Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
130
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
130-134
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article describes a new method for assessing yarn deformation in the contact zone with a cylindrical surface that
was studied in the possibility of obtaining yarn deformation properties in close conditions in simple conditions. In
addition, the article highlights the analysis of the possibility of observing the pattern of deformation of the fibers of
the surface layer of the yarn when changing its tension using a transparent cylindrical surface microscope.
KEYWORDS
Yarn, tension, deformation, weaving, cross-section, cylinder.
INTRODUCTION
The yarn, embracing a cylindrical surface, is pressed
against it under the action of its tension. The greater
the tension, the more the yarn is deformed in the
contact zone (which is indicated by the increase in the
contact area). Changes in the diameter of the yarn
under the action of a compressive force have been
little studied. Sommer measured the diameter of
various yarns before and after their compression
between plates, on the edges of which a square cutout
was made with a diagonal directed along the line of
action of the compressive load. W. Wegener and B.
Schuler compressed yarns between two glasses; by the
distance between them in the same compressive force,
they judged the deformation of yarns of different
twists [1-3].
The methods mentioned are unsuitable for studying
changes in the diameter of a yarn when it contacts a
cylindrical surface, since in this case there is a one-sided
deformation at the points of their contact, developing
Research Article
ESTIMATION OF YARN DEFORMATION
Submission Date:
December 15, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 20, 2024,
Published Date:
December 25, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue12-23
Akramov Abduvali Mamatkhanovich
Vice-Rector of Turan International University PhD, Republic of Uzbekistan, Namangan, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
131
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
130-134
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
as a result of the fact that the yarn is pressed against
this surface due to its tension. The methods used by
Issum and Chamberlain and G.I. Selivanov also cannot
be used, since they involve observing the change in the
diameter of a simply stretched yarn, and not at the
point of its contact with any surface [4-5].
Finally, it is generally accepted that the deformation
features of textile materials are well reflected by
single-cycle characteristics, which have been widely
used in recent years in research practice. However, the
components of the tensile deformation of yarns
cannot be used to characterize the deformation of a
yarn in the zone of its contact with a cylinder for two
reasons. Firstly, obtaining the specified characteristics
is associated with long-term tests in the "load-unload-
rest" cycle, and in this case, it is of interest to estimate
the magnitude of the deformation that has time to
develop during an insignificant time of contact of the
yarn with the cylindrical surface. Secondly, the nature
of these two types of deformation of yarns is too
different: when determining the components of
deformation, the yarn is subjected to "pure"
stretching, while in the case of interest to us, the yarn,
pressing against the cylindrical surface, is crushed in
the contact zone. Taking this into account, a new
method is used to estimate the deformation of a yarn
depending on the tension in the zone of its contact
with a cylindrical surface. Pre-tension weights of 0.25
gf each are attached to the ends of the section of the
yarn being tested, and the yarn is brought into contact
with the cylindrical surface. Due to the pre-tension
weights, which are unable to rotate or unwind the
yarn, it adheres to the surface along the entire length
of the girth. Using a horizontal microscope and an
ocular scale, the diameter of the yarn above the top
point of the roller is measured. After this, the ends of
the yarn are loaded and the diameter is measured
again. A color mark applied to the yarn helps to ensure
that the measurements are taken in the same place on
the yarn. In the process of practicing the method, it
was found that the second measurement of the
diameter can be made 5-7 seconds after the yarn is
loaded. Therefore, the time the yarn remains under the
load is 7 seconds (as in the method for assessing the
contact area) [6-7].
The relative change in diameter is adopted as a
characteristic of yarn deformation:
δ=
𝑑
0
-
𝑑
1
𝑑
0
(1)
where,
𝑑
0
- initial diameter size;
𝑑
1
- the diameter of the
yarn at the end of a given loading time. When
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
132
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
130-134
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
measuring the diameters of twenty pieces of yarn, the
coefficient of variation did not exceed 15% for complex
yarns and 25% for yarn.
Fig.1. The deformation of the cross-section of various yarns.
Fig. 1 shows a graph of the dependence of the
deformation of the cross-section of various yarns on
their tension, where 1 is the curve for viscose yarn, 2 is
for nylon, 3 is for cotton yarn, 4 is for wool, 5 is for
viscose staple yarn.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
133
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
130-134
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Fig.2. The deformation of the cross-section of nylon yarns of different twists.
In Fig. 2 changes in the deformation of the cross-
section of nylon yarns of different twists from the
magnitude of tension, where 1 is the curve for a nylon
yarn
𝛼 = 19, 2 − 𝛼 = 34, 3 − 𝛼 = 71, 4 − 𝛼 = 98, 5 − 𝛼 = 123, 6 − 𝛼 = 143
The curves of these graphs for yarns of all types and
twists studied have the same character. With
increasing tension, the deformation increases. In the
zone of small tensions, the curves rise quickly, and with
further growth of tension, they become more gentle.
The magnitude of the twist has a great influence on the
deformation of the yarn. As the intensity of the twist of
the yarn increases, the magnitude of its deformation
decreases. The curves of the dependence of the
relative deformation of nylon yarns of different twists
on tension are regularly located one above the other,
almost without changing their appearance.
If we observe the deformation of the yarn during its
contact with the help of a microscope from the side
and through a transparent cylindrical surface, we can
see that the main type of deformation of the fibers is
bending. During contact, being under tension, the yarn
is pressed against the cylindrical div. The sections of
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
134
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
130-134
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the fibers that are on the contact surface of the yarn,
bending, are pressed somewhat inside the yarn,
exerting pressure on the neighboring fibers, which,
pressing against each other, thereby compact the
structure of the yarn in the contact zone. The diameter
is somewhat reduced. Naturally, yarns of a looser
structure are deformed more strongly than yarns of a
high twist, and with increasing tension, the process of
compaction of the structure of the yarn slows down.
CONCLUSION
The conducted research and analysis of the obtained
data allow us to draw the following conclusions.
The new method for assessing the deformation of a
yarn in the zone of its contact with a cylindrical surface
is simple and allows us to obtain the characteristics of
the deformation of the yarn under conditions close to
those often encountered in practice.
The use of a transparent cylindrical surface allows us to
observe with a microscope the pattern of deformation
of the fibers of the surface layer of the yarn when its
tension changes (if necessary, the method of filming
can also be used).
The magnitude of the deformation of the yarn in the
transverse direction depends on its tension and twist.
With increasing tension, the magnitude of the relative
deformation increases and then gradually slows down.
With an increase in twist, the deformation index of the
yarn decreases.
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