Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
5
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
05-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article intorduces a brief overview of the definitions of civil service and civil servant by scientists, as well as the
laws on civil service and civil servant in Uzbekistan and many foreign countries, as well as their rights, obligations, how
to hire, their principles. There is also a recent law on civil servants in Uzbekistan.
KEYWORDS
Civil servant, civil service, state apparatus, public div, non-governmental, political law, political loyalty, procedure,
principle, competitive. Legitimacy, e-government.
INTRODUCTION
In the twentieth century, attitudes toward public
administration have changed. The state became an
expression of the people's power. Ensuring human
rights and freedoms has become the main task of the
state. Now the state has made serving its citizens a
priority. The government's recognition of individual
liberty in this way has created a relationship with the
civil service. In developed countries, the civil service
Research Article
RELEVANCE AND FEATURES OF PUBLIC SERVICE
Submission Date:
April 27, 2022,
Accepted Date:
May 07, 2022,
Published Date:
May 18, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume02Issue05-02
Azimjon S. Qosimov
Lecturer of “School Management”, Jizzakh state pedagogical institute,
Uzbekistan
Qunduz O. Alimova
Lecturer of “School Management”, Jizzakh state pedagogical institute, Uzbekistan
Murodjon T. Aliyev
PhD Student, Jizzakh state pedagogical institute,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
6
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
05-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
has a separate organizational and legal framework. In
recent years, Uzbekistan has also focused on
organizational and legal reforms in the civil service. A
separate Civil Service Development Agency has been
established. A meritocratic system of employment in
public administration has been created. Serious steps
have been taken to adopt the Civil Service Law.
Therefore, today it is necessary for everyone to know
the civil service and its relations.
"Civil service" is a labor activity aimed at the
implementation of the functions and tasks facing the
state in government agencies within the powers. So
far, many definitions have been given to the concept of
"public service". For example, Professor B.M Lazarev
defines the concept of "Civil Service" as "Civil service is
a service to the state, that is, activities carried out in
public bodies, aimed at the implementation of
functions and responsibilities of the state, instructions,
guidelines and salaries paid by the state." . Or,
according to the lawyer Yu.M. Buravlev: "The civil
service is the organizational and structural structure of
the state apparatus based on current legislation and
the activities of this apparatus to fulfill the functions of
public administration in order to meet the needs of
society, individual rights and legitimate interests of
employees (civil servants)" . Another lawyer,
V.M.Manoxin, said that the civil service is part of the
state activity on the organization and legal regulation
of government agencies and other organizations. The
activities of government agencies and organizations
are focused on the implementation of the tasks and
functions of the state.
The functioning of the state, the state apparatus and
the state of the civil service give the population of the
country an impression of it. An employee acting on
1
Xojiev E. T. Public service: textbook / E. T. Xojiev, G. S.
Ismailova, M. A. Raximova. - Tashkent: 2015. – P:172 .
behalf of the state or the state apparatus is evaluated.
Therefore, it is important how the civil service is
formed in each state. divided into several groups:
Production of goods, material goods, provision of
certain services;
Creation of intangible (spiritual) wealth (for
example, writing books, articles, creating movies
and videos, writing scripts);
Management of socio-cultural spheres (education,
health, culture, labor and social protection);
Public service, activity in all spheres of society;
Social and cultural activities (education, health,
etc.);
Management
of
the
economy
(industry,
agriculture and water management, construction,
transport, communications, services);
Management of administrative and political
spheres (defense, state security, justice, internal
affairs, foreign affairs);
Services provided by non-governmental, public,
religious, international, foreign organizations;
To engage in social activities in order to meet the
specific needs of society in various fields, etc.
1
MAIN PART
Everyone is equally interested in how the concept of
"public service" is interpreted in other countries. The
concept of public service is interpreted almost the
same in foreign countries. In each state, the concept of
public service must be clearly defined in the law. In
many countries, many laws have been enacted to
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
7
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
05-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
regulate civil service relations. For example, Article 2 of
the Law of the Russian Federation “On the
Fundamentals of Civil Service in the Russian
Federation” of July 5, 1995 defines the civil service as a
professional activity to ensure the powers of public
authorities. From the above definition of public service
comes several features
2
:
Civil service is a professional activity, ie an activity
aimed at the implementation of the tasks and
functions of a civil servant before the state;
In the process of carrying out this activity, the
powers of government agencies are exercised;
This activity is aimed at ensuring the functioning of
government agencies;
Such activity ensures the fulfillment of career
obligations.
It should be noted that in this law, the system of civil
service consists of the civil service, military service and
law enforcement.
According to Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of
Belarus "On Civil Service in the Republic of Belarus" of
June 14, 2003, public service is a professional activity
aimed at directly exercising the powers of public
authorities and ensuring the performance of public
functions.
The concept of "public service" is used in almost all
constitutions of the European Union. However, the
United Kingdom and Ireland are excluded. The UK,
however, does not have a “written” constitution, and
2
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 942-12 on Courts,
adopted on September 2, 1993, as amended by Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan No. 162-2, adopted on December 14,
2000
many regulations have been developed and the
principles of public service have been established. It
also has a constitutional basis. In organizing the civil
service, the British Government Commission relied on
the experience of the United States and France.
French civil servants have more political rights and
freedoms than civil servants in the UK, Germany and
the US. In other words, the administrative law of these
countries regulates not only the professional activities
of officials but also their political allegiance. In France,
the opposite is true. In France, a foreign national
cannot be a civil servant. In Germany, the vocational
training required for formal service is determined by
the level of service. In the United States, public service
is divided into competitive and exclusive. More than
90% of all civil servants pass competitive exams. In the
UK, unlike other countries, the modern civil service
institution was recently developed in the 70s of the
post-reform century. The main requirement of civil
servants is loyalty. Recruitment is the responsibility of
the Civil Service Commission. General written exams
have been introduced as a prerequisite for public
service.
3
The French civil service organization combines the
recruitment system with the closed civil service and
career system. Therefore, civil servants are divided into
two main groups:
1.
Services for non-officials working in government
agencies for hiring. This includes those who work
by the hour and on a contract basis, interns.
2.
Officials permanently working in the civil service
system and its supporting components.
3
Xojiev E. T. Public service: textbook / E. T. Xojiev, G. S.
Ismailova, M. A. Raximova. - Tashkent: 2015. – P:172.
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
8
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
05-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In Poland in the 1990s, administrative reforms were
carried
out
to
comprehensively
restructure
administrative activity. Public administration has
identified various areas covering key sectors. Ministers
are responsible for policies and strategies in specific
areas, not for the current government. Complex
administrative procedures at the levels of public
administration have been eliminated. The main
principle of public service in Poland is the transparency
of public administration. Civil servants are divided into
civil servants working on a contract basis and civil
servants employed by civil servants.
Since the creation of this service by Austrian civil
servants in order to serve the state in the eighteenth
century, the civil service has been strictly regulated.
The newly admitted service is formally subordinated to
the administration and is held by a handover ceremony
to avoid disclosure of official information. Civil servants
may not be members of unions and associations or
engage in activities that are considered incompatible
with their liquidation.
The Constitution of Japan has strengthened the
principles of equal access of citizens to public service.
The Public Service Act, passed in Japan in 1947, refers
to competitive examinations by persons recognized
for their public service, professional training, and
business qualities. The purpose of the entrance
examination is to examine whether people can and
cannot perform the functions of the civil service at that
time. Exams can be written or oral. The practice of
competition is organized according to the principle of
"open doors": their time and place are announced
through the media. The content of the selection checks
is the same for some government agencies. The
organization of inspections is assigned to the staff
council. On December 11, at a meeting of the
Committee
on
Democratic
Institutions,
Non-
Governmental Organizations and Citizens' Self-
Government Bodies of the Legislative Chamber of the
Oliy Majlis, the draft law "On Civil Service" was first
discussed.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The purpose of the bill is to regulate the activities of
public authorities in relation to the implementation of
public policy of the civil service.
It provides for the introduction of uniform rules for
entry into the civil service, its transition and
termination. Also, for the first time in the project, the
institute of the status of civil servants is being
introduced.
It is noted that the norms of the draft document apply
only to civil servants working in positions included in
the state register of civil service positions.
Deputies considered in detail the provisions of the bill
relating to the legal and social protection of civil
servants - a single salary system, the order of incentives
and penalties, social security, legal guarantees of
compliance with labor legislation.
Discussions also focused on the introduction of a
system of declaration of income and property of
employees of the bill, the prevention of conflicts of
interest in the civil service, compliance with the rules of
ethics by civil servants.
In the end, it was decided to submit the bill for
consideration in the first reading at the forthcoming
session of the lower house.
The bill was first announced for public discussion in
May 2020. At the time, the document stated that civil
servants were required to file an annual income tax
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
9
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
05-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
return and report conflicts of interest. It was also
envisaged that civil servants would be paid on the basis
of a single system.
CONCLUSION
To sum up, public service is a continuous and
uninterrupted process. Today, the state is the largest
administrative institution. Its main goal is to create
decent conditions for citizens. There are a number of
legal relationships in the civil service itself. Such a
relationship involves a complex process from
employment to termination of employment contract.
Issues of status, rights, freedoms, guarantees of civil
servants are determined by law.
The functioning of the state, the state apparatus and
the state of the civil service create an impression on the
population of the country. Depending on the employee
acting on behalf of the state, an assessment is made of
the state or the state apparatus. Therefore, how public
service is formed in each state is very important.
Proper organization of the civil service also depends on
the legislation adopted in the state. The degree to
which the civil service relationship is legally regulated
determines its development trends. The existing
legislation in the country reflects the content and
current status of the civil service.
In the civil service system, it is important to know how
well the legislation is developed and the mechanism
for its implementation. Emphasizing the urgency of the
issue of training civil servants, the first President Islam
Karimov said: “We all know that we have the principle
that the state is the main reformer. Today, if we use
this phrase in a new way, in a new context, the main
4
Karimov I.A. The Uzbek people will never depend on
anyone. Volume 13 –T .: Uzbekistan, 2005. P.239.
reformer should be a public servant. We all need to
understand that the fate of reforms today is decided,
first of all, by people in positions of responsibility in
state and government agencies, and therefore they are
directly responsible for this issue"
4
Therefore, the rational use of professional qualities,
abilities, abilities and personal capabilities of civil
servants is one of the ways to ensure a high level of
efficiency of public authorities, each branch of
government and each employee.
REFERENCES
1.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 942-12 on
Courts, adopted on September 2, 1993, as
amended by the Law of the Republic of
Uzbekistan No. 162-2, adopted on December 14,
2000.
2.
Kozirin
AN
Public
administration
and
administrative reforms in foreign countries.
Handbook / AN Kozirin.EK Glushko. State
University-Higher School of Economics. 2006. pp.
287
3.
Xojiev E. T. Public service: textbook / E. T. Xojiev,
G. S. Ismailova, M. A. Raximova. - Tashkent: Baktria
press, 2015. - 172 p.
4.
Legal basis of civil service reform in the Republic
of Uzbekistan: roundtable materials. - Tashkent:
2015. - 156 p.
5.
Nazarov, T. (2021). MODERN APPROACHES TO
THE EDUCATION SYSTEM. Journal of Pedagogy
and Psychology in Modern Education, 1 (4).
extracted
from
https://ppmedu.jspi.uz/index.php/ppmedu/article/
view/442
Volume 02 Issue 05-2022
10
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
05
Pages:
05-10
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
6.
Ablyakimova, R., & Alimova, Q. (2021). DIGITAL
ECONOMY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN
EDUCATION. Journal of Pedagogy and Psychology
in modern education, (1). extracted from
https://ppmedu.jspi.uz/index.php/ppmedu/article/
view/1535
7.
Alimova,
Q.
(2021).
MANAGEMENT
OF
INNOVATIVE PROCESSES IN THE PROCESSING
SYSTEM. Djizakskoe innovatsionnoe obrazovanie,
1
(1).
izvlecheno
ot
https://education.jspi.uz/index.php/education/arti
cle/view/564
8.
Botirov, B. F., Usmonov, J., & Ablyakimova, R. I.
(2021). Organization Of Tourism Services In
Uzbekistan Based On The Combination Of
National Styles And Modern Innovations.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CURRENT
RESEARCH CONFERENCES, 53–57
9.
Yuldasheva J.R. Usmanova S.A., Introduction of
modern pedagogical technologies in practice. - T:
Izdatelstvo "Science and Technology". 2008. Page
132
10.
Miraliyeva
D.
World
education
system.
Educational-methodical complex.T: Economics
2016
