Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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03
ISSUE
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SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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)
(2023:
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the development of fruit and vegetable clusters in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author in his
study points out the relevance of the problems associated with the development and implementation of fruit and
vegetable clusters in different regions of the country. As part of the study, the author studied the experience of
introducing fruit and vegetable clusters and the conditions for their improvement. The relevance of the research topic
comes from its significance at the present time. In the course of the study, an analysis was carried out and
recommendations were given for the effective use of the relevant clusters in the agriculture of Uzbekistan.
KEYWORDS
Agriculture, fruit and vegetable clusters, fruits, vegetables, infrastructure, agro-logistics centers.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays in our country more and more attention is
paid to the development of fruit and vegetable
clusters. This is predetermined by the fact that this
system and its implementation in agriculture shows its
effectiveness.
As part of our research, we would like to consider
priority areas for the introduction and development of
fruit and vegetable clusters.
The question arises - why it is fruit and vegetable
clusters and the answer - because Uzbekistan has great
potential for the development of this sphere, taking
Research Article
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CLUSTERS
IN UZBEKISTAN
Submission Date:
December 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 05, 2023,
Published Date:
December 10, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue12-04
Uzganbayeva Dilnoza To
‘Xtasinovna
Assistant At The Department Of Economics Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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into account the geographical location and natural and
climatic conditions.
In the process of agricultural development in our
country, priority is given to the cluster system. In
cotton-textile, cereal, fruit and vegetable and
viticulture clusters, qualitative and quantitative
indicators of production are steadily increasing.
Clusters are also organized in the horticultural sector
of agriculture. However, the results of their work have
not yet matched the potential. Thus, it is estimated
that the industry is able to export products worth 5
billion dollars, now the figure is 1.2 billion dollars. In
particular, fruit and vegetable clusters in the Asaki,
Angor, Denau, Jambai, Samarkand, Altyaryk, Kuvinsky,
Yukorichirik and Yangikurgan districts are currently
successfully exporting products worth 20-25 million
dollars.
The specialists analyzed the existing opportunities and
problems in the sphere, discussed measures to
increase the yield and employment of the population.
It should be noted that in the past, for example, only
raw materials were sold in cotton production. In the
best-rated years, the revenue was about $1 billion. And
now, processing cotton in our country will reach the
target of 3 billion dollars. And this is only the indicator
of export. And how many more jobs, sources for
income and taxes have been created. If you organize
your work correctly, this result can be achieved in
horticulture. The Head of State has repeatedly stated
that there are many opportunities for this.
At present, it is planned to introduce a new system of
development of fruit and vegetable clusters, dekhkan
and auxiliary farms, their financing, as well as
expansion of the provision of agricultural services.
ANALYSIS OF USED LITERATURE
Intensification of production is an important element
of the mechanism of effective development of the
vegetable cluster. The need to use intensive
production factors in fruit production is widely
discussed in the scientific literature. For example, such
Russian scientists as E. P. Akimova, E. A. Egorov, I. M.
Kulikov, A.A Sushkov etc. indicate the innovation of
this process, the use of new scientific and
technological developments. [2, 3, 4, 5]. A. M.
Magomedov stresses the need to create a set of
additional measures of state support for the further
development of horticulture in our country, including
perennial plantations with the use of intensive
technologies. However, Magomedov’s study states
that " a new concept of intensive garden in this field of
fruit vegetables should be introduced and used.
Magomedov A. in his research notes the need to
introduce on the basis of enterprises with high
efficiency clusters of auxiliary services, which will
provide services for the construction of nurseries, have
their own equipment park, refrigeration warehouse,
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drying equipment, product grading and packaging. [6]
Domestic authors such as S.Eshankulov and H.Urbiba
note that it is necessary to approach the process
strategically and involve innovative technologies in the
agro-industrial formations of the country. [7]
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
In modern times, every State is striving to increase
exports of domestic products, and Uzbekistan is no
exception.
On the part of the Uzbek Government and the
President, comprehensive measures are being taken to
expand exports, including fruit and vegetable
products.
In order to meet the demand of our population for fruit
and vegetable products, according to forecasts by
experts in this area, about 80 per cent of the total
volume of fruit and vegetable production in the
Republic is enough, and the remainder is processed for
industrial purposes (14 per cent) and exported (3%) and
seed targets (3%).
Thanks to the comprehensive support of fruit and
vegetable producers and exporters, the export of
fruits and vegetables, both fresh and processed, is
increasing every year.
It should be noted that the importing countries of our
products highly appreciate its quality characteristics.
On October 17, 2018, the President of Uzbekistan
granted the right to export products without advance
payment, opening a letter of credit, issuing a bank
guarantee and having an export contract insurance
policy against political and commercial risks.
At the same time, exporters who have not received
export revenues in a timely manner will be entered into
the register of unscrupulous exporters and will be
subject to 100 per cent prepayment requirements
when exporting fruit and vegetables.
Second and third place was also for dried fruits: prunes
and kuraga were among the top three products that
Uzbekistan supplied to CIS shits on the volume of sales.
If we analyze the fruits for which the most dramatic
increase in supplies is observed, it is worth noting, first
of all, fresh apricot. Its export from Uzbekistan to the
CIS market increased almost 14 times to 168 tons or 240
thousand dollars.
It is also noteworthy that Uzbek producers, as
exporters of horticultural products with the support of
the Government and the President, are expanding
their export geography.
Since June this year, fresh fruit from Uzbekistan has
been delivered to the Indian market. Cherry and
apricots were sold in beautifully designed boxes with
the inscription «Natural Fruits From Uzbekistan» in
Delhi wholesale centers.
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Dekhkan (personal auxiliary) farms account for 56.9%
of the total production and farms - 40%. The smallest
amount was observed in organizations carrying out
agricultural activities - 3.1% of total production.
Horticultural enterprises differ significantly in their
tasks, conditions, size of production, level of
specialization and intensity, combination and
management of industries achieved by economic
indicators. Despite the great diversity can be
distinguished four of the most promising types of
specialized enterprises: fruit, fruit and berry, fruit and
canned, fruit and nursery.
The main difference between Uzbek fresh fruits and
dried fruits, unlike similar products from other
countries, are their quality characteristics, that is,
taste. The foreign consumer, having tried at least once
Uzbek fruits, will not buy other fruits, which is firmly
convinced by business representatives from the
importing states.
In our view, our producers should pay attention when
growing horticultural products to the use of harmless
fertilizers, as the trend in recent decades is increasing
the use of pesticides in agriculture. The analysis of the
industry shows the following results. Since 1 March
2022, horticultural clusters (cooperatives) and farms
with an export contract are reimbursed 50% of the
insurance premium paid when using the fruit and
vegetable crop risk insurance service, but not more
than 1% of the insurance amount. The insurance
amount should not be less than 70% of the value of the
crop insured against risk. Clusters and cooperatives will
be able to receive 50% compensation for the cost of
attracting qualified agronomists, entomologists,
laboratory specialists from abroad, but not more than
$ 1000 per month. In this case, clusters are
recommended to conduct training seminars on the
creation of gardens and vineyards, growing
vegetables, potatoes, melons, pulses and oilseeds for
producers of products fixed to them.
It should be noted that in a number of ministries,
including the Ministry of Economy and Finance, the
Ministry of Investment, Industry and Trade, The
Ministry of Energy and others were instructed by the
end of 2022 to raise loan funds of the Asian
Development Bank in the amount of up to $100 million
for the construction of external engineering networks
(electricity, natural gas, drinking water and sewerage
network, roads)necessary for fruit and vegetable
clusters (cooperatives), processing enterprises and
agrologistic centres, and repair of existing ones. This
will have positive results for the development of the
horticultural sphere.
At present, the Agency for the Development of
Horticulture and Greenhouse Economy at the Ministry
of Agriculture has been entrusted with solving the
problems of fruit and vegetable growing clusters. In
the regions of Uzbekistan, the Agency’s departments
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and project offices will be established to assist clusters
and cooperatives that grow, store and process
vegetables, potatoes, flowers, melons, greenery and
medicinal plants, and the creation of a value chain
based on the principle of «field to counter». At the
same time, the Agency’s structures are allowed to
provide natural and legal persons with paid services in
the field of agriculture on a contractual basis.
On the positive side, in December 2020, the Ministry of
Agriculture of the Republic signed an agreement with
the French company Rungis Sammaris («Rangis
Sammaris») to create eight large agro-logistic centers
in Uzbekistan. They were to be built on the outskirts of
major cities. The total area will be about 200 hectares
with a total capacity of more than 3 million tons of
agricultural products per year. The largest agrologistic
center, Tashkent, will occupy an area of 70-100
hectares, the most compact, Khorezm, - 10 hectares.
Within each individual agrologistic center it is planned
to concentrate all necessary facilities: cross-docks,
trade pavilions, hotels, representative offices of banks,
trade enterprises and agricultural companies. In
addition, sorting, calibration, drying, processing,
storage, transportation, delivery, customs clearance,
quarantine, food safety certification, marketing
consultations of specialists and others are planned.
According to statistics, more than 20 million tons of
fruits and vegetables were collected in Uzbekistan in
2021, and about 1.5 million tons of fruit and vegetable
products were exported to 65 countries. According to
authorities, the fruit and vegetable industry is able to
export $5 billion, but so far this figure is only $1.2 billion.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
In conclusion, there are several factors that determine
the high efficiency of fruit and vegetable production in
our research work. The innovation pathway, which is
an important way to improve the efficiency of fruit and
vegetable production, is of great importance in
intensifying quality. This direction is realized not only
on the basis of quantitative growth of resources in
horticulture, but, above all, on the basis of their
rational use. The intensification of the horticultural
sector ensures efficient functioning of material, labor
and financial resources, faster growth of production of
horticultural products than growth of cost. The main
directions of intensification of the fruit and vegetable
industry are: creation of new high-yield intensive
horticultural areas; further improvement of the
composition of the seedlings is a topical issue.
Intensive gardens based on high-yielding horticultural
plantations are the main areas of intensification in this
area. Significant minimization of economic losses of
commodity producers due to increase of efficiency of
production of fruits allows to solve issues of material
and financial support, to carry out scientific and
information support, Regulate the flow of fruit
products to the domestic and world markets.
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