices

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-18

The textbook “Modern orthodontic devices” covers the modern clinical and laboratory stages of the manufacture of modern orthodontic appliances in the treatment of anomalies and deformations of teeth, dentition and occlusion. Under the influence of various etiological factors, functional and morphological abnormalities occur, which may be transient and eliminated during the growth of the child, but may be stable. Often, impaired function in the dento-maxillofacial region prevents the normalization of the shape, and morphological changes make it difficult to correct function, especially with anomalies and deformations of the dentition. In the period of milk, removable and permanent dentition, fixed and removable, and arc orthodontic equipment are widely used in clinical practice. The effect of these orthodontic appliances on the state of oral mucosa and on periodontal tissues has been widely considered.

Classification of anomalies of teeth, dentition and bite. Diagnose them. Detection of pathological and physiological bite. Etiology and pathogenesis of ASF anomalies and deformities

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-18

This training manual is a classification of teeth, dentition and occlusal anomalies for 4th year dental students. their diagnosis. identification of pathological and physiological bites. It contains information about the etiology and pathogenesis of dental anomalies and deformities. It presents test and situational tasks about the types of anomalies and deformations, their diagnosis and to consolidate the knowledge gained.

Methods for diagnosing open bite in children and planning orthodontic treatment

Rakhmatulla Nigmatov — 2025-08-19

Vertical dysocclusion of the tooth (open pricus) is a pathology in the vertical plane, characterized by the lack of closure of the upper and lower teeth. It is one of the most complex forms of anomalies found in modern orthodontics. The vertical space between the teeth is more common in children and is a deformation of the dental system in the vertical (orbital) plane, characterized by a frontal incision, pile teeth, antagonistic teeth in the area of premolars, rarely molar detachment and non-closure. The prevalence of vertical dysocclusion of the dental cavity is detected in 1.7-7% of children and adolescents. Currently, there is no information about the spread of the most severe form of vertical dysocclusion of teeth in children. There are no clear clinical signs of this severe pathology in childhood, there are no clear criteria for determining the severity of this pathology, which is the reason for the formation of the form and diagnosis and the formation of the research goal.Currently, there is no information about the spread of the most severe form of vertical dysocclusion of teeth in children. There are no clear clinical signs of this severe pathology inm.

Совершенствование налогового администрирования в условиях цифровизации экономики

Damir Abdulov — 2025-09-09

В мире цифровизация налогового администрирования существенно меняет традиционные подходы к сбору и контролю налогов. В 2023 году около 60% налоговых служб по всему миру внедрили виртуальных помощников и цифровые платформы для круглосуточного взаимодействия с налогоплательщиками. Внедрение аналитических инструментов и технологий обработки больших данных увеличилось на 20% по сравнению с 2018 годом, что позволило более эффективно управлять налоговыми рисками и минимизировать ошибки. Почти 95% налоговых служб активно используют такие методы анализа данных, что способствует повышению прозрачности и эффективности работы налоговых органов. [1]

В мире развитие цифровых технологий происходит в условиях роста бюджетного дефицита, недостаточности государственных поступлений, низкого участия малого бизнеса и субъектов предпринимательства в уплате государственных платежей и регистрации бизнеса, ненадлежащего общественного контроля за государственными платежами. В этих условиях налогово-бюджетная политика может способствовать обеспечению экономической стабильности и устранить риски для государственных финансов. Однако, все ещё существует проблема обеспечения открытости и прозрачности в данной отрасли, необходимость снижения участия человеческого фактора путем цифровизации системы, предупреждения коррупционных ситуаций.

В последние годы в Узбекистане активно реализуются меры по расширению налогового потенциала, повышению открытости государственных поступлений и совершенствованию налогового администрирования. В Указе Президента «О стратегии развития нового Узбекистана на 2022-2026 годы» от 28 января 2022 года обозначены задачи, включающие снижение налоговой нагрузки на предпринимателей с 27,5 % до 25 % ВВП к 2026 году. В рамках стратегии предусмотрены приоритетные меры по улучшению налогового администрирования и внедрению инновационных цифровых инструментов для повышения эффективности работы налоговых органов.

Результаты исследования показывают, что уровень развитости налогового администрирования в некоторых странах связан с высоким уровнем этики и культуры налогоплательщиков, а также стабильностью налогового законодательства. Все эти причины указывают на проблемы, необходимые для решения в целях создания эффективных средств и методов налогового администрирования.

В Узбекистане активно реализуются меры по цифровизации налогового администрирования, которые направлены на улучшение процессов и повышение эффективности работы налоговых органов. Одним из ключевых шагов стало внедрение автоматизированной информационной системы «E-aktiv», которая с 1 января 2022 года стала обязательной для плательщиков НДС и компаний с государственной долей в капитале более 50%. Эта система помогает вести учет основных средств и товарных ресурсов, что позволяет снизить административные барьеры и повысить прозрачность налоговых операций.

Также внедрена система «E-ijara» для регистрации договоров аренды недвижимости, а автоматизация процессов возмещения НДС обеспечивается через систему «E-imtiyoz». Все эти меры направлены на создание более прозрачной и инклюзивной налоговой среды, что позволяет минимизировать риски уклонения от налогов и повысить доверие между налогоплательщиками и налоговыми органами.

Эти нововведения подтверждают важность стратегии развития Узбекистана, которая направлена на совершенствование налогового администрирования и внедрение цифровых технологий в рамках стратегии 2022–2026 годов.

Bactrian Documents Founds in Northern Afghanistan as a Historical Source

Mardonbek Rajapov — 2025-09-19

This article analyzes the role and significance of the Bactrian documents found in Northern Afghanistan as a historical source for the study of the history of Turan in the early medieval period. The article also examines the history of the discovery and study of these documents. From a critical point of view, it analyzes the erroneous approach in national historiography, which consists in the incorrect generalization of these documents under the name "Rabatake Archive" and their attribution exclusively to the Kushan period. Furthermore, based on an analysis of the external (duplicate copies, seals) and internal (introduction, main part, conclusion) structure of the documents, the article substantiates the existence of a developed legal system in the region. Through the analysis of information contained in the documents regarding purchase and sale, debt obligations, rent, taxes, slavery, and family relations, the socio-economic picture of Turan in the 4th–8th centuries is illuminated. The significant scholarly novelty of the article lies in the fact that, based on an analysis of Turkic titles (“kagan”, “yabgu”, “tarkhan”, “tudun”) and ethnonyms (“Abdalo”) found in the documents, the role and influence of the Turkic peoples in the statehood of Turan during the early medieval era are proven with direct evidence.

SIMULATION-BASED TRAINING FOR ORTHOPEDIC RESIDENTS: IMPACT ON SURGICAL CONFIDENCE AND SKILL ACQUISITION

Sobirjon Mukhammadiev — 2025-06-04

Simulation-based training has revolutionized orthopedic education by providing realistic, risk-free environments for surgical practice. This article reviews current technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and haptic-based systems used to train orthopedic residents. These tools improve psychomotor skills, surgical confidence, and procedural accuracy. Despite rapid technological advancement, challenges such as cost and curricular integration remain. Structured simulation programs hold promise for the future of surgical education.

Exploring methods to improve the treatment of complications arising from endourological operations for urinary stone disease (literature review)

Ravshanjon Eminov — 2025-05-08

Endourological procedures, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureteroscopy (URS), and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), are widely used for the treatment of urinary stone disease. Despite their effectiveness, these procedures can lead to various complications, including infections, bleeding, ureteral injuries, and residual stones. This response explores methods to improve the treatment of these complications, drawing on insights from recent research papers.

Developing pediatric education: competency-based assessment and approaches to problem-solving

Dilnozakhon Tashmamatova — 2025-04-25

Effective assessment of medical students in pediatrics requires a combination of traditional and innovative methods to cover various competencies. This review examines key approaches such as the Minnesota method, OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination), multimedia tools and virtual simulations, as well as advancements in artificial intelligence. It emphasizes the importance of programmatic assessment and simulation-based learning in addressing challenges such as resource constraints and faculty training. The recommendations focus on collaborative efforts to improve infrastructure, develop faculty, and better prepare students for clinical practice.

The essence of the project approach, didactic foundations and its role in the educational process

Kosimjon Bannaev — 2025-05-10

This article analyzes the essence of the project approach, its didactic foundations and its importance in the modern educational process. The project approach is characterized by independent thinking of students, the formation of practical skills and the orientation of knowledge to solving life problems. During the study, the advantages and limitations of the project method, methods of its effective application at different stages and international experience were considered.

The formation and development of historical and national characteristics in literary translation

Sharifa Xamroeva — 2025-05-15

The issue of restoring national characteristics and historicity remain highly relevant both theoretically and practically in contemporary translation studies. Addressing this challenge in the translation process requires a creative approach, the effective utilization of lexical and semantic resources, and the preservation of the overall aesthetic essence of the original work. These factors play a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy and authenticity of the
translated text.

Ligasure apparatining gemorroidektomiya operatsiyasida samaradorligi va uning qon ketish profilaktikasidagi roli

Shohruh Kuziboyev — 2025-05-23

Hemorrhoids are a common pathology of the anorectal region, manifested by varicose enlargement of hemorrhoidal nodes, their thrombosis, and rectal bleeding. This disease is considered one of the most frequently encountered conditions in coloproctological practice among adults worldwide. Within the framework of this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical histories of patients treated for hemorrhoids and who experienced complications after hemorrhoidectomy. The research is based on data from the coloproctology department of the private clinic "Ibrohim Hakim Tabobat" in Fergana city. The study analyzed the advantages of using the LigaSure device, one of the modern treatment methods for hemorrhoids, for the removal of hemorrhoidal nodes, as well as the prevention of postoperative bleeding from anorectal wounds.

Comparative effectiveness of EEG and MRI in diagnosing pediatric epileptic syndromes

Ravshanjon Eminov — 2025-05-28

This narrative review compares the diagnostic effectiveness of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating pediatric epileptic syndromes, particularly West syndrome, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, and benign rolandic epilepsy. EEG offers syndrome-specific electrical patterns that are often diagnostic, while MRI identifies structural brain abnormalities influencing prognosis and treatment decisions. Both modalities present unique advantages and limitations, and their combined use is central to modern pediatric epilepsy care. Technological advances such as artificial intelligence in EEG analysis and functional MRI have enhanced diagnostic accuracy. Current literature and international guidelines affirm the complementary nature of EEG and MRI in pediatric epilepsy diagnosis.

Evidence-based guidelines for blunt abdominal trauma in children

Shukurbek Tychibekov — 2025-05-28

This article presents evidence-based recommendations for managing blunt abdominal trauma in children. It emphasizes the importance of non-operative management for stable patients, evaluates diagnostic imaging techniques like ultrasound and CT, and outlines the roles of surgery, monitoring, and interventional radiology. The approach is aimed at improving outcomes while minimizing unnecessary interventions.

Эффективность местной анестезии при геммороидэктомии

Shokhrukhbek Kuziboyev — 2025-05-29

Hemorrhoids are a highly prevalent condition among the working-age population and are often accompanied by various complications. According to data from different authors, the prevalence of hemorrhoids reaches 130–140 cases per 1,000 people, highlighting the significance of this issue. The high incidence of the condition and the delay in seeking medical assistance at early stages often lead to the necessity of surgical treatment. At advanced stages, the primary method of treatment becomes the surgical removal of hemorrhoidal nodes—hemorrhoidectomy, which is the most commonly performed surgery in the proctology department. The effectiveness of this procedure largely depends on adherence to key aspects, including the selection of the optimal anesthesia method, which is crucial for the patient. This study provides a brief analysis of hemorrhoidectomies performed at the "Ibrokhim Hakim Tabobat" clinic, as well as an evaluation of the effectiveness of the anesthesia methods used.

Physiological and biochemical changes occurring in the liver under the influence of stress factors

Sobirjon Mukhammadiev — 2025-06-05

The liver is a central organ susceptible to various stress factors, including environmental toxins, psychological stress, and improper eating habits. These stressors activate complex physiological and biochemical processes that lead to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Psychological stress affects the liver through hormonal and nervous system pathways, while improper nutrition exacerbates liver damage due to fat accumulation and increased insulin resistance. The combined effect of these stressors contributes to liver diseases such as MASLD and NASH. Protective measures, including a diet rich in antioxidants, are crucial for mitigating stress-induced liver damage.

Why addressing glaucoma is insufficient: obstacles and constraints in vision conservation

Sobirjon Mukhammadiev — 2025-06-03

Glaucoma, a significant optic neuropathy, is a principal contributor to irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite effective management of intraocular pressure (IOP), many patients continue to suffer vision loss due to factors beyond IOP. This review investigates the complex nature of glaucoma, encompassing vascular, neurodegenerative, and genetic elements, while also addressing the limitations of existing treatment modalities. Principal obstacles such as late diagnosis, adherence to therapy, and irreversible optic nerve damage, as well as systemic issues like healthcare inequities and socioeconomic influences, are scrutinized. Innovative approaches, including neuroprotective treatments, AI-enhanced diagnostics, personalized medicine, and vision rehabilitation, present potential improvements in patient outcomes. Nevertheless, considerable deficiencies in clinical implementation persist, requiring a fundamental shift in glaucoma management towards prioritizing vision conservation.

Postoperative complications in polytrauma patients: risk factors and management strategies

Sobirjon Mukhammadiev — 2025-06-05

Postoperative complications in polytrauma patients with chest and abdominal injuries, such as infections, bleeding, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), significantly impact morbidity and mortality. Key risk factors include peritoneal contamination, severe organ injuries, delayed interventions, and high injury severity scores. Effective management strategies involve standardized antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP), early venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTEp), and timely surgical or endovascular interventions. A multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing early detection and evidence-based protocols, is crucial for improving outcomes in these high-risk patients.

The need to teach jadidism in educational institutions

Zarif Begimkulov — 2025-06-16

This article will consider the main ideas and goals of the Jadidist movement, the importance of the spiritual heritage of Turkestan Jadidist figures in the upbringing of a harmonious generation, the relevance and importance of teaching Jadidism in educational institutions for the upliftment of the spiritual world of youth.

The importance of using the spiritual heritage of Jadidism figures in improving the spiritual world of young people

Zarif Begimkulov — 2025-06-16

This article will focus on the most important features of the Jadid activities in educating a harmonious generation, using the spiritual heritage of Jadid figures reflecting the rich history of our nation, and raising the spiritual world of youth.

Current issues of developing a reading culture among advanced training course participants

Zarif Begimkulov — 2025-06-16

This article discusses the organization of systematic work to widely promote reading at the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists in Physical Education and Sports and its branches, and to further develop the reading culture among trainees who come for advanced training.

Positive aspects of the transformation of a state-owned enterprise and an economic society

Zukhriddin Sanjarov — 2025-04-29

The article examines the advantages and disadvantages, as well as scientific proposals and practical recommendations for amending regulatory legal acts on issues of the procedure for transforming a state enterprise into a business entity.

The role of Islambek Gasparali in the emergence and formation of the Jadid movement in Turkestan

Zarif Begimkulov — 2025-06-16

In this article, the reform of the educational system in Uzbek schools at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the innuence of I. Gaspirali on the enlightenment and culture of the national renaissance period in the country, and his interaction with the Uzbek jadids, are highlighted.

The views of the New Enlightenment on human health and physical activity

Zarif Begimkulov — 2025-06-16

This article describes the views of the new enlighteners on establishing a healthy lifestyle among people, raising children to have good qualities, freeing them from various harmful habits and unclean vices, preserving physical and mental health, improving the quality of life, proper nutrition, adhering to a healthy lifestyle, loyalty to national and universal values, health, and the essence of movement and inactivity.

Artificial intelligence in treatment customization and patient monitoring systems in health systems

Jamshidbek Odilov — 2025-06-03

This article examines the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, focusing on treatment customization and patient monitoring systems. AI technologies, including digital twins, machine learning, and IoT-integrated devices, enable personalized treatment plans and real-time health monitoring, enhancing patient outcomes and reducing costs. The study emphasizes AI's role in precision medicine, particularly in oncology, and its ability to empower patients through tailored interventions. However, challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and technical limitations must be addressed to ensure ethical and equitable AI implementation in healthcare.

Organizing a process of continuous professional development for physical education teachers in general secondary schools is an urgent task

Zarif Begimkulov — 2025-06-16

This article describes the urgent task of organizing a process of continuous professional development for physical education teachers in general secondary schools.

Formation of students' research skills on the basis of basic competencies in the process of training in general schools

Zarif Begimkulov — 2025-06-16

This article describes the formation of students 'research activities in general secondary education, the criteria for choosing the methods of planning and solving problems of students' research activities, and the pedagogical and psychological features and stages of their development. It also reveals the research skills of students based on their core competencies, the methods of developing research skills, and experimental work aimed at developing student’s research skills.

Work is being carried out to further develop livestock breeding in the country based on the development strategy of New Uzbekistan

Nargiza Narziyeva — 2025-06-16

This article provides an in-depth study of the content and essence of the President's resolutions and decrees related to the livestock sector, and presents the most important figures and indicators in the resolutions and decrees.

History of Corruption (Corruption in Ancient Rome)

Nargiza Narziyeva — 2025-06-16

The article, based on historical sources, examines the history of corruption in Ancient Rome, its forms and manifestations, attempts to counteract it, as well as the negative consequences for society.

Adapting teaching methods in veterinary science to teaching specialized subjects

Nargiza Narziyeva — 2025-06-16

This article covers in detail the practice of using interactive methods in adapting teaching methods in veterinary science to teaching specialized subjects, the role of interactive methods in improving the quality and efficiency of education, the essence of the effective use of several methods in conducting classes on "Internal Non-Communicable Diseases", the practice of using methods such as "Cooperative Learning", "Work in Small Groups", and "Discussion", a general description of teaching methods and their didactic possibilities.

Head injury associated with long bone fractures: surgical intervention, rehabilitation and emergency care

Farrukh Alimov — 2025-06-05

This paper discusses the integrated approach to treating patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) combined with long bone fractures. It highlights the importance of appropriate surgical timing, coordinated emergency response, and structured rehabilitation. While early stabilization of fractures can enhance outcomes, each case should be managed based on neurological assessment. A joint strategy involving neurosurgery and orthopedics proves most effective.

Effects of environmental factors on the mental development of children with developmental delay

Farrukh Alimov — 2025-06-15

This literature review investigates the environmental factors affecting children's mental development. It assesses how maternal nutrition, malnutrition, pollution, and socioeconomic challenges influence cognitive, behavioral, and language outcomes. Epidemiological and systematic review evidence highlights the relationship between environmental factors and neurodevelopmental delays. The article emphasizes the need for early interventions and cohesive policy strategies to reduce lasting cognitive deficits in children.

Influence of emotional intelligence and anxiety levels on speech development and social adaptation of preschool children

Nodira Ikramova — 2025-06-18

This study explores the influence of emotional intelligence and anxiety on the speech development and social adaptation of preschool children. Emotional intelligence enhances children's communication skills and emotional regulation, fostering improved speech and social integration. In contrast, anxiety can negatively impact emotional regulation, leading to social withdrawal and delayed speech development. Interventions such as social-emotional learning and cognitive-behavioral strategies are highlighted as effective tools for promoting emotional competence and reducing anxiety.

Speech and language growth in preschoolers: the role of parental interaction

Nodira Ikramova — 2025-06-14

Speech and language development in preschool children is profoundly shaped by parental interaction. This study highlights the importance of verbal communication, reading habits, and parental education level in fostering language acquisition between ages 3–6. Interactive shared book reading, storytelling, and verbal engagement improve vocabulary, grammar, and communication skills. Moreover, socioeconomic status and educational background influence the quality of parental support, further affecting speech development outcomes.

The role of educational management in improving the quality of teaching and learning

Nargiza Narziyeva — 2025-07-01

Today, the importance and role of education and educational management in the development and progress of societies and organizations is not hidden from anyone. Basically, improving the scientific level of individuals and the dynamism of organizations and their benefiting from the latest developments in the world of knowledge is not possible without relying on the education and training of talented and dynamic forces, and even increasing the economic, social, political, cultural power and prosperity of learning organizations is dependent on the expansion and development of education and approaches to the educational management system. This article seeks to explain the importance, role and process of educational management in seven areas (individual and scientific characteristics of the teacher, curriculum, educational evaluation, classroom management, educational space and facilities factor, educational management and education system). Finally, the category of educational evaluation, educational management processes and its role in creating growth, creativity, learning and teaching of students and teachers will be mentioned. The results of this research show that educational management is considered one of the most important factors in the educational system; Why are teaching and learning conditions in educational environments constantly subject to various changes? And this educational management can help the education system adapt to those changes. Educational management is one of the most common and best solutions for training teachers and updating their information, and ultimately promoting teachers' career advancement and student learning.