American Journal Of Philological Sciences
89
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
89-91
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue01-24
The influence of improvision on the formation of world
dramaturgy
Ataniyazova Gulshat Seitniyazovna
Volunteer student of the Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan
Received:
26 October 2024;
Accepted:
28 December 2024;
Published:
30 January 2025
Abstract:
The influence of improvisation on the emergence of world drama. In the history of culture and literature
of the peoples of the world, the sources of the emergence of art forms based on the method of syncretism have
been scientifically and theoretically proven.
Keywords:
Fiction, acting, choreography, syncretism, improvisation, drama, theatre, theory, comedy, tragedy,
image.
Introduction:
In society, the spiritual world of humanity
and art forms (artistic literature, music, theater,
painting,
choreography,
architecture)
are
of
paramount importance in its cultural life, their role in
shaping the national-spiritual culture and spiritual
consciousness, aesthetic sensibility, worldview of
human society is one of the key social phenomena. The
emergence of these art forms dates back thousands of
years. In the early periods, it can be seen that the
culture and literature of the peoples of the world
developed in the early periods of history through a
syncretic method, without separating art forms from
each other. Therefore, the combination of the arts of
speech (artistic literature), music (music), movement
(artistic skill) and play (choreography) is called
syncretism [1:351]. This is manifested, firstly, in the
dominance of oral literature, if we define it as a period
when science and technology, written literature and
literary culture were not yet developed in the early
periods of human society. Therefore, a work of art or
art forms were created orally, which became a literary
tradition that left a deep mark in the life of society of
that time and was forever preserved in the memory of
the people. During these periods, when the creator and
performer performed a work of art, the phenomenon
of combining words and music (music) in the creation
of a work of art, the art of entering the image of the
hero through movement (acting) was preserved where
the power of words and music was insufficient in the
creation of an image in the work. The most ancient
forms of such traditions can be found in the history of
ancient Greek literature and in the literature of other
peoples. The necessities of improvisation in human
society, its history of origin, development and history
of influence, stages of formation, as well as its
theoretical significance, the first ideas about
improvisational phenomena in all forms of art are
found in the works of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. In
ancient Greece, the theory of imitation, developed by
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, is also associated with
improvisation.
P.P. Blonsky, M.M. Baktin, A.R. Luria, V.Y. Korovina and
other
scientists
studied
the
improvisational
phenomena (properties) of speech and language
development. And in the works of M.T. Ciceron, M.V.
Lomonosov, D. Karnegi, M. Mamardashvili, important
aspects (role) of improvisation in the art of oratory are
expressed.
Poets and writers such as M.
Montaigne, I.V. Gete, O. Balzac, A.S. Pushkin, N.V.
Gogol, I.A. Goncharov, L.N. Tolstoy, V.V. Mayakovsky,
and A.T. Tvardovsky highly valued improvisational
literary phenomena in the process of poetic (literary)
creation. At the same time, D. Dido, K.S. Stanislavsky,
V.E. Meyerhold, E. B. Vakhtangov, A. E. Tairov, V.A.
Sherbakov, A. Gladkov, M. L. Rakhels, B. A. Matanov, P.
N. Berkov, N. I. Lvov, V. E. Guseva expressed their
theoretical views on improvisational phenomena in folk
dramas.
The improvisational method plays a role as the most
important tradition in theatrical art of staging tragic,
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2273)
comedic and musical dramas. Improvisation in
theatrical art b.c. It was an important literary
phenomenon for the stage, which appeared in the 5th
century. The method of improvisation prevails in the
ancient theater, in the Middle Ages (late 16th - early
17th centuries), especially in the stage works "Comedy
of Masks," developed in Italy. The comedy of masks has
become a type of Italian folk theater where plays are
staged according to the script, which includes a short
scheme of the play. This theater, with the participation
of masked actors, is sometimes performed on the
streets in open areas. In Italian open-air theater,
masked performers such as Bregello, Pantalone, Dr.
Bolondze, Truffaldino, Paskvino, Meccetino, and
Tobarino were famous. In this theater, improvisation
occupies a central place in the creativity of actors in
comedy. The tradition of improvisation - a stage
production (show) - created a great opportunity for the
audience to create the novelties of urban life in an
imaginative way. For improvisation to work well,
temperament, accurate dictation, declaration, and
sound are necessary. At the same time, inventiveness
now requires attention, attention, foresight, and clear
memory, which ensure accountability. Accurate and
precise thinking, solid figure, strong leadership,
acrobatic skills, jumps, and other salto skills,
pantomime, and other techniques were important. For
this reason, this theater was called the theater of
improvisation. In the history of theatrical art, the
tradition of improvisation experienced a strong
development in the era of modernism. Vsevolod
Meyerhold and Evgeny Vakhtangov emphasize that the
tradition of improvisation is an integral part of
theatrical art. The Frenchman Jacques Kopo and Jean-
Louis Barro, who revived the expressiveness of stage
improvisation and paid great attention to the
improvisation of ensemble games [3:151].
Compared to improvisational art (choreography),
which is distinguished by improvisation in art forms,
improvisational phenomena are quite late. Therefore,
improvisational phenomena in the art of play appeared
in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 20th century,
improvisation occupied a leading position in the art of
play (choreography), and the principles of working with
improvisation began to take shape. In the process of
daily work of humanity, the actions, feelings and
perceptions
received
from
the
surrounding
environment were the basis of the art of play, actions
and signs. The creation of natural phenomena, hunting,
animal husbandry, agriculture, the general labor
process, and the manifestation of war, a certain
rhythmic movement, game, and image arose from the
life requirements of ancient times. Over time, with the
development of society and human civilization, the art
of individual games has been formed in accordance
with the development of movement traits, capabilities
and skills in the art of play. In Greece, Rome, Egypt,
China, and India, which were centers of ancient culture,
the culture of performing arts reached its peak. As a
result of such a historical process, the phenomenon of
improvisation emerged. Improvisational talent has
been scientifically proven as a literary phenomenon
that arises from natural talent and creative experiences
of creators and performers. At the same time, creators
and performers studied the methodology and
techniques of each other's performance techniques in
the creative and performance process. They were
orators of a high psychological level, possessing folk
history, ethnography, social life, national character,
national customs, national consciousness, and life
experience.
In general, improvisation is a method that is of great
importance in the creative and performing process of
art forms.
The period of true development of dramaturgy in
European countries corresponds to the XIX-XX
centuries. In this century, the dramas of antiquity were
staged on theatrical stages.
Eschill's tragedy "Chained Prometheus," Sophocles'
tragedies "Shah Edip," "Antigona," Evripides' tragedy
"Medeus" are still staged in many theaters of the world.
In 1881, the tragedy "Shah Edip" by Sophocles with the
participation of the famous tragic actor J. Mune-Syulli
was staged in the orchestra of the ancient theater in
Oranje, France, and the play was later transferred to
the old Paris theatre "Comedy Française." The famous
German director M. Reinhardt staged his ancient
drama many times. In 1910, in Berlin, he staged
Sophocles' tragedy "Shah Edip," and later Eschild's
tragedy "Oresteia." Among the current directors of the
Greek theater, D. Randiras and K. Kuhn created several
wonderful plays based on the plays of ancient
playwrights.
In 1918, in Petrograd Yu. The "Theatre of Misfortunes,"
organized by Yurev, was opened with the tragedy of
Sophocles "Shah Edip." In 1957, Sh. "Shah Edip" was
staged at the Georgian Theater named after Rustaveli,
and in 1969 at the Uzbek Academic Theater named
after Hamza under the direction of I.V. Radun. The role
of "Shah Edip" was played by the great actor of our time
Shukur Burkhanov, the play became a great artistic
event.
The tragedy "Medeya" by Europid was directed by N.
Oxlapkov in 1961 at the Mayakovsky Theater in
Moscow, and the main role was played by S. Mezeri. In
1962,
the
Georgian
Theater
named
after
Mardjanashvili was staged by director A. Chkhartishvili,
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
91
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
and in recent years, the Uzbek Drama Theater in
Tashkent (formerly the Abror Khidoyatov Theater) was
set by director S. Meliev, the leading role was played by
talented actress Gulbakhar Yuldasheva.[4:7]
While studying the sources of the emergence of drama
in Central Asia, he notes that the first manifestations of
the drama genre are the worship songs of the
"Visparad" and "Yasna" sections of the "Avesta." "The
struggle of ancient people against the forces of nature
(for example, animals), their worship of natural
phenomena and animals, stories about fantastic and
mythological events - all of this is connected to human
thoughts and spiritual experiences, excitement
(extiros) and feelings. Therefore, it is natural that
pantomime plays and cultural programs have created
dramatic elements, which are the main conventional
feature of theatrical culture.
In general, the period of development of dramaturgy in
Central Asia was a stage of development from the
beginning of the 20th century.
In the field of world literature, Aristotle's "Poetics," N.
Bualo's "The Art of the Word," as well as the works of
L. Timofeev, V. E. Khalizev, B. M. Tomashevsky, N. A.
Gulyaev, M. I. Gromova, N. L. Vinogradskaya, A. N.
Zorin[6:24], who occupy a significant place in the world
of Russian literary and aesthetic thought, have
scientific and research works related to some
theoretical issues of drama
In the literature of Turkic peoples, scientific work was
carried out on the ideological and thematic differences
of drama, genre features, system of images, stylistic
features, issues of artistic language [7:127].
In Karakalpak literature, the scientific works of K.
Ayimbetov, T. Allanazarov, T. Bayandiyev, B. Tursinov,
A. Seytbekov, in the articles of K. Sultanov, A.
Nasurullaev, Zh. Boleshev, K. Zharimbetov, F.
Utemuratov, R. Matmurotova, M. Mambetova [8:101],
the scientific and theoretical views on conflict and
composition, the system of images, the creation of the
image of women in drama,
In general, it can be concluded that the origins of the
drama in European literature date back to BC. In the
5th-6th centuries, it is associated with playful songs
performed in Greece in honor of the god Dionysus.
People who performed these songs dressed in the form
of various animals, birds, and insects and performed
songs and dances in the streets. Another core of the
foundation is oral folk creativity, folk traditions,
national psychology, which is based on syncretism and
is implemented through improvisational methods.
The improvisational method was one of the main
methods in the creative process of oral folk art and
played a significant role in the formation of drama.
In the emergence and development of dramaturgy, the
role of improvisation in revealing the hero's character,
the use of monologue, dialogue, epilogue, prologue,
psychologism and overture in the composition of the
plot was of great importance. Improvisation influenced
the genre development of the drama. On the basis of
improvisation, the dual dramatic genres, whose plot
arose on the basis of stylization, literary fairy tales-
drama, libretto, fairy tales-inscenarization gradually
developed.
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