Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
317
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
317-323
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the methods of memory development of students with mental retardation, the mechanism of
implementation, the scientific views of foreign and local scientists on this issue are analyzed, and the proposed test
samples for memory development are given.
KEYWORDS
Mentally retarded, development, theoretical views, memory, game, task, mechanism.
INTRODUCTION
Currently, there is an increase in research on updating
and improving the content of education, in particular,
on correcting cognitive processes and studying young
students
with
mental
retardation.
Memory
development plays an important role in correcting the
cognitive processes of schoolchildren with intellectual
disabilities. The reason for this is that as a person grows
older, the demands on the efficiency of memory
constantly increase. The memory of children with
intellectual disabilities has disorders in all types of
memory, so corrective work in this direction is very
relevant. By working on memory development,
conducting special games, psychological tests, it is
possible to increase the educational efficiency of
students and their educational motivation.
All schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities have
memory deficits, and they belong to all types of
memory, this has been confirmed by research. Studies
have shown that deviations from norms in children of
Research Article
METHODS OF DEVELOPING THE MEMORY OF MENTALLY RETARDED
STUDENTS OF THE LOWER CLASS
Submission Date:
December 13, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 18, 2023,
Published Date:
December 23, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue12-44
Sh.Amirsaidova
Associate Professor At Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, C.P.S., Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
318
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
317-323
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
this category have different forms and individual
appearance. In these children, the main memory
processes have their own characteristics: external,
sometimes randomly perceived visual symbols are well
remembered, it is difficult for them to understand and
remember internal logical connections, voluntary
memory is formed late, a large number of repetitions
of verbal material they make mistakes. Episodic
forgetfulness in them is characterized by overwork of
the nervous system due to general weakness. The
imaginations of children with mental retardation are
fragmentary, vague and schematic.
To develop the memory of mentally retarded children,
it is necessary to adapt psychological methods taking
into account
their perception
and memory
characteristics. So, for example, in tests, games and
tasks, you need to reduce their dosage, reduce the
number of words to memorize and increase
repetitions. At the beginning, you should ask them
guiding questions.
L.V. Cheremoshkina writes in her monograph
"Development of children's memory" that the basis of
memory is the ability to retain genetically determined
information. To successfully develop memory, the
author suggests using psychological tests, games and
tasks. To develop tactile memory, a child with closed
eyes is offered the following:
- try and feel any object by hand;
- feel an unfamiliar object by hand and remember the
feelings;
- hold and feel an object and think about what it might
be.
Also, L.V. Cheremoshkina suggests using poems,
riddles and games to develop memory.
In the book "How to develop a child's attention and
memory", I. Yu. Matyugin suggests the use of
psychological tests, exercises and games that use the
imagination that is unique to each child. Children
quickly and easily get into the game with their
imaginations, sometimes not even knowing what
difficult tasks they have completed.
Defectologist and child psychologist Elena Kurilova
suggests tests for the development of different types
of memory in the article of the magazine "Mom and
Baby" 12, 2004. Thus, the psychological test "Find it
yourself" works well for the development of visual
memory in children aged 3-6 years. A button is placed
on one of the boxes, for example, and the box is
closed. The child is invited to show which of the boxes
and in which section he put the button.
To develop the memory of mentally retarded children,
the following psychological tests can be used, taking
into account
their perception
and memory
characteristics:
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
319
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
317-323
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Psychological test "Wonderful bag" is used to develop
tactile memory. Objects with different characteristics
are placed in the bag: string, toy, button, ball, cube,
matchbox. The child should hold and identify the items
in the bag one by one. It is better if he describes their
features out loud. Small children can put the items in
the bag themselves for a better memory. Older
children are given already filled bags.
The motor memory of mentally retarded children of
the lower class is developed through the psychological
test "Do as I do". At the first stage, an adult stands
behind the child and performs several manipulations
with his div - raises his arms and puts them to the
side, raises his leg, etc., and then asks the child to
repeat these actions. At the next stage, the
defectologist himself performs several actions and the
child repeats them, then the child performs his actions,
and the defectologist repeats after him.
"Wonderful words" psychological test is used to
develop the auditory memory of children with mental
retardation of the lower class. You need to choose 10
semantically related words: you need to get 5 pairs, for
example: food-spoon, window-door, face-nose, apple-
banana, cat-dog. These words are read to the child 3
times, in addition, the pairs differ in intonation. After
some time, only the first words of the pairs are
repeated to the child, and he has to remember the
second. It develops short-term auditory memory. To
develop long-term memory, you need to ask mentally
retarded children the second words of pairs, not
immediately, but after half an hour.
Using the psychological test "Let's listen and draw" is
effective for developing auditory memory and
attention of mentally retarded children. There are 2
variants of this psychological test.
Option 1: Children are read a fairy tale and given the
following task: draw a picture that accurately reflects
the content of the fairy tale.
Option 2: Children are read a poem and are given the
following task: listen carefully to the poem and draw
from memory the objects mentioned in it.
"Find me" psychological test: The researcher chooses
a card without showing it to the students, names
several signs of this object without showing it to the
children. Children will have to find which picture is on
the card. If there are not enough characters, the
researcher continues to describe. A child can be a
leader.
"What has changed?" psychological test can be used.
Pictures are prepared first. The researcher shows the
picture, the child is given 5-6 seconds to remember,
and the picture is removed. Then the exact same
picture is shown, but with changes, the children have
to find what has changed.
Corrective exercises or complexes of such exercises,
games and psychological tests are an effective
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
320
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
317-323
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
pedagogical tool for correcting and developing
cognitive processes in children with mental
retardation, instilling in them a sense of confidence in
their abilities. To correct cognitive processes, that is,
the level of memory development of elementary
school students with mental disabilities, the use of the
games, exercises and psychological tests indicated
above has a good effect. Because games and exercises
not only bring pleasure and joy to the child, but are very
important in themselves as they develop cognitive
processes in him. With their help, you can develop the
child's attention, memory, thinking, imagination, that
is, qualities necessary for later life. A child can acquire
new knowledge, skills and abilities, develop abilities.
Games also form the ability to analyze objects in a
mentally retarded child, the ability to focus on certain
aspects of reality and events.
In the corrective work carried out by the defectologist,
first of all, he should know the children well, see
individual, unique features in each of them. The better
the
pedagogue
understands
the
individual
characteristics of schoolchildren, the better he can
organize the educational process using educational
activities
in
accordance
with
the
individual
characteristics of the students. In the team, through
the team, individual approach and education are not
mutually exclusive. A.S. Makarenko called for the
construction of educational work taking into account
the individual characteristics of students, and spoke
about the pedagogy of "individual movement" created
for each specific person with his individuality.
Improving memory at primary school age is primarily
related to the acquisition of various methods and
strategies of remembering, which are related to the
organization and processing of memorized material
during educational activities.
Correctional work should include all processes of
development of mentally retarded children. In order to
carry out effective correctional work with mentally
retarded children, it is necessary to take into account
the structure of the defect. With the proper
organization of special education and training, many
developmental disabilities can be corrected and
prevented.
Based on our research, we recommend the following
in the process of correcting and developing memory
disorders of mentally retarded children:
1. Use colorful, meaningful material that engages and
holds children's attention throughout the learning
process. Children with mental retardation are
characterized by underdeveloped cognitive interests,
which is manifested in their need for knowledge less
than their normal peers, that is, in their interest in
knowledge. As a result, these children get incomplete
and sometimes distorted ideas about the environment.
Use materials that are understandable for children
with intellectual disabilities. It is known that in mentally
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
321
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
317-323
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
retarded children, the first stage of cognition,
perception, is not well developed.
2. The material should be presented in various forms,
which will arouse the interest and increase the activity
of students with intellectual disabilities.
3. Spending a lot of time on the process of recognizing,
clarifying and summarizing the received information,
because the main drawback is a perception disorder,
which is noted to be slow compared to normally
developing children. Children with mental retardation
need more time to perceive the material presented to
them (picture, text, etc.). The slowness of perception
is aggravated by the fact that, due to the lack of mental
development, they hardly distinguish the main thing,
do not understand the internal connections between
parts, characters, etc.
4. Provide emotional support to the child during the
education of mentally retarded children.
5. In teaching mentally retarded children, take into
account the possibilities of each to the maximum.
6. It is necessary to take into account the increasing
fatigue of children with mental retardation, not to
overload them with a large amount of materials, to
maintain the average pace of the main training
sessions, to present the material gradually in small
doses.
Family support is also of great importance for the
positive dynamics of the development of mentally
retarded children. The main thing is that the child
needs to see and feel the care and support of parents
in everything, love and attention should be given to
him. Most importantly, comprehensive development
of the child's personality helps him adapt to the social
environment.
Thus, it is possible to significantly improve the memory
of mentally retarded children with corrective and
developmental work, in particular, with the formation
of special memorization methods, the development of
cognitive activity and self-regulation. Correctional
work should cover the entire educational process of
mentally retarded children. With the proper
organization of special education and training, many
developmental disabilities can be corrected and
prevented.
Important
areas
of
psychological
correction of memory are the formation of memory
using visual, auditory and tactile methods.
Therefore, the directions of work on the development
of memory of mentally retarded children should be
based on the principles of correctional pedagogy, as
well as take into account the intellectual disability of
children. Practice shows that the better a person's
memory is developed, the more positive it is for all
cognitive processes, such as thinking, imagination,
perception, imagination.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
322
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
317-323
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
During work with mentally retarded children, it was
shown that their memory development is behind in
terms of volume. One of the main characteristics of
memory is its size. Mentally retarded children have a
short memory. When teaching children, they take in
very little information. As the memory capacity
develops, it develops their learning skills. In order to
develop memory capacity, it is necessary to take into
account the individual characteristics of the child.
Based on the above reasoning, it can be said that every
child has its own characteristics and capabilities, and
the correct direction of these capabilities can be the
reason for the success of the society. In this case, the
role of the defectologist is incomparable. Kindness and
kindness are not defined only by donations, but also by
opening a way for children with physical and mental
disabilities to show their potential. Defectologists
should try their best in this area.
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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ISSUE
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:
317-323
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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)
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–
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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