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17
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
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05
Pages:
17-24
SJIF
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METADATA
IF
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5.968
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Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In the second half of the XX century, a significant event took place in the Karakalpak national song and dance art, the
folk ensemble "Aykulash" was founded. The ensemble laid the foundation of the choreographic art of Karakalpakstan
with its creative activity. His repertoire has become a model of folk art. For 65 years of its creative activity, the
ensemble has created a singing and dance school in Karakalpakstan. The ensemble presented its unique repertoire to
the peoples of the world.
KEYWORDS
Art, choreography, musical art, national culture, dance, Karakalpak dance, folk songs, male dance, folklore ensemble,
spiritual heritage, cultural ties.
INTRODUCTION
National art, preserved from generation to generation,
reveals to the world the national culture of the people.
This idea was reflected in the speech of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.
Mirziyoyev with representatives of the Uzbek creative
intelligentsia: "Our people are people who love art,
performers, so they want to see them not only from
screens of TVs , but also during the celebration
Research Article
THE ROLE OF THE ENSEMBLE "AYKULASH ZHULDYZLARY" IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ART OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Submission Date:
May 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
May 10, 2022,
Published Date:
May 22, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume02Issue05-04
Zhalgas Aytmuratov
Associate Professor of Archaeology, Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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organized on the occasion of happy events» [1] - he
stressed. For more than half a century of activity, the
folklore ensemble "Aykulash zhuldyzlary" managed to
raise the unforgettable heritage - national art, to a new
level.
In the years since independence, significant historical
events took place that influenced the realization of
our national identity and the revival of our national
values. The art of Karakalpakstan has found
recognition at the international level to the same
extent as the art of any other nation. The collective of
the Karakalpak State Folklore Ensemble "Aykulash
zhuldyzlary" has made a significant contribution in this
matter.
In the XX century, the dance art (in Karakalpak – ayak
oyiny, formed from the German word "tans"), thanks
to the Russian word "dance", became widespread in
the Karakalpak art. The dancer through dance, div
movements, appearance, creates an artistic image.
Dance is one of the oldest forms of folk art, in which
people using movements generalized and transmitted
historical events, traditions, mutual respect, love, joy
and happiness.
MAIN PART
Artistic dance, unique and inimitable images created by
it, are the embodiment of the national culture and art
of the people. Karakalpak choreographic art is a vivid
example of this. The foundations of the national
Karakalpak art were formed in close connection with
the rich spiritual heritage of the people throughout the
centuries of history. Modern Karakalpak artistic dance
reflects the traditions and customs, the culture of the
people, the relationship between members of society,
the traditions of reverent and respectful attitude
towards the elderly. Karakalpak epic works and
legends, immortal creations, "Kyrq kyz", "Alpamys",
"Shahriyar" emdiv the boundless love for the
Motherland, the dreams of our people about a free and
better life. Despite the difficulties and hardships that
the people experienced during their centuries-old
history, they managed to create and preserve a rich
cultural heritage. To date, the Karakalpak State
National Folklore Ensemble “Aykulash zhuldyzlary” is a
prominent representative of the Karakalpak artistic
dance. In its half-century history from the moment of
its foundation until 2006, the ensemble performed
under the name of the Karakalpak State Song and
Dance Ensemble "Aykulash". In 2006, it has been
transformed into the Karakalpak national folklore
ensemble "Aykulash zhuldyzlary".
The second half of the XX century is characterized by
the emergence of new institutions and organizations
that subsequently enriched the genre of national
artistic dance. In 1956, the folk dance ensemble
"Aуkulash" was formed at the Karakalpak State
Theater of Music. In 1957, "Aуkulash" separated from
the theater and became part of the State Philharmonic
[2]. Through its creative activity, it laid the cornerstone
of the choreographic art of Karakalpakstan. The first
dance performances of the ensemble "Ilme Sultan"
and "Shopanlar" entered the permanent repertoire of
the ensemble and became the best examples of folk
art; were staged by the People's Artist of Uzbekistan
and Karakalpakstan, laureate of the Berdakh
Republican Prize Liza Honim Petrosova. In the first
years of the ensemble's existence, its group consisted
of amateur artists from cities and regions of the
republic. Later, the Nukus Art College (now the Nukus
College of Art) became the center for training true
professionals. In 1957, the ensemble passed a special
creative test during the the week of Karakalpak
literature and fine arts in Tashkent. In August of the
same year, the ensemble took part for the first time in
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the sixth world festival of youth and students in
Moscow [3]. The members of the young ensemble
Razgul Allambergenova, Zuleykha Saparova, Oryngul
Muradinova, Kydyrbay Kurbanbayev, Amina Nazarova,
Orynbay Baltabayev, Sadyk Baykhanov, Hapiz Salimov
won the silver medal.
The dancers at the festival became famous not only for
their performing arts, such famous Uzbek artists,
choreographers as Lisa khonim Petrosova, Tamara
Khonim, Ivan Protsenko, Mukarrama Turgunbayeva,
Rozia Karimova, Galiya Izmailova and others were
noted for their choreographic performances.
Possessing high professionalism in the field of Uzbek
choreography, the ensemble group in a relatively short
time not only managed to prepare a number of artistic
performances that adorned its repertoire, but also
throughout the period of its existence was engaged in
the preparation of worthy followers. Among them,
People's Artist of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan,
laureate of the State Prize Polat Madreymov. Since
1970, he has been the artistic director and chief
choreographer of the ensemble. Under his leadership,
a number of choreographic performances were
staged. Among them are: "Auylda toy", "Alty kiz",
"Kyzlar uyge kir", "Kyzlar oyiny", "Lazzat", "Zhilva",
"Lolalar", male dances "Angalak", "Aral zhigitleri",
"Dali zhigit", "Gudalak", "Ushirasyu" and others. The
most significant are the merits of the first performers
of dance performances, honored artists of Uzbekistan
Shamen Zhantileuov, Yusuf Abipov, Sabit Raziev,
Honored
Artists
of
Karakalpakstan
Shaida
Bekmuratova, Raisa Bazarbayeva, Kobeisin Berdibekov
and Polat Nadirbayev [4]. The ensemble has come a
long creative way since its formation. He was popular
with his viewers due to his unique creative character.
These successes have been achieved as a result of the
continuous improvement of the professional skills of
the performers, new experiments and the skillful
performance of folk dances and dances of the peoples
of the world.
In 1974, the ensemble "Aуkulash" became a participant
in the Days of Culture and Literature of Uzbekistan in
Kazakhstan, in 1981 in Tajikistan. On October 25, 1978,
following the results of the year, the "Aуkulash"
ensemble was awarded the Republican Prize. The
background of the ensemble has a very rich traditions.
L.Petrosova,
K.Abdireymov,
A.Tarikhov,
O.Allambergenova, B.Matchanov, G.Syrymbetova,
B.Nadirov, I.Khojametov contributed to the formation
and creative development of the ensemble for their
solo performance skills.
Since 1982, "Aykulash" has been transformed into a
song and dance ensemble. From this period, the
ensemble "Aykulash" began to tour actively,
introducing the peoples of Central Asia to their singing
and dancing art. In addition to Karakalpak folk dances,
his repertoire includes folk dances of the Uzbek,
Kazakh, Moldavian, Ukrainian, Russian and Dagestan
people. Nargul Ruzmatova, Sabira Razieva, Yusup
Abipov were among the most talented and bright
dancers who impressed the experts with their skillful
performances. Over time, the ensemble was
replenished with young talents. Singers D. Atazhanov,
Y. Rakhmatullaev, N. Shokirova, T. Khudaynazarova, E.
Matzhanova, Kh. Allayarov, G. Ayimbetova, S.
Baltaniyazov were remembered by the audience for
their individual performing skills. Music for the dances
was
performed
by
M.Rakhmanova
(rubop),
R.Bazarbayeva (dap), V. Gorskikh (accordion). After
the 1970s, musicians O.Mameshov, H.Paluanov,
B.Kadirovlar joined the collective, in the 1980s
A.Primbetov
(dap),
K.Shukurov
(clarinet),
S.Abdizhamilov (girzhek), S.Amanzholov (girzhek),
O.Temirbaev, K.Atajanov (accordion), who, possessing
professional performing skills, performed the whole
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repertory of the ensemble. Since 2011, the group of
musicians of the ensemble has been headed by S.
Abdizhamilov.
After the Independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan
and the declaring of this day a public holiday, the
ensemble "Aykulash zhuldyzlary" became a regular
participant in the national holidays "Mustakillik",
"Navruz", held in Tashkent. It took part in the
celebrations of the anniversaries of Ahmad Al-Farganiy,
Jaloliddin Manguberdi, Imam at Termeziy, the 2700th
anniversary of "Avesta", the anniversaries
of the cities
of Samarkand and Shakhrisabz, the
1000th anniversary of
dastan "Alpamys", as well as the anniversaries of
Karakalpak poets and enlighteners of the XIX century
Berdakh and Ajiniyaz, held during that period in the
republic.
On April 6, 1996, by the Decree of the First President
I.A. Karimov, the Uzbeknavo touring and concert
department was established. Since July 1, 1996, the
Karakalpak State Song and Dance Ensemble, became
part of the Karakalpak State Philharmonic Society and
ensembles "Amu Tolkyny" and "Gulzar", the
Karakalpak branch of "Uzbeknavo" [5].
During the years of independence, the ensemble
became known as "Aykulash zhuldyzlary". During this
period, Yu.Abipov, S.Raziev, K.Berdikov, K.Allayarov,
Z.Tureniyazova,
S.Baltaniazov,
O.Mameshov,
D.Mambetmuratov
became
famous
for
their
performing skills [6].
The desire to keep the championship at any republican
competition or at a holiday, under the guidance of
choreographer P.Madreymov, has become a good
tradition. In order to achieve such success, it was
necessary to create national dances that were
different from the previous ones, and the performers
had to be highly skilled. The result of such constant
search was the creation of vocal and dance suites
"Amanbaydyn ala ata" during Tashkent Independence
Day celebration in 2000, at the celebration of Navruz
in Tashkent in 2001, "Aydar toy", "Otauga mirat",
"Ellerim bar" at the celebration of Independence Day
in Tashkent in 2002, "Kiyiz basyy" (consisting of 3
parts), "Zhurt basymyz say bolsyn", "Perzentinmen" in
preparation for the celebration of the independence of
our state in 2005.
In 2003, the ensemble "Aykulash" took part in the
International Folklore Festival in South Korea. In
September 2004, dance groups from Uzbekistan took
part in the International Folklore Festival " Silk Road"
in the People's Republic of China. The group included
the ensemble "Aykulash" (10 dancers). Honored
Worker of Culture of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan
Tamara Davletmuratova recalls the ensemble's trip to
China: "With the help of slides and a translator, I told
about the culture of the Karakalpak people, their
history. The interest in our delegation was great.
Everyone was interested: where our ancestors came
from, folklore, choreography, throat singing. I want to
emphasize that the male dance caused a great
resonance among the audience. Such dances as
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"Shabandozlar", "Shagala" were called for an encore
several times.[6]
1
Each production is the result of creativity of the first
Karakalpak ballet master Polat Madreymov. In creating
such artistic and deep choreographic works, a special
role belongs to the talented poet Zaripbay
Khalmuratov, who wrote the songs and the script.
Together, P.Madreymov and the poet Z.Khalmuratov
created such perfect vocal and dance suites and group
dances that were included in the ensemble's
repertoire, such as "Aydar toy", "Yellerim bar", "Kiyiz
basyu", "Oynan-oynan zhigitler", " Kyz zhigitler seyili”,
“Bir kese shay”. The creation of new dance
performances does not happen by itself. It was a huge
work and confrontation, which subsequently turns into
self-confidence. In tandem with the composer P.
Madreymov gave birth to a new production each time.
Being very demanding of himself, he expected the
same attitude from other performers. He asked his
team with whom he spent many years of his life only
one thing: love and respect for dance, discipline and
responsibility.
The performance was so organic that the audience did
not even notice that the master had added his touch to
this story, turning it into a dance. Polat Madreimov
worked hard on himself. He spent all his time searching
for new expressive folklore nuances. Most of his
productions were thematic in nature.
During rehearsals his ensemble is always extremely
conciderate, accurately performing the elements of
the dance, which the master points out. For more than
1
Tamara Davletmuratova.
Nemnogo o kulture
[A little about
culture]. Nukus, Qaraqalpaqstan Publ., 2021. 151 p. (In
Russian)
55 years he has perfected and polished the national
choreography of the republic. I can confidently call him
the founder and father of the professional Karakalpak
dance. From an amateur group, "Aykulash" has turned
into a professional ensemble, which is considered one
of the best in the post-Soviet space.
Despite financial difficulties, hardships, the ensemble
group has maintained its status, raised the bar high and
is still considered the best professional choreographic
group. During the years of independence, he enriched
the folk and ritual stage dances of Karakalpakstan,
created new choreographic performances: "Bir kese
shay", "Toylaryna at oynatyp baraiyk", "Amanbaidyn
ala aty". The result of such tireless work was the
awarding of the orders "Mehnat Shukhrati" and
"Fidokorona mehnatlari uchun".
In 2002, the composition "Yellerim bar" was created to
the music of Zaripbay Khalmuratov. Before leaving for
Tashkent, this dance was shown in the Nukus
amphitheater and caused mixed reactions from a
number of officials. Despite this, the ensemble
performs in Tashkent. During the five days of the
contest, the dance was not fully demonstrated. On the
day of the last-chance performance for the members
of the selection committee, the dancers wore just
sewn costumes and the famous headdress of the
Karakalpak people “Kara kalpak”, which were sewn on
ancient samples by talented designer Gulnara
Yembergenova. The dancers put on wide, long yellow
shapans, which, according to the ancestral traditions,
were decorated with red braid, made from camel hair.
During the dance, the young men wrapped the girls in
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shapans so that they could not be seen, and their joint
movements created the impression that they were
riding. What that is wrapped in shapan was unknown.
The audience could only see the legs of the young men
who portrayed the horsemen. Suddenly out of the
chapans 24 girls appeared. Until that moment, neither
the girls themselves nor their legs were seen to the
audience [7]. Surprised by this trick, the audience
began to applaud. Minister of Culture Tamara
Dauletmuratova, watching the dance, shed a tear,
admiring the work of the ensemble. The first President
Islam Abduganievich Karimov, who took part in the
celebration of the 70th anniversary of Nukus in 2003,
evaluating the work of the ensemble "Aykulash
zhulduzlary", noted: "If the ensemble took part in the
competition, I would give them the first place [8]. This
assessment of the Head of State was welcomed by the
audience.
During the last years, the ensemble has staged vocal
and dance suites to the music of Nazhimatdin
Mukhammeddinov. Among them, the attention of a
wide audience is drawn by the dance “Bayram bugun”,
“Epsinbay”, “Bir kese shay”, “Kiyiz basyu”, the music
to which was written by Z. Khalmuratov, as well as the
dance “Aydar toy” to folk music. As a result of many
years of creative activity of the ensemble, honored
artists and talented ballet dancers Salima Sarsenova,
Zarafshan
Nuratdinova,
Sultan
Kunnazarov,
Gulchekhra Amanbayeva, Konys Tilegenov, Rakhim
Muradov appeared in the republic. Murat Bekmuratov,
Sultan
Duysenbayev,
Mukhabbat
Bekchanova,
Mukhabbat Sultabayeva and other dancers who,
thanks to their skill, occupied a leading position in the
ensemble became one of the most popular ballet
performers. To date, the Karakalpak folklore ensemble
"Aykulash zhuldyzlary", during its more than half a
century of creative activity, has created many folk and
processional dances. A huge role in enriching the
repertoire of the ensemble, its popularization
throughout the world belongs to its director, chief
choreographer, People's Artist of Uzbekistan and
Karakalpakstan, laureate of the state prize, Honored
Worker of Culture of Tatarstan, director and the first
Karakalpak ballet master Polat Madreymov.
Thanks to the creativity of Polat Madreymov,
Karakalpak folk dances, national choreography,
choreographic compositions, vocal and choreographic
suites have been developed. Since the Anniversary of
the Proclamation Day of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
annually, "Aykulash zhulduzlary" takes part in
competitions organized in honor of the celebration of
this date, makes its worthy contribution. The creative
activity of the first Karakalpak choreographer Polat
Madreymov, who enriched the repertoire of the
ensemble with compositions of folk dances, created
historical and modern dances with national flavor, was
highly appreciated by our government. On November
30, 1992, by the Decree of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, for many years of painstaking work, for
exemplary preparation in holding and organizing the
celebration of Independence Day in Tashkent, he was
awarded a Certificate of Honor. He was awarded the
Second Certificate of Honor on December 19, 1992 for
creative activity during the 60th anniversary of the city
of Nukus, which was attended by the first President I.A.
Karimov. Dances performed by the ensemble every
year gain a new audience and have become real
"ambassadors of culture and friendship." The fact is
that the ensemble has contributed to the development
of interethnic cultural ties, introducing the peoples of
the world to our national art. To date, the Karakalpak
national folklore ensemble "Aykulash zhulduzlary"
with its constant number of performers: 24 boys and
24 girls, worthily represents the peoples of Uzbekistan
and Karakalpakstan on many ballet stages of the
world, performs masterpieces of national folklore and
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modern dance. The creative activity of the chief
choreographer of the ensemble Polat Madreimov, who
respected the national art of the Karakalpak people
and achieved significant success, was appreciated. By
the Decree of the President, he was awarded in 2000
the Order of "Mehnat Shuhrati", in 2006 the Order of
"Fidokorona Mehnati Uchun". In 2015, in Samarkand, at
the "Sharq taronalari" festival, musicians of the folk
folklore ensemble "Aykulash Zhuldyzlary", under the
leadership of the People's Artist of Karakalpakstan
Sultan Abdizhamilov, took part performing the
composition "Karakalpak navolari", consisting of three
parts and were awarded a special UNESCO diploma of
the second degree [9].
CONCLUSION
On November 27, 2021, the 65th anniversary of the
founding of the ensemble was widely celebrated in the
republic. Therefore, archival photos from the
collection of the "Aykulash " ensemble were exhibited
in the foyer of the Berdakh Karakalpak State Academic
Theater, an exhibition of national costumes was
organized and videos dedicated to the history of the
ensemble were shown. During its creative activity, the
Karakalpak national folklore ensemble "Aykulash" has
played a great role in the development of our national
culture. The ensemble's collective still goes on creative
business trips to Russia, Bashkortostan, Azerbaijan,
Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Turkey and a
number of other countries, actively participates in
international festivals, participates in the days of
"culture and literature of Karakalpakstan" which have
been arranged over the years, thus contributing to the
strengthening of cultural and friendly ties.
The historical activity of the ensemble is an example for
future generations and allows us to appreciate our
national art. In conclusion, I would like to once again
draw attention to the words of the first President of
Uzbekistan: “The Karakalpak intelligentsia is to be
commended, first of all, the creative intelligentsia:
poets and writers, artists and composers, famous
artists, as well as young people who are just starting
their creative activity, who has created such a beautiful
art and culture, preserved it and pass it from
generation to generation. As long as there is such
literature, such art, such culture, the Karakalpak people
will not be forgotten...” [10]. The historical activity of
the ensemble leaves behind for future generations an
example of the careful attitude to our national values,
national culture and national art, - he noted.
In summing up the research, it should be said that at
the present stage, the national folklore ensemble
"Aykulash zhuldyzlary" for its 65-year creative activity,
firstly, laid the foundations of choreographic art in
Karakalpakstan, secondly, created the best examples
of folk art, thirdly, laid the foundations of the art of
song and dance in the republic, fourthly, the
ensemble's collective, with its unique repertoire, has
made a significant contribution to the introducing the
peoples of the world to our national art.
REFERENCES
1.
Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Xalqimizning roziligi bizning
faoliyatimizga berilgan eng oliy bahodir [ The
highest appreciation of our activity is the
approval by the people ]. vol. 2, Tashkent:
Uzbekistan. NMIU Publ., 2018. 201 p. (In Uzbek)
2.
Khodjametova
G.I.,
Koshchanov
B.A.
Muzikalnaya kultura Karakalpakstana [Musical
culture of Karakalpakstan]. 1950-2005 Nukus,
Bilim Publ., 2007. 33 p. (In Russian)
3.
Petrosova
E.A.
Karakalpakskiy
tanets
[Karakalpak dance]. Tashkent, Gafur Gulyam
Publ., 1976. 11 p. (In Russian)
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Publisher:
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4.
Bayram Muradov. Zvezdy Aykulasha [Stars of
Aykulash].
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newspaper
"Vesti
Karakalpakstan" dated April 28, 2009, No. 34
(17398). (In Russian)
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Tekushchiy arkhiv ministerstva kultury RK [The
current archive of the Ministry of Culture of the
Republic of Karakalpakststan]. Report for
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