Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
28
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
28
-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the criteria for stylistic classifications of the vocabulary of a language used by native and foreign
linguists. The reasons for the ambiguity and inconsistency of the results obtained are analyzed, which are explained
by the use of several criteria in one classification at once. The author delimits and systematizes the criteria for the
classification of vocabulary and shows that such an approach can resolve some controversial classification issues.
KEYWORDS
Language means, communication goals, neutral vocabulary, functional-stylistic classification, oral colloquial speech,
official relations, connotative meanings, stylistically marked words.
INTRODUCTION
The problem of classifying the vocabulary of a
language is, to one degree or another, of concern to
any language discipline and is decided in accordance
with the objectives and specifics of the study. The
relevance of solving the problem of vocabulary
differentiation for such disciplines as stylistics and
sociolinguistics is explained by the need to justify the
choice of language means adequate to various
situations and communication goals.
The diversity and multiplicity of native and foreign
classifications of vocabulary in the absence of unified
approaches led to the setting of the goal of this work -
to streamline the criteria for classifying the vocabulary
Research Article
THE STYLISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF VOCABULARY
Submission Date:
December 03, 2022,
Accepted Date:
December 08, 2022,
Published Date:
December 13, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume02Issue12-05
Norova Mavluda Fayzulloyevna
Associate Professor At The Department Of English Language At The Bukhara State Medical Institute Named
After Abu Ali Ibn Sino Doctor Of Philosophy In Philology, Phd, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
I
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12
Pages:
28
-34
SJIF
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(2021:
5.
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(2022:
6.
015
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OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
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Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of a language, which involves solving the following
tasks: to analyze the existing classifications of
vocabulary for their logical correctness, to identify
shortcomings and suggest ways to overcome them.
Most linguists, classifying the lexical composition of
the language in terms of stylistic affiliation, distinguish
three groups: literary (bookish, formal), neutral and
colloquial (informal) vocabulary.
Such a tripartite approach to the stylistic classification
of the vocabulary of the language is supported by
Russian Anglistics. For example, I.V. Arnold, depending
on the use in certain areas of human communication,
distinguishes stylistically neutral English vocabulary,
which is used in any context, and stylistically limited
vocabulary - bookish and colloquial [1, 3].
I.V. Arnold at the same time distinguishes between the
concepts of “bookish” and “colloquial” vocabulary, on
the one hand, and “written” and “oral” speech, on the
other hand: “The division into colloquial and bookish
vocabulary does not at all imply that the first can used
only in oral speech, and the second only in writing. On
the contrary, in a dramatic or some other work of art,
colloquial speech can be recorded in written, and a
lecture, report, etc. forms of public, and not everyday
communication are made in the styles of scientific or
oratory, related to the varieties of bookish speech” [2,
4].
I.R. Galperin, on the contrary, assigns the form of
speech (written or oral) to groups of vocabulary of a
certain style, and for the functional-stylistic
classification of the English dictionary, he uses the
criterion of the type of speech - written literary and oral
colloquial speech [3, 2].
The opposition of groups of bookish and colloquial
vocabulary in the presence of a neutral group is also
preserved by many researchers of the vocabulary of
the Russian language. So, N.A. Kupina and T.V.
Matveeva, from a functional-stylistic point of view,
subdivide all the means of the Russian language,
including lexical ones, into interstyle means and means
that have a functional-stylistic mark (bookish and
colloquial means). N.A. Kupina and T.V. Matveeva take
the connection of a linguistic means fixed in the
language with one or another sphere of its use as the
basis for the classification: “Bookish style coloring
indicates the use of this means in those styles of
speech that are realized mainly in written or printed
form (hence the term bookish styles) in the form of a
monologue and imply official relations between the
communicants” [4, 3]. Thus, N.A. Kupina and T.V.
Matveeva understand three criteria at once as the
sphere of use of language means: the form of speech
(written - oral), the type of speech (monologue -
dialogue) and the type of relations of communicants.
Based on these characteristics, colloquial means are
also determined: “Colloquial styli
stic coloring is
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
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OCLC
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opposed to bookish, since it is associated with
opposite
conditions
for
implementation:
predominantly
oral
form,
dialogic
type
of
communication
and
informal
relations
of
communicants” [5, 3].
This point of view intersects with the position of I. R.
Galperin, who singles out written literary and oral
colloquial vocabulary. However, the clause “mainly”
indicates the ambiguity of attaching vocabulary to a
certain form of speech
–
written or oral [6, 4]. We
believe that the form of speech could serve as a
criterion for the classification of vocabulary in the past,
when there was a big difference between written and
oral genres and the boundary was clearer. In the
modern age of information technology, there is a
mixture and interweaving of the genres of oral and
written speech. New written genres such as text
messages, emails and social media correspondence
prioritize colloquial vocabulary in all its diversity. The
choice of vocabulary is determined not by the form of
speech, but by its other parameters, for example, the
nature of the relationship of communicants and the
purpose of communication. Thus, we consider the use
of the form of speech as a criterion for classifying the
vocabulary of a modern language inappropriate.
Another criterion - the connotative coloring of
vocabulary is used by the vast majority of linguists, but
it is applied in different ways.
G.B. Antrushina, O.V. Afanasyeva, N.N. Morozova,
speaking about the classification of the vocabulary of
the English language, put the presence of connotation
in a word and its belonging to a functional style into
direct dependence. Therefore, the basic vocabulary -
the vocabulary core of the language is, on the one
hand, stylistically neutral vocabulary used in all
situations of communication, and on the other hand,
vocabulary devoid of any connotative meanings [7, 5].
The basic vocabulary is opposed by two groups of
stylistically marked words - informal and formal
vocabulary [8, 3].
It seems that the only group that does not cause
controversy is colloquial vocabulary. However, the list
of subgroups classified as colloquial vocabulary
convinces us of the opposite. Groups are offered in
various combinations with each other: familiar,
colloquial
words,
slang,
jargon,
slang,
professionalisms, vulgarisms, dialectisms. The same
group can be distinguished by different authors
according to different criteria. For example, P.A.
Lekant and his co-authors apply the criterion of social
usage, characterizing jargon as a vocabulary of limited
use [9, 3], and V.G.Kostomarov and V.I. Maksimov, as
we noted above, refer jargon to reduced vocabulary in
accordance with stylistic connotation [10, 4].
Thus, the existing disagreements in the classifications
of the lexical stock of the language are explained by
the incorrect choice and application of criteria. To
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
31
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
28
-34
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
resolve the identified classification contradictions and
streamline the criteria, we propose to apply the
following provisions.
1. The criteria for the form of speech (written - oral)
and the form of speech implementation (bookish -
colloquial) are inappropriate for classifying the
vocabulary of a modern language.
2. The main qualifying criterion is the type of
relationship between communicants (formal -
informal). This criterion largely determines, but does
not make completely dependent on it, other
characteristics of the word, which are the object of
independent classifications according to the relevant
criteria.
3. Such independent criteria are social prevalence
(general use - limited use) and the connotation of the
word, which, in accordance with its structure, provides
criteria for expressiveness and evaluativeness.
4. The new qualification criterion of ethical
permissibility reflects the observance of the
communicative norm and allows to eliminate the
inconsistency of dictionary labels with the general
meaning of “rough”.
In addition, the correct classification of vocabulary
depends on the application of a number of logical
principles: the use of one criterion for one
classification, the observance of the unity of the
criterion
when
selecting
groups
within
the
classification, the volume of which should not
intersect, but generally constitute the volume of the
object being classified.
Compliance with these proposals makes it possible to
obtain
several
independent
classifications
of
vocabulary, reflecting the complex multidimensional
nature of the lexical system of the language.
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