American Journal Of Philological Sciences
68
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
68-70
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue01-17
Phraseological units with nouns expressing character in
French and Uzbek languages
Primova Munisa Majlimovna
Department of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Alfraganus University Nott, Uzbekistan
Received:
26 October 2024;
Accepted:
28 December 2024;
Published:
30 January 2025
Abstract:
The article argues that in most of the research conducted in the field of linguistics, the ideas of the unity
of language and culture dominate. Indeed, it would be more correct to assess the communication between people
speaking two languages not only as an exchange of information through language, but also as a dialogue between
the cultures of two peoples. That is why recently there has been a growing interest among scientists in studying
the function of phraseologisms as a means of exchanging cultural information, that is, in the semantic structure
of phraseologisms, reflecting the worldview and experience of several generations in the field of knowledge of
the world.
Keywords:
Phraseological units, variable combinations, linguistic units, lexemes, French and Uzbek languages,
leading component.
Introduction:
The study of the formation of
phraseological units requires a comprehensive and in-
depth study of the components of phraseological units.
The composition of the vast majority of phraseological
units consists of variable combinations that include
word components. G.G. Sokolova pointed out that the
essence of the formation of variable combinations and
phraseological units can be understood by studying the
main aspects of the composition and semantic nature
of the lexemes that make up these language units
[Sokolova, 1987: 22].
Phraseological units of each language have their own
characteristics, which largely depend on the lexical-
grammatical and stylistic nature of a particular
language. The uniqueness of phraseological units is
manifested in their meaning, grammatical structure,
lexical composition.
The purpose of the typological comparative study of
phraseological units of the French and Uzbek languages
is to identify their main grammatical and structural
types. From this point of view, we can classify
phraseological units of the French and Uzbek languages
according to the following signs:
1. According to the principle of structure - according to
the number of words with independent meaning.
Phraseological units are divided into simple and
complex types according to their structure. Simple
phraseological units consist of a determiner and a
determiner, while phraseological units with a complex
structure consist of three or more words with
independent meaning. They are distinguished by the
expansion of components.
2. According to the morphological category of the
leading component that makes up phraseological units.
The leading component of the FB is a grammatically
independent, belonging to a certain word category and
acting as a part of speech, thereby determining the
existence of a phraseological unit. There are types of
phraseological units that express the human character
that we are studying, with noun, verb and adjective
components.
3. According to whether the subordinate part of a
phraseological unit comes before or after the leading
part.
4. According to its syntactic function.
5. According to the syntactic relations between the
components of phraseological units, possessive and
non-possessive types are distinguished. Possessive
phraseological units are formed in the Uzbek language
by means of adaptation, and non-possessive
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
69
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
phraseological units are formed by means of control
and conjunction.
O. Nazarov also emphasizes that the expressive
plan of phraseological units does not differ from free
units or sentences. He notes that there cannot be a
structural structure that is unique to phraseologisms,
different from the structure of free syntactic units. All
phraseologisms in a language are modeled on the free
syntactic devices existing in the particular language to
which they belong. In other words, phraseologisms do
not differ in their structure from the structure of
ordinary word combinations [Nazarov, 1973: 163-164].
Based on this, the following units are distinguished in
phraseology:
1. Phraseologisms, which are equivalent to word
combinations in structure;
2. Phraseologisms that are structurally equivalent to
sentences (Shansky N.M., 1963; Rakhmatullaev Sh.,
1966; Molotkov A.I., 1977.).
In this article, we will study phraseologisms that are
equivalent to word combinations and divide them into
groups based on the following criteria:
1. According to the morphological expression of the
main component. From a morphological point of view,
FBs are associated with one or another word class.
Therefore, it is appropriate to divide them into groups
according to the grammatical form of the main
component. The main component of a FB is understood
as a component that is grammatically independent,
belongs to a specific word class, and acts as a part of a
sentence.
Structural analysis of phraseological units expressing
character in French and Uzbek showed that in the
languages being compared there are units with the
following structure:
1. Phraseological units with a noun;
2. Verb phraseological units;
3. Adjective (adjective) based phraseological units.
Phraseological units with a noun include compounds
that perform the same function as words in the noun
phrase class and whose main component is a noun.
In the French language, the majority of substantive
phraseological compounds consist of predicative-free
compounds, in which the noun phrase class comes as
the main part. Phraseological compounds formed on
the basis of partial predicative and predicative
connections are a minority.
According to the method of mutual connection of the
components of phraseological compounds, there are
three types of isophane.
The components of the first type of isophane
compounds are joined by conjunction without any
grammatical signs, that is, the mutual connection of
such
compounds is “determined by word order and
connecting intonation” [Doniyorov, 1977: 99]. For
example: rag heart, bark head, chicken brain, stone
heart, pumpkin head. Phraseological compounds with
such a structure are rare in the Uzbek language.
In the second type of isophal compound, the first
component comes in the form of a preposition, and the
second component comes with a possessive suffix
[Doniyorov, 1977: 99].
The third type of isophrase has grammatical signs of
both components. The structure of the compound is
expressed in the model “noun + accusative case suffix
+ noun + possessive suffix”. Isophrases of this type
differ from the second type of isophrases
grammatically in the formal expression of the
accusative case. For example, aunt’s calf, rifle’s
bullet,
devil’s female, young man’s cock –
the best among
young men. Such phraseological units occur in the
sentence in functions typical of the noun phrase. For
example:
Bektemir’s heart is full,
-dedi Ali tajang, -kallasi works.
But Safar is a coward, h
e is both a coward and aunt’s
calf. (Oybek, Kutlug’ kön).
In this sentence, the phrase aunt’s calf occurs in the
function of a noun participle. During our research, it
was found that in the phrases of this model there are
also phraseological units, the main part of which is
expressed by a determiner. For example, in the
combination of the last leg of the dog (in activities and
the like, it means that it is the last one (from others) in
a row) [https://savodxon.uz], the word “leg” is spread
through the word
“keyingi” in the function of the
determiner.
It seems that three types of isophallic compounds occur
in the phraseological layer of the Uzbek language.
Among them, the second type of isophallic terms are
considered the most productive.
1. Phraseologisms made in the Adj+Subs model. In this
model of phraseological compounds, we included units
that perform the function of a noun. We included units
that are made in this type and act as determiners in
adjective-containing compounds. In phraseological
compounds made in the Adj+Subs model, the
subordinate part precedes the main part and they are
connected to each other through coordination. For
example, a gentle broom - a person who is gentle,
gentle, but harsh or cruel [O‘TIL J.III, 2006: 589]. Other
examples: a foreign chicken, a big mouth, a living
corpse, a two-legged wolf.
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
70
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
2. In expressions made in the Subs + Adj model, the
subordinate clause comes after the main clause and
they are connected by a conjunction. For example,
bagri butun, musichai beazor, mulla kuruk. We
observed the interchangeability of components in
expressions made in this model. For example:
- bagri butun, bagri kone, bagri keng;
- yurgi kone, dili kone, bagri kone;
- kongli tos, kongli aq; kongli akyn, kongli sharq;
- istarasi hot, istarasi cold, sokhtasi cold.
Thus, a comparative analysis of noun phraseological
units expressing human character in French and Uzbek
allowed us to determine the following:
1. The components of noun phraseological units
expressing human character are connected by means
of adaptation, control and conjugation in French, and
more by means of adaptation and conjugation in
Uzbek. In Uzbek, conjugation dominates in the
connection of components, while in French, connection
based on adaptation prevails.
2. In French, in 80% of phraseological units, the
subordinate clause comes before the main clause,
while in Uzbek, in the largest part of phraseological
units, the subordinate clause comes after the main
clause. In Uzbek, this figure is 62%.
3. In French, the subordinate clause of noun
phraseological units agrees with the main clause in
gender and number. In Uzbek, the subordinate clause
agrees with the main clause in number and case. There
is no gender category in Uzbek.
4. Noun phraseological units expressing human
character act as possessive, determiner, and participle
in both languages being compared.
CONCLUSION
In our country, during the years of independence, the
science of linguistics, along with other sciences, has
been developing steadily. The same can be said about
the science of phraseology, which is one of its most
important components. Phraseological units have
always attracted the attention of linguists, reflecting
the language and speech characteristics of a people. To
date, the issues of phraseology of various languages
have been studied in detail.
REFERENCES
Mirzatullaevna, A. R., Jabbarovich, E. U., Shuhratovna,
M. G., Erikovna, N. F., & Majlimovna, P. M. (2019). Uso
de tecnologias multimedia modernas en clases de
idiomas extranjeros. Religación. Revista de Ciencias
Sociales y Humanidades, 4(18), 80-85.1
Примова, М. М. (2023). ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЛАРНИ
ҚИЁСИЙ ЎРГАНИШНИНГ НАЗАРИЙ МАСАЛАЛАРИ.
Scientific Impulse, 1(10), 549-551.
Примова, М. М. (2024). Место Лингвострановедения
В Изучении Иностранного Языка. International
Journal of Formal Education, 3(2), 67-69.
Majlimovna, P. M., & Shukrullayevna, A. Z. (2024).
YUNON-LOTIN
DUBLETLARI
VA
YAKKA
TERMINOELEMENTLAR. KLINIK TERMINLAR TUZILISHI
HAQIDA
UMUMIY
TUSHUNCHA.
TA'LIM
VA
RIVOJLANISH TAHLILI ONLAYN ILMIY JURNALI, 4(2),
260-263.
Primova, M. (2024). INTERPRETABLE PHRASEOLOGICAL
UNITS OF CHARACTER EXPRESSION IN FRENCH AND
UZBEK LANGUAGES. Академические исследования в
современной науке, 3(5), 130
-134.
Mirzatullaevna, A. R., Jabbarovich, E. U., Shuhratovna,
M. G., Erikovna, N. F., & Majlimovna, P. M. (2019).
Using modern multimedia technologies in foreign
language lessons. Religación: Revista de Ciencias
Sociales y Humanidades, 4(18), 80-84.
Mirzatullaevna, A. R., Jabbarovich, E. U., Shuhratovna,
M. G., Erikovna, N. F., & Majlimovna, P. M. (2019). Uso
de tecnologias multimedia modernas en clases de
idiomas extranjeros. Religación. Revista de Ciencias
Sociales y Humanidades, 4(18), 80-85.
PRIMOVA, M. (2023). FRANSUZ VA O ‘ZBEK TILLARIDA
XARAKTER
IFODALOVCHI
FRAZEOLOGIK
BIRLIKLARNING CHOG‘ISHTIRMA TA
HLILI.
Klara, A., & Munisa, P. (2019). Main features of the
formation and development of the gerund in English.
Вопросы науки и образования, (7 (53)), 79
-81.
Majlimovna, P. M. (2023). Phraseologism as a Linguistic
Phenomenon.
Primova, M. M., & Olmasbekov, A. K. (2023). LATIN
VOCABULARY IN MODERN ENGLISH. Academic
research in educational sciences, 4(TMA Conference),
239-241.
