American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
173
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
173-176
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue05-43
About Some Types of Terminological Modernization
Durdona Makhkamova
Senior Lecturer of Tashkent state university of uzbek language and literature, Uzbekistan
Received:
29 March 2025;
Accepted:
25 April 2025;
Published:
27 May 2025
Abstract:
In this article is considered the modernisation situation in terminological system. Especially, there is a
speech about lexical modernisation. Analysis and conclusions are based by examples from the Uzbek
terminological system.
Keywords:
Modernisation, linguistical modernisation, linguistic policy, lexical modernisation, structural
modernisation,abbrivation, economical principle.
Introduction:
The entry of a certain sphere into society
and its development undoubtedly has an impact on the
language and its terminological system belonging to
this society: the vocabulary of the language is enriched,
the most appropriate units for some new concepts are
selected from the existing units in the language, and as
a result, new meanings are assigned to existing words.
In any case, a term is considered a lexical unit and can
reflect linguistic phenomena. So, what phenomena are
occurring in our language in the 21st century? There
are many major phenomena such as integration,
differentiation in some areas, branching of the sphere,
modernization, and new linguistic phenomena are
emerging on their basis, each of which requires a new
approach and new research.
METHODS
It is known that during the initial use of a term, it is in a
multi-component, explanatory form. This form serves
to more clearly reveal the essence of the term to the
consumer of the term, to explain its semantics more
broadly. Over time, the level of intelligibility of the term
increases, and the number of components that make it
up decreases. The more components a term has, the
more its semantics becomes defined and narrowed.
Term shortening leads to an expansion of its semantics,
and in some places to its ambiguity. [Ҳожиев,2008,]
Usually, structural shortening occurs only after the
meaning of the term has become firmly established and
popularized in terminology, and this does not lead to
confusion, but rather to the use of a concise and clear
term.
There are cases of using the basic term without
explanatory components in the context, and such
economy is also advocated by famous terminologists.
“If an entire resource is devoted to a specific machine,
then along with the full name of the machine (i.e., the
accepted term), its abbreviated form may also be
used,” writes D.S. Lotte. Thus, the introduction of a
term into a field is a process of lexical modernization,
and the unit itself is also modernized in the process of
use.
RESULTS
Lexical-structural
modernization
is
a
formal
modernization, the use of a new or existing word in a
new, changed, shortened form in the terminological
system. In this type, a new unit enters the
terminological system not in the form of a full word, but
as a certain form of the word - an abbreviation. A
noteworthy feature is that not only general consumers
of the language, but also representatives of most
industries accept the abbreviation as a word (term
unit), but also the abbreviated form.
Modernization, which is the most important
requirement of the time, has become a priority for all
industries and all styles today. It is based on accuracy,
speed, creativity and the expansion of technical
capabilities. In particular, in the scientific style, there is
a tendency to provide a lot of information in a short
time, thereby achieving speed and economy. Naturally,
this process is observed, first of all, within the
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
framework of special units of the scientific style - terms.
[Mahkamova,2024]
It is known that the principle of economy in language
results in the formation of units that are convenient for
pronunciation and written speech. How, when and in
what places to use these units is at the discretion of the
term consumer. The fact is that today the intensity of
the principle of economy has accelerated even more.
When we get acquainted with the units of scientific
style - ways of expressing terms through conditional
abbreviations, along with non-linguistic means such as
symbols and formulas, linguistic factors also come to
the fore. As an example of such a construction, we can
cite terms expressed through abbreviations.
DISCUSSION
In some scientific literature, abbreviation, which is
considered a unique method of word formation, is
characterized by its brevity compared to other
methods: it is very consistent with the principle of
economy. Examples of the manifestation of the
principle of economy through abbreviations can be
found in some terminological systems. This can be seen
in the fact that some new field terms enter our
language in their abbreviated form and are included
not only in the terminological system of one language,
but also in the terminological system of world
languages. It is noteworthy that although the full
version of such terms is accepted, they are not
translated with the participation of their layer units.
The reason is that these types of abbreviation terms
enter together with the concept, phenomenon, object
they represent, and in order to save time, they are not
translated and shortened again. As a result, their use is
precisely in their abbreviated (abbreviated) form.
Below we will consider some terms of this type.(The
text in uzbek)
PR (pi ar)
–
pablik rileyshnz
–
sohalar ichida eng yosh va
zamonaviy kasbiy faoliyat bo‘lib, uning tarixiy ildizi XIX
asrga borib taqalsa-
da, XX asrdagina o‘zini to‘la
namoyon etdi. Hozir jahonda PRning mavqyei juda
baland. Bu faoliyatni hukumat munosabatlarida,
xalqaro va millatlararo aloqalarda, savdo-sotiq,sanoat
ishlab
chiqarishi
munosabatlarida,
moliya
sohasida,turli tadqiqot hamda ommaviy axborot
vositalarida ko‘rishimiz mumkin. ... Ayni kunda
O‘zbekistonda ham PR xizmatining ko‘rinishi yo‘q emas.
Masalan, uy oldi-sottis
i bilan shug‘ullanayotgan
firmalar piarmenlar xizmatiga o‘xshab ketadi.
[Саъдуллаева, 2006]
The semantic aspects of the term PR have become
clearer from the cited scientific text. However, no
matter how much its meaning is explained, it is still
written and pronounced in the form of PR. This is a
unique phenomenon for terminology. The appearance
and use of public relations in the form of PR is the norm
not only in the layers that have adopted the term, but
also in the layer of the term itself in the English
language. Therefore, other constructions related to PR
are made from the abbreviation itself. The term
piaarmen used in the above example is one of such
constructions: PR + “men” (in English, man is “man”,
“person”, the same term is formed in the form of
пиарщик in Russian and has such a use) In content, “a
person engaged in PR”. Here another feature of the
abbreviation term is revealed. That is, the word “men”
could not be directly added to “public relations”. Even
in the combined form, the term construction consisted
of several elements, not just three. The abbreviation
made it possible to create the term quickly and easily,
as well as in a concise form.
Another aspect should not be overlooked: the
phenomenon of adding affixes to abbreviations in
order to create syntactic relationships in the language
has long existed. However, while the terms we
mentioned above are accepted in the form of
abbreviations without being translated, not only
syntactic form-forming, but also word-forming suffixes
are directly a
dded to them (eng.piarmen, rus.пиарщик,
uzb. piarchi, rus. айтишник, uzb. aytichi). This type of
construction is reminiscent of constructions created
using terminological elements. However, considering
that terminological elements and abbreviations are
different linguistic phenomena, our object can be the
basis for new research. In general, the use of
abbreviations is considered a positive phenomenon
that leads to economy in the language. In the age of
integration in science and technology, the creation and
use of abbreviations from foreign language units can be
considered good in some ways, but among the positive
aspects, there are also some controversial points,
noting which will help to reveal the essence of the
issue.
As noted, although the terms adopted in abbreviated
form have an expanded version and were initially given
in sources with explanations, they are being adopted
into the language being mastered without any
translation or alternatives. This causes a number of
confusions in reading and teaching, work, and other
areas. Although the essence of the abbreviation is
understood, its original linguistic meaning is lost. Initial
letters, which are simply abbreviations, are now
elevated to the level of independent words. In turn,
some confusion arises in their spelling and
pronunciation. For example, currently the abbreviated
form of the term information technology is written as
IT[ay ti], which is read based on the English
pronunciation standards. The term derived from it,
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
meaning "a person engaged in an activity", is written as
ITchi, IT specialist. From the point of view of economy
and the desire for brevity, this can be assessed
positively, but from the point of view of the
pronunciation norms of the Uzbek language, the
reading of the term causes funny situations. After all, in
the Uzbek language there is a word for dog -it (animal
name, puppy), which is considered a homograph of IT.
In this regard, terminologists should conduct
explanatory work with representatives of the field on
the issues of spelling of terms, term formation, and give
the necessary recommendations, in our opinion.
Looking at modern terminology, we can see the
popularity of abbreviations such as PS [pi es], SMM [es
em em], GIF[gif], ID[ay di] ... in PR. This indicates that
the principle of economy is becoming an increasingly
strong need not only in language but also in
terminology. It is simply impossible to imagine today's
life without modern information and communication
networks, in particular the Internet, and the system of
terms used in this field. Internet terms that have
entered the Uzbek language terminology are mainly
borrowings. [Dadaboyev, 2019]
Analysis of terms that have been borrowed in the form
of abbreviations has shown that in some places the
shortened term can take a shorter, more convenient
form for speech. For example, one of the most popular
abbreviations of our time, w.w.w (world wide web -
“world spider web”), is expressed in its original form in
written Uzbek, but its oral use is three double yu (a
similar use can also be found in some popular
publications). It is known that repeating a sound three
times (especially if it is foreign to the alphabet of the
language) causes inconvenience in pronunciation. In
order to avoid this situation, w.w.w is written as
[double yu, double yu, double yu], but is read as three
double yu. As a result, the pronunciation of the
abbreviated term is further shortened. This leads to the
acceleration of oral presentation.
Our observations have shown that if the abbreviated
and full forms begin to be used in parallel in written
speech, the abbreviated form may take on the
character of the norm. Therefore, it is necessary to
approach the phenomenon of abbreviation as an
objective change in the language, a product of
modernization. In this sense, abbreviated words and
word forms that facilitate the communication process,
contribute to the fluency and conciseness of the
scientific style, can be freely introduced into circulation
and into the literary norm if they meet the norms of the
language.
In general, the reasons for the widespread use of
abbreviations are the increase in the flow of
information, the desire to ensure maximum
information transmission per unit of time, the
productive use of language, and the increase in the
effectiveness of its communicative function. This is
especially important at a time when, as a result of the
continuous development of science and technology,
many new, complex concepts are emerging, expressed
in word combinations. Recently, abbreviations of terms
- abbreviations and acronyms - have been widely used
in scientific and technical literature in the field of
telecommunications. This is especially often observed
in publications in the field of information and
informatization, as well as in publications of the
Int
ernational Telecommunication Union. [Аҳмедова,
2008]. As evidence of our opinion, we cite the “English
-
Russian-Uzbek Dictionary of Abbreviations of Terms
Related to Telecommunications”, introduced by order
of the UzAAA No. 195 dated July 11, 2007. This
dictionary was developed on the basis of foreign
sources, reference literature and standards, and
contains more than 4,500 abbreviations and
conditional symbols for the use of all types of
communication systems and means operating in
different frequency and wave ranges. Over the past 10
years, this indicator has increased even more, some of
the listed abbreviations have been updated, perhaps
even gone out of use.
Any innovation in the language initially appears in
speech as a form of a normative unit. Later, its use in
the process of communication becomes fixed, and as a
result, it also becomes a normative unit. In the process
of norm exchange, one of the principles of language
development, known as the “tendency to save
language means”, is manifested.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering that language is a constantly evolving
process, one should not ignore the dynamic and static
state of the language when studying the modernization
process. The static state of the language should not be
assessed as a completely frozen, motionless process,
but as an unchanging process. When we say dynamic
state, we mean the state of the language in motion.
There are many factors that create the dynamic state
of the language, and most of them reflect
modernization. The tendency of the vocabulary to
change and update, in the words of foreign linguists,
“flexibility”, justifies the presence of constantly
changing parts in its structure. Under the influence of
dynamic factors, new lexemes appear. The static state
of the language (which exists simultaneously with
dynamism) does not allow an existing word to suddenly
leave the lexicon.
When we examine the terminological system of various
fields, we see that some of them are prone to change
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
(sometimes cardinal change). For example, such fields
as jurisprudence, economics, engineering, information
technologies have a direct political, economic, and
social significance in the life of any society. Therefore,
they are constantly being modernized. This situation
accelerates the dynamic rhythm of the terminological
system of the field. Based on the above, it can be noted
that the terminological system is a constantly
modernizing element of language. This requires the
concept of modernization to be opened in new
perspectives.
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