Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
103
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
103-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article talks about the psychological characteristics of primary school students. When we say characteristics
specific to students, it is meant that the child is objectively and subjectively suitable for school requirements. He will
be ready for school education primarily from a physical and psychological point of view. Consequently, his psyche
develops enough to acquire knowledge. From this age, the sharpness, clarity, purity, accuracy of the child's
perception, his curiosity, kindness, benevolence, trustworthiness, the brightness of his imagination, the strength of
his memory, the clarity of his thinking are different from those of his age.
KEYWORDS
Observation, attention, perception, memory, junior school age, observation, learning.
INTRODUCTION
It will be known that the intellectual and spiritual
potential of our people is an important factor of the
strength of our nation, that all the best qualities of the
growing generation are manifested in the youth, and
that they understand the wise experience of the older
generations is a continuous process. The educational
process is complex and multifaceted.
Research Article
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Submission Date:
December 19, 2022,
Accepted Date:
December 24, 2022,
Published Date:
December 29, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume02Issue12-16
Akmalova Gulhayo Faxriddin Qizi
Master, Termiz State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
104
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
103-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The success and effective result of this process
depends on the legal rules of the educational process,
i.e. to what extent they follow the didactic
requirements for education. A. Komensky was the
reason. He believes that as one thing in nature is
related to another, so in education everything is
related to another, so that the knowledge learned in
each activity paves the way for the next knowledge
learned.
The role of the methods used in the teaching process is
of great importance in increasing the effectiveness of
education. Teaching methods mean the cooperative
activities of teachers and students aimed at achieving
the expected goal in the educational process. Teaching
methods determine the activities of the teacher and
student in the educational process, how to organize
and conduct the teaching process.
Today, the use of computers, multimedia, overhead
projectors and similar tools gives a good result in
increasing the effectiveness of education.
Students of primary (1-4) grades 6-10 years old are
included in the junior school age period. A child is
prepared for school education while being raised in
kindergarten. In this way, at school, he will get
acquainted with various requirements for students, he
will be biologically and psychologically ready to learn
the basics of science. has a certain level of skill in
managing his attention and tends to concentrate at the
right time. His memory will have the ability to carefully
remember and recall information and events that will
surprise an interesting, wonderful, strange person.
Until this time, he has been learning this or that
information directly under the guidance of adults, now
he tries to set a clear goal and task for himself to collect
the necessary information. This activity of the child
means that his memory has developed to a certain
extent. He often repeats poems, stories, fairy tales and
uses the most convenient ways and methods to
memorize them, which is very useful for him in the
educational process.
Although a first-grader often organizes knowledge
based on the memory of a vivid image, this work does
not exclude other types of memory, on the contrary,
education requires the memory of word logic. Word
logic provides a wide opportunity to understand the
meaning of the existence of memory and increase the
efficiency of the process of remembering. It is known
from experience that a child has the ability to
remember meaningful concepts faster and more firmly
than meaningless words.
At the stage of preparation for school education, his
speech is sufficient for communication with adults,
listening to people's thoughts and understanding them
correctly, and the structure of speech is logically
consistent in accordance with grammatical rules,
expressive in terms of quantity and scope. He can
understand information about what he hears and sees.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
105
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
103-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
He is able to describe the information he has in a
certain order. Mental activity operations are used
appropriately. For example, he compares and clarifies
them. Separates groups, summarizes, tries to make
judgments and conclusions. Researches of major
psychologists, the intelligently organized educational
process rapidly develops the thinking of children of this
age. Researches of major psychologists, the
intelligently organized educational process rapidly
develops the thinking of children of this age. For
example, they learn the scientific concepts of
linguistics, physics, and mathematics. They make
simpler problems. They can do lighter exercises. They
tend to think creatively and productively. When we talk
about the mental preparation of a 6-year-old child, it is
often the psyche that serves as the basis for a
coherent, coherent primary education based on a
specific plan. we mean the level of growth. Also, for
education, in addition to the level of mental growth, it
is appropriate to take into account such factors as the
peculiarities of the child's life and activity conditions,
his health readiness, mastery of simple skills. All of the
above represent the objective aspects of the child's
psychological preparation for school education. There
is also a subjective aspect of preparing a child for
school education. His desire to study at school, his
desire to communicate with people of his age are
inextricably linked with this preparation. By this time,
the child has a correct idea about learning. He
understands the responsible duties of the members of
the school team and tends to follow their instructions.
But since all children are not the same, there are
important differences between them. Some children
want to go to school with their whole div.
Continuously counts how much time is left to study.
He is satisfied with preparing educational materials in
advance. Another child goes so far as to drop out of
school regardless. A negative attitude towards
studying often arises as a result of bullying by adults.
Also, the words of mothers and fathers about "difficult
experiences and situations" at school, forcing children
to study more at home, also create a negative attitude
towards learning. they face mental obstacles.
When organizing educational work at school, taking
into account the anatomical and physiological
characteristics of children of small school age and the
level of physical maturity is a guarantee of success.
A primary school student grows biologically relatively
harmoniously. His height and weight, the size of his
lungs develop proportionately. School education
changes the student's lifestyle, social position, and the
situation in the class community and family
environment. Its main task is to acquire knowledge
from studies, acquire skills and abilities, and master the
laws of nature and society.
Education requires a certain level of organization,
aspiration, volitional activity and purposeful activity.
Involuntary behavior begins to be replaced by planned
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
106
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
103-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
mental work. He is in a certain class group with his
peers. Therefore, he always faces the task of
protecting the interests of the class community,
subordinating personal desires to the aspirations of
the whole community, mutual help, mutual demand,
social responsibility and sense of duty.
In the process of education, the demands placed on
the student become stronger and more complicated.
From the first day of study, various conflicts,
contradictions, and internal conflicts arise that drive
the growth of a child of junior school age. At the heart
of these lies the positive result of the child's
psychological development and the contradictions
between characteristics and requirements.
The ever-increasing demands require the continuous
growth of the child, and as a result of the continuous
benefit of this great chain, human development is
realized. One of the important characteristics of a child
of primary school age is that he has specific needs.
In essence, these needs are not aimed at acquiring
certain knowledge, skills and abilities, but only reflect
the desire to learn. These needs include the desire to
have a lesson preparation corner, a bookshelf in one's
bag, and the feeling of attending school every day as
an adult. In addition, the joy of the day of knowledge,
the time of admission to the school, the sincere wishes
of the school administration and teachers, and the
congratulations of the top students have a positive
effect on the child's feelings. Walking in line with
classmates, playing together, going to the kitchen, and
the teacher's instructions are also captivating. In
general, a child of elementary school age does not
understand the essence and purpose of studying, but
everyone thinks that he should go to school. But he
diligently follows the instructions of adults and starts
training. The interest in acquiring knowledge in the
content of education is inextricably linked with the
student's feeling of satisfaction as a result of his mental
work. This is inextricably linked with the teacher's
feelings.
This feeling is manifested by the teacher's
encouragement and forms the student's desire to
work more effectively. The pride and self-confidence
created in the child serve to acquire knowledge and
strengthen skills.
Their educational effect increases only in the measure
of encouragement and punishment. Evaluating the
activities of students of junior school age is important
in forming a positive attitude towards learning.
One of the important characteristics of the students of
junior school age is the feeling of confidence and high
passion in the teacher. That is why the teacher has a
great opportunity to have an educational impact on
the child. He sees in the figure of a teacher a dignified
person who realizes his good intentions and wonderful
feelings.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
107
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
103-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The authority of parents, other family members,
relatives, and acquaintances decreases sharply in front
of the teacher's reputation. Therefore, children accept
every word of the teacher as a law. As a result of the
child's mental growth, his attitude towards the
position of the teacher changes, because the need for
conscious behavior arises in him. The teacher has many
problems and questions. He begins to understand that
everything in life is not as easy as he thought. He tries
to find answers to these questions personally and asks
these questions to other people.
It is necessary to form such qualities as self-control,
self-control, and overcoming difficulties. To do this, use
the method of comprehensive exposure. It creates
important conditions for the development of
intelligence,
observation,
memorization,
memorization, recalling abilities of children of junior
school age, children's ability to read, write, forms
calculation skills.
In addition, during this educational process, the scope
of their knowledge expands, their interest in
knowledge increases, their ability to search creatively
develops, their thinking becomes more active, their
independence increases, and their intellectual
potential is used. A positive attitude towards academic
subjects includes a sense of responsibility towards the
public, a sense of the social importance of learning.
Children of this age are sharply different from people
of other young age with the clarity, fluency, purity,
sharpness of their perception. They have the
opportunity to acquire important features of
perception due to their attention to everything.
The reason for this can be explained by the
predominance of the 1st signal system in their higher
nervous activity. A negative feature of the perception
of students of junior school age is the weakness in
distinguishing objects from each other. As a result,
similar letters and words cannot fully imagine the
difference in the spatial location of the shape of the
image of things. And sometimes they notice things that
are beyond the reach of adults.
The student only perceives what the teacher
recommends, according to his needs, interests,
aspirations and life activities. Another feature of the
perception of students of junior school age is the
richness of various bright colors, clear images and
emotions. That's why they first perceive things and
events that evoke bright emotions.
Children of primary school age develop involuntary
attention. One of the characteristics of attention in 1-2
graders is that it is not stable enough. Therefore, they
cannot focus on certain things.
A number of studies show that students of 1-2 grades
can only sit attentively in class for 30-35 minutes. is
behind.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
108
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
103-108
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The student will have the opportunity to consciously
control his memory, to remember, to remember, to
adapt the processes of remembering to the purpose of
the activity. Due to the superiority of the first signal
system over the second signal system, instructional
memory plays a more important role than logical
memory in students. Voluntary recall and the
productivity of voluntary recall largely depend on the
level of mental activity of students.
REFERENCES
1.
Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 "On the
development strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-
2026" No. PF-60 // National database of legislative
information, 06/22/113 /0330-issue.
2.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. About
education. ORQ-637. September 23, 2020. National
database of legal documents, 24.09.2020, No.
03/20/637/1313-
3.
Joraev N.S. Psychological characteristics of the
formation of study motives in students of junior
school age: psychol. science. name diss... Tashkent,
2009.
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149 p.
4.
Use of interactive methods // Elementary
education, 2008. No. 11, 26¬31 p.5. Sherimbetova
Z.Sh. Psychological characteristics of students who
do not learn in primary grades: psychol. science.
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